Peter Millward
Biographic Data
| ID | 226641 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter Millward |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter |
| FAMILY NAME | Millward |
| SIGNATURE | MILLWARD P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Liverpool John Moores University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8003-1840 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 196 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Transformational Dramaturgical Longitudinalism (TDL): A Participant-Led Methodology for Researching Stigmatised Embodiment Over Time
Fat stigma is a qualitative health research problem because fat bodies encounter persistent moral surveillance in daily life. In response, many fat people present a socially acceptable ‘front’ to clinicians and researchers. Existing qualitative approaches are therefore somewhat limited to capturing frontstage performances rather than participants’ more personal ‘backstage’ reflections. In response, this methodological paper introduces transformat…
Social Movement Ruptures and Legacies: Unpacking the Early Sedimentation of the Anti-European Super League Movement in English Football
Building on Della Porta's work on social movement events, critical junctures, and legacies, this article studies the discursive practices, emotions and networks of the instant 48-hour mobilizations of the anti-European Super League (ESL) movement in English football in April 2021. In doing so, we show how this case reveals a new generation of conflict between the different supporter demographic and corporate constituencies that characterize elite…
Lockdown leisure
This editorial sets the scene for this special issue by unpacking the concept of ‘lockdown leisure’ as closely linked with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which spread globally in early 2020 and throughout 2021 and 2022. It provides a snapshot of the parameters of lockdown leisure, outlines the separate articles in this special issue, and considers the medium-to-long term implications of the pandemic for leisure studies. By incor…
Sport and Crime: Towards a Critical Criminology of Sport
This is the first book to explore fully the connections between sport studies and criminology, opening up critical new frontiers in the study of sport and crime. Rooted firmly in established critical criminological traditions, the book also employs insights from emerging theoretical frameworks such as cultural criminology, governmentality theory and critical security studies to make better sense of a range of transnational and contemporary cases,…
Sport and Crime: Towards a Critical Criminology of Sport
Sport Policy and Politics in an Era of Austerity
This book assesses the impact of austerity measures introduced by UK and EU governments for public and third sector organisations providing sport-related services and for service users.
The impact of international football events on local, national and transnational fan cultures: A critical overview
A Security Theater of Dreams: Supporters’ Responses to “Safety” and “Security” Following the Old Trafford “Fake Bomb” Evacuation
On May 15, 2016, reports emerged of a “suspect package” inside Old Trafford minutes before kick-off in Manchester United’s game versus Bournemouth. The “suspect package,” causing a full-scale evacuation, and match postponement, turned out to be a “fake bomb” accidently left following a security exercise. Minimal social research investigates responses from supporters to “security” and “safety” at large sports events. Although the “suspect package,…
Social Movements, Collective Action and Activism
Collective action and oppositional political activism are firmly established features of any society and pose a challenge to inequality, exclusion and injustice rooted in the oppression of people. Oppressive practices and exclusionary policies are often the catalyst for participation in collective action to generate a conscious move towards social, cultural and political change. Over 100 years ago the suffragette movement in the UK and the nation…
Collective Action and Football Fandom
Against Modern Football: Mobilising Protest Movements in Social Media
Recent debates in sociology consider how Internet communications might catalyse leaderless, open-ended, affective social movements that broaden support and bypass traditional institutional channels to create change. We extend this work into the field of leisure and lifestyle politics with an empirical study of Internet-mediated protest movement, Stand Against Modern Football. We explain how social media facilitate communications that transcend lo…
A 'Different Class'? Homophily and Heterophily in the Social Class Networks of Britpop
Social network analysis is increasingly recognised as a useful way to explore music scenes. In this article we examine the individuals who were the cultural workforce that comprised the 'Britpop' music scene of the 1990s. The focus of our analysis is homophily and heterophily to determine whether the clusters of friendships and working relationships of those who were 'best connected' in the scene were patterned by original social class position. …
Chasing a Tiger in a network society? Hull City's proposed name change in the pursuit of China and East Asia's new middle class consumers
