Elizabeth A Hoffmann
Biographic Data
| ID | 227608 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elizabeth A Hoffmann |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elizabeth A |
| FAMILY NAME | Hoffmann |
| SIGNATURE | HOFFMANN E A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8144-9613 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 182 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Marginalized Identity and Active Resistance: Milwaukee Socialists and German-Americans During World War I
When the USA entered World War I, Socialists, German immigrants, and German-Americans in southeastern Wisconsin went from being generally accepted and influential members of their communities to being marginalized and vilified. German immigrants who had been well integrated into conventional society became enemy aliens. Socialists and German-Americans faced new restrictions on their movement and speech. Scholarship on groups faced with this level…
Letter Writing and Legal Consciousness during World War I
This article explores how ordinary Americans thought about law during World War I by examining 119 letters to Congress regarding charges under the Espionage Act. These letters are a product of their time and shed new light on our understanding of the first Red Scare. This lens of legal consciousness explains how people remain within established modes of engagement, rather than either withdrawing or becoming violent, as is found in the extant lite…
Taxation, Lactation, and Validation: The Symbolic Power of Tax Law to Legitimize Breast Milk Expression
In 2011, the Internal Revenue Service reversed a previous regulation that excluded lactation supplies, including breast pumps, from medical care tax benefits. This policy change was met with joy by some working mothers. Often torn between family needs and workplace duties, these lactating employees struggled with trying to be a “good worker” and a “good mother.” They saw the new tax law as validation of their efforts to express milk at work and l…
Law, compliance, and variation: Proximity and preferences regarding workplace lactation accommodations
Federal law mandates that employers accommodate lactating workers who wish to express breast milk at work. Lactation's physical demands set lactating employees apart from their coworkers, as lactation requires regular breaks and private rooms to express milk. Although longer breaks and convenient lactation accommodations make for more successful workplace milk expression, many lactating workers lack one or both. During their lactation breaks, som…
Moralizing the law: Lactating workers and the transformation of supervising managers
The Lactation at Work Law amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate employer accommodation of employees' breast milk expression. Interviews with employees, human resource specialists, and supervising managers in nine industries found that some organizations' supervising managers, who initially perceived accommodations only as a legal mandate furthering managerial goals, over time changed to understanding lactation accommodations through a c…
Lactation at Work: Expressed Milk, Expressing Beliefs, and the Expressive Value of Law
In recent decades, as women entered the US workforce in increasing numbers, they faced the conundrum of how to maintain breastfeeding and hold down full-time jobs. In 2010, the Lactation at Work Law (an amendment to the US Fair Labor Standards Act) mandated accommodations for lactating women. This book examines the federal law and its state-level equivalent in Indiana, drawing on two waves of interviews with human resource personnel, supervising …
Allies Already Poised to Comply: How Social Proximity Affects Lactation at Work Law Compliance
This study demonstrates how legal compliance may be better achieved when organizations include individuals who will advocate for newly codified rights and related accommodations. To understand compliance with a new law and the rights it confers, this article examines as its case study the Lactation at Work law, which amends the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate basic provisions for employees to express breast milk at work. In particular, this s…
Emotions and Emotional Labor at Worker-Owned Businesses: Deep Acting, Surface Acting, and Genuine Emotions
Members of worker cooperatives—organizations collectively owned and democratically run by their workers—report substantial differences in how they can or must perform various emotions, compared with previous work at conventional, hierarchical organizations. First, some emotions not allowed in conventional workplaces are fully permitted at worker cooperatives, including negative emotions, like anger, but also positive emotions, like enthusiasm. In…
Labor Education’s Evolving Forms and Expanding Applicability
Obscured Inequalities in Mechanisms for Managing Workplace Disputes
Although the law gives workers a variety of rights, actually implementing them is a battle in itself. When settling workplace disputes outside the courtroom, the dispute is met with a mandate to compromise, often ignoring the parties’ rights. If dispute resolution occurs within the workplace, employees often face an even more uneven playing field when confronting their employers, who enjoy greater experience, the appearance of legitimacy, and sub…
