William D Marelich
Biographic Data
| ID | 228644 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William D Marelich |
| GIVEN NAMES | William D |
| FAMILY NAME | Marelich |
| SIGNATURE | MARELICH W D |
| AFFILIATIONS | California State University, Fullerton |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1189-0331 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 86 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Investigation of Mothers’ Disclosure of HIV to Their Children
Mothers living with HIV (MLH) must navigate disclosing their serostatus to their children, but the longitudinal impact on families remains unknown. This study examined HIV disclosure, parenting, parenting stress, and child adjustment among 174 MLH-child dyads (aged 6–14; 35% Latinx; 57% Black/African American). Quantitative data were collected over four waves spanning 15 months. Qualitative data were collected with 14 families in which disclosure…
Does Maternal HIV Disclosure Self-Efficacy Enhance Parent–Child Relationships and Child Adjustment
Pilot trial of a parenting and self-care intervention for HIV-positive mothers
A pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of the IMAGE pilot intervention (Improving Mothers' parenting Abilities, Growth, and Effectiveness) on mothers living with HIV (MLH). Based on Fisher and Fisher's IMB model [1992. Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 455-474], the intervention focused on self-care and parenting behavior skills of MLH that affect maternal, child, and family outcomes. A randomized pre-test-post-…
Career readiness and externalizing behaviors of children affected by maternal HIV/Aids
The purpose of this 15-year longitudinal study was to assess the effects of maternal HIV/AIDS on child/adolescent career readiness and externalizing behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 66 pairs of healthy children and their mothers living with HIV/AIDS (MLH), who are participants in the Parents And children Coping Together (PACT) project begun in 1997. All study participants were English or Spanish speaking. About half (48.5%) of the youth …
Parenting deficits of mothers living with HIV/Aids who have young children
The purpose of this study was to examine a model of the relationships between parenting deficits and skills, along with child outcomes, in a sample of mothers living with HIV (MLH) and their 6 to 14 year old children. Sixty-two MLH (61% Latina, 26% black, 3% white, & 10% multiracial) and their well children (age 6 - 14) were recruited from the greater Los Angeles, California, region to participate in an intervention (IMAGE: Improving Mothers' par…
Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Meim) Expansion
These studies examined the degree to which racial, religious, and national aspects of individuals' sense of ethnic identity stand as interrelated, yet distinct, constructs. Results of exploratory factor analyses in Study 1 (n = 272) revealed that a three-factor model specifying racial, religious, and national identities yielded optimal fit to correlational data from an expanded, 36-item version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; Rob…
Self-competence among early and middle adolescents affected by maternal HIV/Aids
Adolescent children of mothers with HIV face a host of stressors that place them at increased risk for poor outcomes. Using covariance structure analysis, this study examines adolescent risk outcomes and their relationships to maternal health, as well as the potentially protective factors of family environment and self-competence. The final model indicated that poor maternal health was negatively related to a protective family environment, which …
Effects of maternal HIV on children's psychosocial adjustment with peers and with their mother
A longitudinal assessment was undertaken of young adolescents' psychosocial outcomes affected by maternal HIV/AIDS, focusing on both parent-child psychosocial ties and peer relationships. Data were taken from the Parents and Children Coping Together study (PACT), a 15-year study assessing mothers with HIV/AIDS and their well children every 6 months. Families (N = 118) who participated in PACT II and PACT III are included in the current analyses, …
Looking at and Longing for Male and Female “Swimsuit Models”
Men’s sexual attractions tend to be more category specific than women’s—that is, men tend to be attracted to either women or men, whereas women are more likely to show some degree of attraction to both sexes. To explore this phenomenon further, the authors assessed 62 heterosexual men and 79 heterosexual women on their time spent viewing and self-reported sexual attraction to photographed male and female “swimsuit models” who varied in attractive…
Predictors of Sexual Behavior Among Early and Middle Adolescents Affected by Maternal HIV
The impact of maternal HIV and family variables on sexual behaviors of early and middle adolescents was investigated. Data were collected from 118 pairs of HIV-positive mothers and their uninfected early/middle adolescents across four time-points. Descriptive analyses show the prevalence of sexual behaviors in this sample was significantly lower than rates in a comparable sample of adolescents who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveilla…
Anxiety/stress among mothers living with HIV