The English Premier League possesses multiple global dimensions, including its clubs' economic ownership, player recruitment patterns and television broadcasts of its matches. The owner of Hull City Association Football Club's economic rights, Dr Assam Allam, announced plans to re-name the club 'Hull City Tigers' in an attempt to re-orientate the club towards seemingly lucrative East Asian, and specifically Chinese, markets in 2013. This article,…
World Cup 2022 and Qatar's construction projects: Relational power in networks and relational responsibilities to migrant workers
This article explores the relational power and responsibilities to migrant workers on physical infrastructure projects in Qatar connected to the sovereign state hosting the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 2022. Currently, these construction workers operate under the Kafala system, which is upheld in Qatar. However, large numbers of Qatar's visiting migrant construction workers were recorded as injured or killed …
Sport and New Media
This chapter presents the small but growing body of research on new media and sport. It outlines Manuel Castells’s ‘network society’ theory, noting tensions between early non-network digital distribution and later network forms. The chapter discusses the ‘first digital revolution’, which saw sports broadcasting via dedicated cable and satellite media give rise to a new global hyper-commercial industry. It also outlines the ‘second digital revolut…
Ideology, Sport and
Sport is a distinct form of leisure activity, and ideology is a culture that shapes ideas, beliefs, and actions, including, but not restricted to, those thought to be “political.” The ideological capacity of sport can be considered so great that it may now be apt to rework Marx's dictum – that sport, rather than religion, might sensibly be considered to be the new opiate of the people. Unquestionably, explicit links between sport and ideology hav…
Special Section Introduction: The Political Sociologies of Sport
[No abstract]
Football Fandom, Mobilization and Herbert Blumer: A Social Movement Analysis of F.C. United of Manchester
This article explores the establishment and development of fan-owned association football club, F.C. United of Manchester. It does this by drawing upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews, observations and an analysis of multiple texts, such as fanzines, web-based and media reports materials and discusses this using Herbert Blumer’s theory of collective behavior. As such, the article addresses two research questions: first, wha…
New football directors in the twenty-first century: Profit and revenue in the English Premier League’s transnational age
The importance of governance in football has been underlined recently by the UK government’s cross-party enquiry which, amongst other issues, explored debt levels and ownership patterns in football. This article addresses the latter of these themes by exploring ‘new directors’ ways of developing revenue and potentially extracting profits from football in the twenty-first century. By embedding the argument into discourses about the globalisation o…
Spatial mobilities, football players and the World Cup: Evidence from the English premier league
The mobilities of elite football players has become one of the defining features of football in the contemporary age, where an international transfer market has been lubricated by the 'Bosman' ruling (1995) but made a reality by 'pull' factors – such as high salaries and the global esteem offered by globally renowned leagues across the world. This article uses data drawn from players' domicile across the 1986, 1998 and 2010 World Cups to test two…
Football's Coming Home: Digital reterritorialization, contradictions in the transnational coverage of sport and the sociology of alternative football broadcasts
This article critically utilizes the work of Manuel Castells to discuss the issue of parallel imported broadcasts (specifically including live‐streams) in football. This is of crucial importance to sport because the English Premier League is premised upon the sale of television rights broadcasts to domestic and overseas markets, and yet cheaper alternative broadcasts endanger the price of such rights. Evidence is drawn from qualitative fieldwork …
Reclaiming the Kop? Analysing Liverpool Supporters' 21st Century Mobilizations
For at least the past three decades, the sociology of football and its supporter cultures has been responsive to the social issues which have emerged within it. Today, the fact that fans rejoice and protest at overseas purchases of their club means that the time has come for research to reflect on elite-level English football's position in a transnational space. In this context, this article focuses on the football supporters' protests connected …
The Global Football League
This book tackles issues of globalization in the English Premier League and unpicks what this means to fan groups around the world, drawing upon a range of sociological theories to tell the story of t
The Global Football League: Transnational Networks, Social Movements and Sport in the New Media Age
Supporter Mobilisation Conclusions References Index
Glasgow Rangers Supporters in the City of Manchester: The Degeneration of a ‘Fan Party’ into a ‘Hooligan Riot