Workplace Dispute Resolution in the Homecare Industry: The Triangle of Worker, Client, and Manager
This study explores contrary predictions of workers' dispute resolution strategies by examining three different types of homecare businesses: a conventional, hierarchical business that is run for profit; a hierarchically organized charity; and a worker-owned, worker-managed cooperative. Some literature asserts that the structure of the organization will impact how workers address their workplace disputes. However, other literature argues the stru…
Revenge' and 'Rescue: Workplace Deviance in the Taxicab Industry
This study explores taxicab drivers' acts of 'revenge' and 'rescue,' some of which are expressive acts, while others are more instrumental. This article builds on earlier theories of workplace deviance, demonstrating how deviance can serve different purposes and expanding the concept of 'deviance admiration' (Heckert and Heckert 2004). It examines deviance in a circumstance-the taxicab industry-which introduces a tension between mandated conformi…
Open-Ended Interviews, Power, and Emotional Labor
This article investigates the power dynamics of the interview process and the connected emotional labor, drawing on examples from a recent study on workplace grievances in which most data collection was through open-ended interviews. By exploring the shifts of power and the emotional labor demands in the qualitative, open-ended interview, this article emphasizes that power shifts and emotions within the interview are, themselves, important data. …
Driving Street Justice: The Taxicab Driver As The Last American Cowboy
This research explores workers' solidarity and shared culture in the cab driving industry, using theories of distributive justice and relational justice. Cab driving culture involves a high level of worker solidarity, with drivers relying on fellow drivers for assistance, working together in the face of conflict, and imposing various forms of social control when the cab driving community's norms are violated. This article operationalizes such act…
The Importance of Place: Using Local-Focus Videos to Spark the Sociological Imagination
Sociologists have documented how important place is in people’s lives. For example, certain places are associated with various emotions, such as triumph, sadness, fear, and contentment (Gieryn 2000). We also know that as people live in a place for more time, they become more attached to it (e.g., Herting et al 1997). Other scholars have shown that the bonds people create between themselves and certain geographic places reframe how certain sites a…
Exit and Voice: Organizational Loyalty and Dispute Resolution Strategies
This study compares workplace dispute resolution strategies (exit, voice and toleration) in matched pairs of conventional and worker-owned cooperative organizations operating in three industries — coal mining, taxicab driving and organic food distribution. Building on Hirschman's classic exit, voice and loyalty thesis, this research demonstrates how the degree of loyalty that workers hold affects how they approach workplace problems. I find that …
Dispute Resolution in a Worker Cooperative: Formal Procedures and Procedural Justice
While most research on workplace grievance resolution focuses on hierarchical settings, this study examines grievance resolution in a worker cooperative, a workplace mutually owned and democratically managed. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews and observations, this research explores how workers' perceptions of procedural justice influence their anticipated grievance strategies. Despite working side by side in the same organization, both me…
North Wales Miners: A Fragile Unity, 1945 to 1996
In Litigation: Do the "Haves" Still Come out Ahead
Legal Consciousness and Dispute Resolution: Different Disputing Behavior at Two Similar Taxicab Companies
This article examines how workers perceive the laws and rules that regulate their workplaces and how these perceptions differ depending on whether one works in an organization with a high level of worker-manager cooperation versus one with a more conventional hierarchy. Using two cab companies as examples, this article explores how these divergent organizational structures generate different grievance cultures that in turn encourage alternate und…
Worker Participation: Lessons from the Worker Co-Ops of the Pacific Northwest
Confrontations and Compromise: Dispute Resolution at a Worker Cooperative Coal Mine
This paper compares dispute-resolution behavior at a large coal mine in South Wales at two times: when the mine was run as a conventional, hierarchical organization by British Coal and, several years later, when it was bought out by the employees and converted into a worker cooperative. Synthesizing themes from law and society, organizational theory, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) research, I demonstrate how shared ownership, flattened …
Legal Consciousness and Dispute Resolution: Different Disputing Behavior at Two Similar Taxicab Companies
This article examines how workers perceive the laws and rules that regulate their workplaces and how these perceptions differ depending on whether one works in an organization with a high level of worker-manager cooperation versus one with a more conventional hierarchy. Using two cab companies as examples, this article explores how these divergent organizational structures generate different grievance cultures that in turn encourage alternate und…