Parental HIV infection has been associated with negative outcomes for children, and parenting skills appear to be one mechanism operating in that association. The present study focuses on the relations between maternal stress, parenting, and child functioning among families where the mother is living with HIV. Sixty-nine mothers with at least one child between six and 12 years old completed questionnaires at the baseline assessment of an interven…
Maternal HIV/Aids and adolescent depression
The current study assessed the efficacy of selected variables from the Parents and children Coping Together (PACT) model, which was designed to predict maternal HIV effects on child/adolescent outcomes. Data from two longitudinal studies applying PACT measures were utilized, encompassing a seven-year assessment timespan for HIV-infected mothers and their children. Both maternal and child-based measures were evaluated, and a sequential longitudina…
Motivations for Sexual Intimacy
To assess motivations associated with sexual intimacy, a need for sexual intimacy scale (NSIS) was developed within a needs-based framework, focusing on needs for sex, affiliation, and dominance. Participants were 347 individuals associated with two large Southern California universities. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were utilized, as were multiple attitudinal and behavioral measures for validation purposes. EFA…
Resiliency in young children whose mothers are living with HIV/Aids
Resiliency was investigated among well children 6-11 years of age (N = 111) whose mothers are living with AIDS or are HIV symptomatic to determine if mother's HIV status was a risk factor that could effect child resiliency, as well as investigate other factors associated with resiliency. Assessments were conducted with mother and child dyads over four time points (baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups). Maternal illness was a risk factor for…
Sexual Deception as a Social-Exchange Process
The use of deception in association with sexual encounters may take many forms, ranging from outright lies to more subtle, evasive manipulations. To address such deceptions, a behavior-based sexual deception scale was developed utilizing social exchange theory. Participants were 267 individuals associated with two large universities who were surveyed regarding different aspects of their sexual deceptive behaviors. In addition, items addressing se…
Predictors of antiretroviral adherence
This study was conducted in order to help determine the key factors that predict adherence to antiretroviral medications. A total of 115 HIV/AIDS patients who were having trouble adhering to their antiretroviral regimens completed face-to-face interviews in which adherence levels, medication side effects, mental health, social support, patient-provider relationship characteristics, substance use and health anxiety were assessed. Three measures of…
Effects of empowerment among HIV-positive women on the patient-provider relationship
An assessment of the effects of HIV/AIDS patients' empowered behaviours on the patient-provider relationship was undertaken. Participants were 50 HIV-positive women ranging in age from 23 to 48 years, with 60% of the sample African American, 24% Latina, 6% White and 10% mixed/other race. Descriptive and canonical correlation analyses were used to investigate the interrelationships between patients' empowered behaviours and self-reported interacti…
Evaluation of a brief low-cost intervention to improve antiretroviral treatment decisions
An earlier pilot study found that US DHHS guidelines for antiretroviral treatment were not being successfully implemented (Mann et al., 2000). A brief and inexpensive intervention (visual aid checklist) was developed with the assistance of HIV-expert physicians in order to aid HIV/AIDS health care providers' and their patients' decisions about antiretroviral therapy. The visual aid checklist consisted of a two-page coloured diagram and explanatio…
HIV/Aids patient involvement in antiretroviral treatment decisions
An assessment of HIV/AIDS patients' involvement in antiretroviral treatment decisions with their health care providers was undertaken. Four focus group interviews were conducted with HIV-positive individuals (N = 39) who were receiving antiretroviral medications at the time of the study. Participants ranged in age from 33 to 54 years, 69% were male, with 44% African-American, 39% White and 12% Latino/other race. Qualitative analyses were used to …
Mothers living with HIV/Aids
There has been little work assessing the psychological condition of mothers living with HIV, their home life, and how these women function as caretakers with a chronic illness. In this study, interviews were conducted with 135 HIV symptomatic or AIDS diagnosed mothers of young, well children aged 6-11. White mothers were less likely to be severely ill (CD4 counts of <500) than all other race/ethnic groups. The mean level of depression was elevate…
Effects of Behavior Settings, Extradyadic Behaviors, and Interloper Characteristics on Romantic Jealousy
This study assessed the effects of behavior-setting changes, partners' behavior toward an interloper, and importance of interloper characteristics for romantic jealousy. Participants were 162 individuals in dating relationships. Four jealousy dilemmas were presented that crossed two levels of behavior setting and two levels of partners' extradyadic behavior toward an interloper. Interloper characteristics were also embedded in the dilemmas. A 2 x…