On 14 May 2008 Glasgow Rangers and Zenit St Petersburg contested the UEFA Cup final at the City of Manchester Stadium. Zenit St Petersburg won the match but the event was marred by violent clashes between Glasgow Rangers supporters and Greater Manchester Police's Tactical Support Group officers in Manchester city centre during the game. News coverage largely attached blame for the disorder upon Glasgow Rangers' supporters, however, this article, …
The Rebirth of the Football Fanzine: Using E-zines as Data Source
This article presents e-zines as both a legitimate data source and a basis of investigation for sociologists of popular culture. To do this, the article describes and evaluates the rise of the 'fanzine' in the 1970s and 1980s along with its decline in the final years of the 20th century and parallels this with the emergence of the Internet as an 'everyday' commodity. The unfolding argument is that e-zines provide a site for both the construction …
Against Modern Football: Mobilising Protest Movements in Social Media
Recent debates in sociology consider how Internet communications might catalyse leaderless, open-ended, affective social movements that broaden support and bypass traditional institutional channels to create change. We extend this work into the field of leisure and lifestyle politics with an empirical study of Internet-mediated protest movement, Stand Against Modern Football. We explain how social media facilitate communications that transcend lo…
Reclaiming the Kop? Analysing Liverpool Supporters' 21st Century Mobilizations
For at least the past three decades, the sociology of football and its supporter cultures has been responsive to the social issues which have emerged within it. Today, the fact that fans rejoice and protest at overseas purchases of their club means that the time has come for research to reflect on elite-level English football's position in a transnational space. In this context, this article focuses on the football supporters' protests connected …
World Cup 2022 and Qatar's construction projects: Relational power in networks and relational responsibilities to migrant workers
This article explores the relational power and responsibilities to migrant workers on physical infrastructure projects in Qatar connected to the sovereign state hosting the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 2022. Currently, these construction workers operate under the Kafala system, which is upheld in Qatar. However, large numbers of Qatar's visiting migrant construction workers were recorded as injured or killed …
Rivalries and Racisms: Closed' and 'Open' Islamophobic Dispositions Amongst Football Supporters
Racism in football has been the topic of much academic discussion. However, the issue of Islamophobic racism has received very little attention. This article looks at Middlesbrough FC and Newcastle United FC fan discussions around the 'Mido affair' in August 2007 to consider the issue and uses this evidence to discuss the effectiveness of the football Faith Summit's policy suggestions to combat Islamophobia in football. The unfolding argument is …
Football Fandom, Mobilization and Herbert Blumer: A Social Movement Analysis of F.C. United of Manchester
This article explores the establishment and development of fan-owned association football club, F.C. United of Manchester. It does this by drawing upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews, observations and an analysis of multiple texts, such as fanzines, web-based and media reports materials and discusses this using Herbert Blumer’s theory of collective behavior. As such, the article addresses two research questions: first, wha…
Social Movements, Collective Action and Activism
Collective action and oppositional political activism are firmly established features of any society and pose a challenge to inequality, exclusion and injustice rooted in the oppression of people. Oppressive practices and exclusionary policies are often the catalyst for participation in collective action to generate a conscious move towards social, cultural and political change. Over 100 years ago the suffragette movement in the UK and the nation…
Football's Coming Home: Digital reterritorialization, contradictions in the transnational coverage of sport and the sociology of alternative football broadcasts
This article critically utilizes the work of Manuel Castells to discuss the issue of parallel imported broadcasts (specifically including live‐streams) in football. This is of crucial importance to sport because the English Premier League is premised upon the sale of television rights broadcasts to domestic and overseas markets, and yet cheaper alternative broadcasts endanger the price of such rights. Evidence is drawn from qualitative fieldwork …
Social Movement Ruptures and Legacies: Unpacking the Early Sedimentation of the Anti-European Super League Movement in English Football
Building on Della Porta's work on social movement events, critical junctures, and legacies, this article studies the discursive practices, emotions and networks of the instant 48-hour mobilizations of the anti-European Super League (ESL) movement in English football in April 2021. In doing so, we show how this case reveals a new generation of conflict between the different supporter demographic and corporate constituencies that characterize elite…
Chasing a Tiger in a network society? Hull City's proposed name change in the pursuit of China and East Asia's new middle class consumers