Open-Ended Interviews, Power, and Emotional Labor
This article investigates the power dynamics of the interview process and the connected emotional labor, drawing on examples from a recent study on workplace grievances in which most data collection was through open-ended interviews. By exploring the shifts of power and the emotional labor demands in the qualitative, open-ended interview, this article emphasizes that power shifts and emotions within the interview are, themselves, important data. …
Dispute Resolution in a Worker Cooperative: Formal Procedures and Procedural Justice
While most research on workplace grievance resolution focuses on hierarchical settings, this study examines grievance resolution in a worker cooperative, a workplace mutually owned and democratically managed. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews and observations, this research explores how workers' perceptions of procedural justice influence their anticipated grievance strategies. Despite working side by side in the same organization, both me…
Confrontations and Compromise: Dispute Resolution at a Worker Cooperative Coal Mine
This paper compares dispute-resolution behavior at a large coal mine in South Wales at two times: when the mine was run as a conventional, hierarchical organization by British Coal and, several years later, when it was bought out by the employees and converted into a worker cooperative. Synthesizing themes from law and society, organizational theory, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) research, I demonstrate how shared ownership, flattened …
In Litigation: Do the "Haves" Still Come out Ahead
Exit and Voice: Organizational Loyalty and Dispute Resolution Strategies
This study compares workplace dispute resolution strategies (exit, voice and toleration) in matched pairs of conventional and worker-owned cooperative organizations operating in three industries — coal mining, taxicab driving and organic food distribution. Building on Hirschman's classic exit, voice and loyalty thesis, this research demonstrates how the degree of loyalty that workers hold affects how they approach workplace problems. I find that …
The Importance of Place: Using Local-Focus Videos to Spark the Sociological Imagination
Sociologists have documented how important place is in people’s lives. For example, certain places are associated with various emotions, such as triumph, sadness, fear, and contentment (Gieryn 2000). We also know that as people live in a place for more time, they become more attached to it (e.g., Herting et al 1997). Other scholars have shown that the bonds people create between themselves and certain geographic places reframe how certain sites a…
Allies Already Poised to Comply: How Social Proximity Affects Lactation at Work Law Compliance
This study demonstrates how legal compliance may be better achieved when organizations include individuals who will advocate for newly codified rights and related accommodations. To understand compliance with a new law and the rights it confers, this article examines as its case study the Lactation at Work law, which amends the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate basic provisions for employees to express breast milk at work. In particular, this s…
Revenge' and 'Rescue: Workplace Deviance in the Taxicab Industry
This study explores taxicab drivers' acts of 'revenge' and 'rescue,' some of which are expressive acts, while others are more instrumental. This article builds on earlier theories of workplace deviance, demonstrating how deviance can serve different purposes and expanding the concept of 'deviance admiration' (Heckert and Heckert 2004). It examines deviance in a circumstance-the taxicab industry-which introduces a tension between mandated conformi…
Driving Street Justice: The Taxicab Driver As The Last American Cowboy
This research explores workers' solidarity and shared culture in the cab driving industry, using theories of distributive justice and relational justice. Cab driving culture involves a high level of worker solidarity, with drivers relying on fellow drivers for assistance, working together in the face of conflict, and imposing various forms of social control when the cab driving community's norms are violated. This article operationalizes such act…
Moralizing the law: Lactating workers and the transformation of supervising managers
The Lactation at Work Law amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate employer accommodation of employees' breast milk expression. Interviews with employees, human resource specialists, and supervising managers in nine industries found that some organizations' supervising managers, who initially perceived accommodations only as a legal mandate furthering managerial goals, over time changed to understanding lactation accommodations through a c…
Workplace Dispute Resolution in the Homecare Industry: The Triangle of Worker, Client, and Manager
This study explores contrary predictions of workers' dispute resolution strategies by examining three different types of homecare businesses: a conventional, hierarchical business that is run for profit; a hierarchically organized charity; and a worker-owned, worker-managed cooperative. Some literature asserts that the structure of the organization will impact how workers address their workplace disputes. However, other literature argues the stru…