The implementation of the DHHS Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults
The objective of this study was to assess whether United States DHHS guidelines for treatment with antiretroviral therapies are being implemented by health care providers when discussing treatment options with newly diagnosed HIV patients. Health care providers were observed interacting with HIV patients while making decisions about treatment. Observers assessed whether providers and patients discussed the five benefits and six risks of initiatin…
HIV Risk Among Homosexual, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Male and Female Youths
Impact of attachment style on reactions to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships
Four studies examined reactions to accommodative dilemmas in ongoing close relationships, exploring the association between adult attachment style—secure, avoidant, and anxious‐ambivalent—and four possible modes of reaction—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Consistent with predictions, it was shown that which close partners enact potentially destructive behaviors, insecurely attached individuals tend to react in a more defensive and destructive …
Links between race/ethnicity and cultural values as mediated by racial/ethnic identity and moderated by gender
Two studies examined whether individualism (orientation toward one's own welfare), collectivism (orientation toward the welfare of one's larger community), and familism (orientation toward the welfare of one's immediate and extended family) are distinct cultural values predicted by race/ ethnicity. The 3 constructs proved to be separate dimensions, although collectivism and familism were positively correlated. In Study 1, persons of color scored …
Links between race/ethnicity and cultural values as mediated by racial/ethnic identity and moderated by gender
Two studies examined whether individualism (orientation toward one's own welfare), collectivism (orientation toward the welfare of one's larger community), and familism (orientation toward the welfare of one's immediate and extended family) are distinct cultural values predicted by race/ ethnicity. The 3 constructs proved to be separate dimensions, although collectivism and familism were positively correlated. In Study 1, persons of color scored …
HIV Risk Among Homosexual, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Male and Female Youths
Sexual Deception as a Social-Exchange Process
The use of deception in association with sexual encounters may take many forms, ranging from outright lies to more subtle, evasive manipulations. To address such deceptions, a behavior-based sexual deception scale was developed utilizing social exchange theory. Participants were 267 individuals associated with two large universities who were surveyed regarding different aspects of their sexual deceptive behaviors. In addition, items addressing se…
Maternal HIV/Aids and adolescent depression
The current study assessed the efficacy of selected variables from the Parents and children Coping Together (PACT) model, which was designed to predict maternal HIV effects on child/adolescent outcomes. Data from two longitudinal studies applying PACT measures were utilized, encompassing a seven-year assessment timespan for HIV-infected mothers and their children. Both maternal and child-based measures were evaluated, and a sequential longitudina…
Parenting deficits of mothers living with HIV/Aids who have young children
The purpose of this study was to examine a model of the relationships between parenting deficits and skills, along with child outcomes, in a sample of mothers living with HIV (MLH) and their 6 to 14 year old children. Sixty-two MLH (61% Latina, 26% black, 3% white, & 10% multiracial) and their well children (age 6 - 14) were recruited from the greater Los Angeles, California, region to participate in an intervention (IMAGE: Improving Mothers' par…
Effects of maternal HIV on children's psychosocial adjustment with peers and with their mother
A longitudinal assessment was undertaken of young adolescents' psychosocial outcomes affected by maternal HIV/AIDS, focusing on both parent-child psychosocial ties and peer relationships. Data were taken from the Parents and Children Coping Together study (PACT), a 15-year study assessing mothers with HIV/AIDS and their well children every 6 months. Families (N = 118) who participated in PACT II and PACT III are included in the current analyses, …
Distribution of HIV type 1 infection in childbearing women in California
The incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasing among California heterosexuals and children. To assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in childbearing women, we conducted a blinded serosurvey of newborns. Dried blood specimens taken from 99% of California births during the third quarter of 1988 (n = 135,808) and linked only to maternal demographic categories were tested for HIV-1 antibody by enzyme immunoas…
Distribution of HIV type 1 infection in childbearing women in California
The incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasing among California heterosexuals and children. To assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in childbearing women, we conducted a blinded serosurvey of newborns. Dried blood specimens taken from 99% of California births during the third quarter of 1988 (n = 135,808) and linked only to maternal demographic categories were tested for HIV-1 antibody by enzyme immunoas…