The English Premier League possesses multiple global dimensions, including its clubs' economic ownership, player recruitment patterns and television broadcasts of its matches. The owner of Hull City Association Football Club's economic rights, Dr Assam Allam, announced plans to re-name the club 'Hull City Tigers' in an attempt to re-orientate the club towards seemingly lucrative East Asian, and specifically Chinese, markets in 2013. This article,…
Lockdown leisure
This editorial sets the scene for this special issue by unpacking the concept of ‘lockdown leisure’ as closely linked with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which spread globally in early 2020 and throughout 2021 and 2022. It provides a snapshot of the parameters of lockdown leisure, outlines the separate articles in this special issue, and considers the medium-to-long term implications of the pandemic for leisure studies. By incor…
A 'Different Class'? Homophily and Heterophily in the Social Class Networks of Britpop
Social network analysis is increasingly recognised as a useful way to explore music scenes. In this article we examine the individuals who were the cultural workforce that comprised the 'Britpop' music scene of the 1990s. The focus of our analysis is homophily and heterophily to determine whether the clusters of friendships and working relationships of those who were 'best connected' in the scene were patterned by original social class position. …
Glasgow Rangers Supporters in the City of Manchester: The Degeneration of a ‘Fan Party’ into a ‘Hooligan Riot
On 14 May 2008 Glasgow Rangers and Zenit St Petersburg contested the UEFA Cup final at the City of Manchester Stadium. Zenit St Petersburg won the match but the event was marred by violent clashes between Glasgow Rangers supporters and Greater Manchester Police's Tactical Support Group officers in Manchester city centre during the game. News coverage largely attached blame for the disorder upon Glasgow Rangers' supporters, however, this article, …
The impact of international football events on local, national and transnational fan cultures: A critical overview
New football directors in the twenty-first century: Profit and revenue in the English Premier League’s transnational age
The importance of governance in football has been underlined recently by the UK government’s cross-party enquiry which, amongst other issues, explored debt levels and ownership patterns in football. This article addresses the latter of these themes by exploring ‘new directors’ ways of developing revenue and potentially extracting profits from football in the twenty-first century. By embedding the argument into discourses about the globalisation o…
Official Policies and Informal Transversal Networks: Creating 'Pan-European Identifications' through Sport
The idea that sport has been drawn into helping build a collective identity around the nation-state, particularly in the immediate 'era of independence' after 1945, is well documented. However, it is only recently that sport has been linked to notions of moulding what we term here as 'pan-European identifications'. It is our argument that there are two distinctive forms to such identification. The first posits a tangible notion of identity based …
We've All Got The Bug For Euro-Aways: What Fans Say about European Football Club Competition
It is well established that sport helps to produce and maintain national identities. However, the relationship between football and European identities has received only limited attention. This article questions whether football assists the production of European identities. To test this, data were collected from RAOTL e-zine (found at www.raotl.co.uk/), which is an Internet messageboard used by Liverpool Football Club supporters. From this data,…
A Security Theater of Dreams: Supporters’ Responses to “Safety” and “Security” Following the Old Trafford “Fake Bomb” Evacuation
On May 15, 2016, reports emerged of a “suspect package” inside Old Trafford minutes before kick-off in Manchester United’s game versus Bournemouth. The “suspect package,” causing a full-scale evacuation, and match postponement, turned out to be a “fake bomb” accidently left following a security exercise. Minimal social research investigates responses from supporters to “security” and “safety” at large sports events. Although the “suspect package,…
Spatial mobilities, football players and the World Cup: Evidence from the English premier league
The mobilities of elite football players has become one of the defining features of football in the contemporary age, where an international transfer market has been lubricated by the 'Bosman' ruling (1995) but made a reality by 'pull' factors – such as high salaries and the global esteem offered by globally renowned leagues across the world. This article uses data drawn from players' domicile across the 1986, 1998 and 2010 World Cups to test two…
Special Section Introduction: The Political Sociologies of Sport
[No abstract]
Collected Writings on Education and Drama
Children Constructing Dramatic Contexts
This paper will explore the ways in which a group of children and their teacher use their knowledge of language to create a make-believe context. It will show how the participants collaborate to construct dramatic experience and how through their use of language they describe their relationships, roles and situations. The participants contributions to the discourse will be seen to present the everyday context of teachers and children doing drama …