Obscured Inequalities in Mechanisms for Managing Workplace Disputes
Although the law gives workers a variety of rights, actually implementing them is a battle in itself. When settling workplace disputes outside the courtroom, the dispute is met with a mandate to compromise, often ignoring the parties’ rights. If dispute resolution occurs within the workplace, employees often face an even more uneven playing field when confronting their employers, who enjoy greater experience, the appearance of legitimacy, and sub…
Confrontations and Compromise: Dispute Resolution at a Worker Cooperative Coal Mine
This paper compares dispute-resolution behavior at a large coal mine in South Wales at two times: when the mine was run as a conventional, hierarchical organization by British Coal and, several years later, when it was bought out by the employees and converted into a worker cooperative. Synthesizing themes from law and society, organizational theory, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) research, I demonstrate how shared ownership, flattened …
Legal Consciousness and Dispute Resolution: Different Disputing Behavior at Two Similar Taxicab Companies
This article examines how workers perceive the laws and rules that regulate their workplaces and how these perceptions differ depending on whether one works in an organization with a high level of worker-manager cooperation versus one with a more conventional hierarchy. Using two cab companies as examples, this article explores how these divergent organizational structures generate different grievance cultures that in turn encourage alternate und…
Worker Participation: Lessons from the Worker Co-Ops of the Pacific Northwest
North Wales Miners: A Fragile Unity, 1945 to 1996
In Litigation: Do the "Haves" Still Come out Ahead
Dispute Resolution in a Worker Cooperative: Formal Procedures and Procedural Justice
While most research on workplace grievance resolution focuses on hierarchical settings, this study examines grievance resolution in a worker cooperative, a workplace mutually owned and democratically managed. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews and observations, this research explores how workers' perceptions of procedural justice influence their anticipated grievance strategies. Despite working side by side in the same organization, both me…
Driving Street Justice: The Taxicab Driver As The Last American Cowboy
This research explores workers' solidarity and shared culture in the cab driving industry, using theories of distributive justice and relational justice. Cab driving culture involves a high level of worker solidarity, with drivers relying on fellow drivers for assistance, working together in the face of conflict, and imposing various forms of social control when the cab driving community's norms are violated. This article operationalizes such act…
The Importance of Place: Using Local-Focus Videos to Spark the Sociological Imagination
Sociologists have documented how important place is in people’s lives. For example, certain places are associated with various emotions, such as triumph, sadness, fear, and contentment (Gieryn 2000). We also know that as people live in a place for more time, they become more attached to it (e.g., Herting et al 1997). Other scholars have shown that the bonds people create between themselves and certain geographic places reframe how certain sites a…
Exit and Voice: Organizational Loyalty and Dispute Resolution Strategies
This study compares workplace dispute resolution strategies (exit, voice and toleration) in matched pairs of conventional and worker-owned cooperative organizations operating in three industries — coal mining, taxicab driving and organic food distribution. Building on Hirschman's classic exit, voice and loyalty thesis, this research demonstrates how the degree of loyalty that workers hold affects how they approach workplace problems. I find that …
Open-Ended Interviews, Power, and Emotional Labor
This article investigates the power dynamics of the interview process and the connected emotional labor, drawing on examples from a recent study on workplace grievances in which most data collection was through open-ended interviews. By exploring the shifts of power and the emotional labor demands in the qualitative, open-ended interview, this article emphasizes that power shifts and emotions within the interview are, themselves, important data. …
Revenge' and 'Rescue: Workplace Deviance in the Taxicab Industry
This study explores taxicab drivers' acts of 'revenge' and 'rescue,' some of which are expressive acts, while others are more instrumental. This article builds on earlier theories of workplace deviance, demonstrating how deviance can serve different purposes and expanding the concept of 'deviance admiration' (Heckert and Heckert 2004). It examines deviance in a circumstance-the taxicab industry-which introduces a tension between mandated conformi…
Obscured Inequalities in Mechanisms for Managing Workplace Disputes
Although the law gives workers a variety of rights, actually implementing them is a battle in itself. When settling workplace disputes outside the courtroom, the dispute is met with a mandate to compromise, often ignoring the parties’ rights. If dispute resolution occurs within the workplace, employees often face an even more uneven playing field when confronting their employers, who enjoy greater experience, the appearance of legitimacy, and sub…