Impact of attachment style on reactions to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships
Four studies examined reactions to accommodative dilemmas in ongoing close relationships, exploring the association between adult attachment style—secure, avoidant, and anxious‐ambivalent—and four possible modes of reaction—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Consistent with predictions, it was shown that which close partners enact potentially destructive behaviors, insecurely attached individuals tend to react in a more defensive and destructive …
Links between race/ethnicity and cultural values as mediated by racial/ethnic identity and moderated by gender
Two studies examined whether individualism (orientation toward one's own welfare), collectivism (orientation toward the welfare of one's larger community), and familism (orientation toward the welfare of one's immediate and extended family) are distinct cultural values predicted by race/ ethnicity. The 3 constructs proved to be separate dimensions, although collectivism and familism were positively correlated. In Study 1, persons of color scored …
HIV Risk Among Homosexual, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Male and Female Youths
The implementation of the DHHS Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults
The objective of this study was to assess whether United States DHHS guidelines for treatment with antiretroviral therapies are being implemented by health care providers when discussing treatment options with newly diagnosed HIV patients. Health care providers were observed interacting with HIV patients while making decisions about treatment. Observers assessed whether providers and patients discussed the five benefits and six risks of initiatin…
HIV/Aids patient involvement in antiretroviral treatment decisions
An assessment of HIV/AIDS patients' involvement in antiretroviral treatment decisions with their health care providers was undertaken. Four focus group interviews were conducted with HIV-positive individuals (N = 39) who were receiving antiretroviral medications at the time of the study. Participants ranged in age from 33 to 54 years, 69% were male, with 44% African-American, 39% White and 12% Latino/other race. Qualitative analyses were used to …
Mothers living with HIV/Aids
There has been little work assessing the psychological condition of mothers living with HIV, their home life, and how these women function as caretakers with a chronic illness. In this study, interviews were conducted with 135 HIV symptomatic or AIDS diagnosed mothers of young, well children aged 6-11. White mothers were less likely to be severely ill (CD4 counts of <500) than all other race/ethnic groups. The mean level of depression was elevate…
Effects of Behavior Settings, Extradyadic Behaviors, and Interloper Characteristics on Romantic Jealousy
This study assessed the effects of behavior-setting changes, partners' behavior toward an interloper, and importance of interloper characteristics for romantic jealousy. Participants were 162 individuals in dating relationships. Four jealousy dilemmas were presented that crossed two levels of behavior setting and two levels of partners' extradyadic behavior toward an interloper. Interloper characteristics were also embedded in the dilemmas. A 2 x…
Effects of empowerment among HIV-positive women on the patient-provider relationship
An assessment of the effects of HIV/AIDS patients' empowered behaviours on the patient-provider relationship was undertaken. Participants were 50 HIV-positive women ranging in age from 23 to 48 years, with 60% of the sample African American, 24% Latina, 6% White and 10% mixed/other race. Descriptive and canonical correlation analyses were used to investigate the interrelationships between patients' empowered behaviours and self-reported interacti…
Evaluation of a brief low-cost intervention to improve antiretroviral treatment decisions
An earlier pilot study found that US DHHS guidelines for antiretroviral treatment were not being successfully implemented (Mann et al., 2000). A brief and inexpensive intervention (visual aid checklist) was developed with the assistance of HIV-expert physicians in order to aid HIV/AIDS health care providers' and their patients' decisions about antiretroviral therapy. The visual aid checklist consisted of a two-page coloured diagram and explanatio…
Predictors of antiretroviral adherence
This study was conducted in order to help determine the key factors that predict adherence to antiretroviral medications. A total of 115 HIV/AIDS patients who were having trouble adhering to their antiretroviral regimens completed face-to-face interviews in which adherence levels, medication side effects, mental health, social support, patient-provider relationship characteristics, substance use and health anxiety were assessed. Three measures of…
Motivations for Sexual Intimacy
To assess motivations associated with sexual intimacy, a need for sexual intimacy scale (NSIS) was developed within a needs-based framework, focusing on needs for sex, affiliation, and dominance. Participants were 347 individuals associated with two large Southern California universities. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were utilized, as were multiple attitudinal and behavioral measures for validation purposes. EFA…