The 'grey digital divide': Perception, exclusion and barriers of access to the Internet for older people
Focussing upon the elderly, this article utilises data discovered as researcher for Age Concern in Wigan (U.K.) and examines the feelings of older people toward the Internet. It explores the reasons why some clients and volunteers choose to use the Internet, whilst others do not, relating these perspectives to the organisations, alongside broader national (U.K.) and EU, commitments to reduce the digital divide. The article argues that for the eld…
Sport and Consumption in Contemporary Sociology
(2006). Sport and Consumption in Contemporary Sociology. World Leisure Journal: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 61-63
We've All Got The Bug For Euro-Aways: What Fans Say about European Football Club Competition
It is well established that sport helps to produce and maintain national identities. However, the relationship between football and European identities has received only limited attention. This article questions whether football assists the production of European identities. To test this, data were collected from RAOTL e-zine (found at www.raotl.co.uk/), which is an Internet messageboard used by Liverpool Football Club supporters. From this data,…
Ideology, Sport and
Sport and ideology refers to the way in which the former, as a distinct form of leisure activity, impacts upon the body of ideas which reflect the beliefs of a social group or political system. Indeed, the ideological capacity of sport can be considered so great that it may now be apt to rework Marx's dictum, in that sport, rather than religion, might sensibly be considered to be the new opiate of the people. Unquestionably, explicit links betwee…
Official Policies and Informal Transversal Networks: Creating 'Pan-European Identifications' through Sport
The idea that sport has been drawn into helping build a collective identity around the nation-state, particularly in the immediate 'era of independence' after 1945, is well documented. However, it is only recently that sport has been linked to notions of moulding what we term here as 'pan-European identifications'. It is our argument that there are two distinctive forms to such identification. The first posits a tangible notion of identity based …
Rivalries and Racisms: Closed' and 'Open' Islamophobic Dispositions Amongst Football Supporters
Racism in football has been the topic of much academic discussion. However, the issue of Islamophobic racism has received very little attention. This article looks at Middlesbrough FC and Newcastle United FC fan discussions around the 'Mido affair' in August 2007 to consider the issue and uses this evidence to discuss the effectiveness of the football Faith Summit's policy suggestions to combat Islamophobia in football. The unfolding argument is …
The Rebirth of the Football Fanzine: Using E-zines as Data Source
This article presents e-zines as both a legitimate data source and a basis of investigation for sociologists of popular culture. To do this, the article describes and evaluates the rise of the 'fanzine' in the 1970s and 1980s along with its decline in the final years of the 20th century and parallels this with the emergence of the Internet as an 'everyday' commodity. The unfolding argument is that e-zines provide a site for both the construction …
Glasgow Rangers Supporters in the City of Manchester: The Degeneration of a ‘Fan Party’ into a ‘Hooligan Riot
On 14 May 2008 Glasgow Rangers and Zenit St Petersburg contested the UEFA Cup final at the City of Manchester Stadium. Zenit St Petersburg won the match but the event was marred by violent clashes between Glasgow Rangers supporters and Greater Manchester Police's Tactical Support Group officers in Manchester city centre during the game. News coverage largely attached blame for the disorder upon Glasgow Rangers' supporters, however, this article, …
The Global Football League
This book tackles issues of globalization in the English Premier League and unpicks what this means to fan groups around the world, drawing upon a range of sociological theories to tell the story of t
The Global Football League: Transnational Networks, Social Movements and Sport in the New Media Age
Supporter Mobilisation Conclusions References Index
Spatial mobilities, football players and the World Cup: Evidence from the English premier league
The mobilities of elite football players has become one of the defining features of football in the contemporary age, where an international transfer market has been lubricated by the 'Bosman' ruling (1995) but made a reality by 'pull' factors – such as high salaries and the global esteem offered by globally renowned leagues across the world. This article uses data drawn from players' domicile across the 1986, 1998 and 2010 World Cups to test two…
Football's Coming Home: Digital reterritorialization, contradictions in the transnational coverage of sport and the sociology of alternative football broadcasts
This article critically utilizes the work of Manuel Castells to discuss the issue of parallel imported broadcasts (specifically including live‐streams) in football. This is of crucial importance to sport because the English Premier League is premised upon the sale of television rights broadcasts to domestic and overseas markets, and yet cheaper alternative broadcasts endanger the price of such rights. Evidence is drawn from qualitative fieldwork …