Workplace Dispute Resolution in the Homecare Industry: The Triangle of Worker, Client, and Manager
This study explores contrary predictions of workers' dispute resolution strategies by examining three different types of homecare businesses: a conventional, hierarchical business that is run for profit; a hierarchically organized charity; and a worker-owned, worker-managed cooperative. Some literature asserts that the structure of the organization will impact how workers address their workplace disputes. However, other literature argues the stru…
Emotions and Emotional Labor at Worker-Owned Businesses: Deep Acting, Surface Acting, and Genuine Emotions
Members of worker cooperatives—organizations collectively owned and democratically run by their workers—report substantial differences in how they can or must perform various emotions, compared with previous work at conventional, hierarchical organizations. First, some emotions not allowed in conventional workplaces are fully permitted at worker cooperatives, including negative emotions, like anger, but also positive emotions, like enthusiasm. In…
Labor Education’s Evolving Forms and Expanding Applicability
Allies Already Poised to Comply: How Social Proximity Affects Lactation at Work Law Compliance
This study demonstrates how legal compliance may be better achieved when organizations include individuals who will advocate for newly codified rights and related accommodations. To understand compliance with a new law and the rights it confers, this article examines as its case study the Lactation at Work law, which amends the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate basic provisions for employees to express breast milk at work. In particular, this s…
Lactation at Work: Expressed Milk, Expressing Beliefs, and the Expressive Value of Law
In recent decades, as women entered the US workforce in increasing numbers, they faced the conundrum of how to maintain breastfeeding and hold down full-time jobs. In 2010, the Lactation at Work Law (an amendment to the US Fair Labor Standards Act) mandated accommodations for lactating women. This book examines the federal law and its state-level equivalent in Indiana, drawing on two waves of interviews with human resource personnel, supervising …
Law, compliance, and variation: Proximity and preferences regarding workplace lactation accommodations
Federal law mandates that employers accommodate lactating workers who wish to express breast milk at work. Lactation's physical demands set lactating employees apart from their coworkers, as lactation requires regular breaks and private rooms to express milk. Although longer breaks and convenient lactation accommodations make for more successful workplace milk expression, many lactating workers lack one or both. During their lactation breaks, som…
Moralizing the law: Lactating workers and the transformation of supervising managers
The Lactation at Work Law amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate employer accommodation of employees' breast milk expression. Interviews with employees, human resource specialists, and supervising managers in nine industries found that some organizations' supervising managers, who initially perceived accommodations only as a legal mandate furthering managerial goals, over time changed to understanding lactation accommodations through a c…
Taxation, Lactation, and Validation: The Symbolic Power of Tax Law to Legitimize Breast Milk Expression
In 2011, the Internal Revenue Service reversed a previous regulation that excluded lactation supplies, including breast pumps, from medical care tax benefits. This policy change was met with joy by some working mothers. Often torn between family needs and workplace duties, these lactating employees struggled with trying to be a “good worker” and a “good mother.” They saw the new tax law as validation of their efforts to express milk at work and l…
Letter Writing and Legal Consciousness during World War I
This article explores how ordinary Americans thought about law during World War I by examining 119 letters to Congress regarding charges under the Espionage Act. These letters are a product of their time and shed new light on our understanding of the first Red Scare. This lens of legal consciousness explains how people remain within established modes of engagement, rather than either withdrawing or becoming violent, as is found in the extant lite…
Marginalized Identity and Active Resistance: Milwaukee Socialists and German-Americans During World War I
When the USA entered World War I, Socialists, German immigrants, and German-Americans in southeastern Wisconsin went from being generally accepted and influential members of their communities to being marginalized and vilified. German immigrants who had been well integrated into conventional society became enemy aliens. Socialists and German-Americans faced new restrictions on their movement and speech. Scholarship on groups faced with this level…
Political science (16 works) · Law (13 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Labor Movements and Unions (10 works) · Law (10 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Public relations (9 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Business (6 works) · Social Psychology (5 works)