Reclaiming the Kop? Analysing Liverpool Supporters' 21st Century Mobilizations
For at least the past three decades, the sociology of football and its supporter cultures has been responsive to the social issues which have emerged within it. Today, the fact that fans rejoice and protest at overseas purchases of their club means that the time has come for research to reflect on elite-level English football's position in a transnational space. In this context, this article focuses on the football supporters' protests connected …
New football directors in the twenty-first century: Profit and revenue in the English Premier League’s transnational age
The importance of governance in football has been underlined recently by the UK government’s cross-party enquiry which, amongst other issues, explored debt levels and ownership patterns in football. This article addresses the latter of these themes by exploring ‘new directors’ ways of developing revenue and potentially extracting profits from football in the twenty-first century. By embedding the argument into discourses about the globalisation o…
Football Fandom, Mobilization and Herbert Blumer: A Social Movement Analysis of F.C. United of Manchester
This article explores the establishment and development of fan-owned association football club, F.C. United of Manchester. It does this by drawing upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews, observations and an analysis of multiple texts, such as fanzines, web-based and media reports materials and discusses this using Herbert Blumer’s theory of collective behavior. As such, the article addresses two research questions: first, wha…
Sport and New Media
This chapter presents the small but growing body of research on new media and sport. It outlines Manuel Castells’s ‘network society’ theory, noting tensions between early non-network digital distribution and later network forms. The chapter discusses the ‘first digital revolution’, which saw sports broadcasting via dedicated cable and satellite media give rise to a new global hyper-commercial industry. It also outlines the ‘second digital revolut…
Ideology, Sport and
Sport is a distinct form of leisure activity, and ideology is a culture that shapes ideas, beliefs, and actions, including, but not restricted to, those thought to be “political.” The ideological capacity of sport can be considered so great that it may now be apt to rework Marx's dictum – that sport, rather than religion, might sensibly be considered to be the new opiate of the people. Unquestionably, explicit links between sport and ideology hav…
Special Section Introduction: The Political Sociologies of Sport
[No abstract]
A 'Different Class'? Homophily and Heterophily in the Social Class Networks of Britpop
Social network analysis is increasingly recognised as a useful way to explore music scenes. In this article we examine the individuals who were the cultural workforce that comprised the 'Britpop' music scene of the 1990s. The focus of our analysis is homophily and heterophily to determine whether the clusters of friendships and working relationships of those who were 'best connected' in the scene were patterned by original social class position. …
Chasing a Tiger in a network society? Hull City's proposed name change in the pursuit of China and East Asia's new middle class consumers
The English Premier League possesses multiple global dimensions, including its clubs' economic ownership, player recruitment patterns and television broadcasts of its matches. The owner of Hull City Association Football Club's economic rights, Dr Assam Allam, announced plans to re-name the club 'Hull City Tigers' in an attempt to re-orientate the club towards seemingly lucrative East Asian, and specifically Chinese, markets in 2013. This article,…
World Cup 2022 and Qatar's construction projects: Relational power in networks and relational responsibilities to migrant workers
This article explores the relational power and responsibilities to migrant workers on physical infrastructure projects in Qatar connected to the sovereign state hosting the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 2022. Currently, these construction workers operate under the Kafala system, which is upheld in Qatar. However, large numbers of Qatar's visiting migrant construction workers were recorded as injured or killed …
Collective Action and Football Fandom
Against Modern Football: Mobilising Protest Movements in Social Media
Recent debates in sociology consider how Internet communications might catalyse leaderless, open-ended, affective social movements that broaden support and bypass traditional institutional channels to create change. We extend this work into the field of leisure and lifestyle politics with an empirical study of Internet-mediated protest movement, Stand Against Modern Football. We explain how social media facilitate communications that transcend lo…
Sociology (27 works) · Political science (25 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (25 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (23 works) · Law (21 works) · Football (14 works) · Politics (14 works) · Media studies (13 works) · Business (11 works) · Social science (9 works)