Resiliency in young children whose mothers are living with HIV/Aids
Resiliency was investigated among well children 6-11 years of age (N = 111) whose mothers are living with AIDS or are HIV symptomatic to determine if mother's HIV status was a risk factor that could effect child resiliency, as well as investigate other factors associated with resiliency. Assessments were conducted with mother and child dyads over four time points (baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups). Maternal illness was a risk factor for…
Sexual Deception as a Social-Exchange Process
The use of deception in association with sexual encounters may take many forms, ranging from outright lies to more subtle, evasive manipulations. To address such deceptions, a behavior-based sexual deception scale was developed utilizing social exchange theory. Participants were 267 individuals associated with two large universities who were surveyed regarding different aspects of their sexual deceptive behaviors. In addition, items addressing se…
Maternal HIV/Aids and adolescent depression
The current study assessed the efficacy of selected variables from the Parents and children Coping Together (PACT) model, which was designed to predict maternal HIV effects on child/adolescent outcomes. Data from two longitudinal studies applying PACT measures were utilized, encompassing a seven-year assessment timespan for HIV-infected mothers and their children. Both maternal and child-based measures were evaluated, and a sequential longitudina…
Looking at and Longing for Male and Female “Swimsuit Models”
Men’s sexual attractions tend to be more category specific than women’s—that is, men tend to be attracted to either women or men, whereas women are more likely to show some degree of attraction to both sexes. To explore this phenomenon further, the authors assessed 62 heterosexual men and 79 heterosexual women on their time spent viewing and self-reported sexual attraction to photographed male and female “swimsuit models” who varied in attractive…
Predictors of Sexual Behavior Among Early and Middle Adolescents Affected by Maternal HIV
The impact of maternal HIV and family variables on sexual behaviors of early and middle adolescents was investigated. Data were collected from 118 pairs of HIV-positive mothers and their uninfected early/middle adolescents across four time-points. Descriptive analyses show the prevalence of sexual behaviors in this sample was significantly lower than rates in a comparable sample of adolescents who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveilla…
Anxiety/stress among mothers living with HIV
Parental HIV infection has been associated with negative outcomes for children, and parenting skills appear to be one mechanism operating in that association. The present study focuses on the relations between maternal stress, parenting, and child functioning among families where the mother is living with HIV. Sixty-nine mothers with at least one child between six and 12 years old completed questionnaires at the baseline assessment of an interven…
Self-competence among early and middle adolescents affected by maternal HIV/Aids
Adolescent children of mothers with HIV face a host of stressors that place them at increased risk for poor outcomes. Using covariance structure analysis, this study examines adolescent risk outcomes and their relationships to maternal health, as well as the potentially protective factors of family environment and self-competence. The final model indicated that poor maternal health was negatively related to a protective family environment, which …
Effects of maternal HIV on children's psychosocial adjustment with peers and with their mother
A longitudinal assessment was undertaken of young adolescents' psychosocial outcomes affected by maternal HIV/AIDS, focusing on both parent-child psychosocial ties and peer relationships. Data were taken from the Parents and Children Coping Together study (PACT), a 15-year study assessing mothers with HIV/AIDS and their well children every 6 months. Families (N = 118) who participated in PACT II and PACT III are included in the current analyses, …
Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Meim) Expansion
These studies examined the degree to which racial, religious, and national aspects of individuals' sense of ethnic identity stand as interrelated, yet distinct, constructs. Results of exploratory factor analyses in Study 1 (n = 272) revealed that a three-factor model specifying racial, religious, and national identities yielded optimal fit to correlational data from an expanded, 36-item version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; Rob…
Parenting deficits of mothers living with HIV/Aids who have young children
The purpose of this study was to examine a model of the relationships between parenting deficits and skills, along with child outcomes, in a sample of mothers living with HIV (MLH) and their 6 to 14 year old children. Sixty-two MLH (61% Latina, 26% black, 3% white, & 10% multiracial) and their well children (age 6 - 14) were recruited from the greater Los Angeles, California, region to participate in an intervention (IMAGE: Improving Mothers' par…
Career readiness and externalizing behaviors of children affected by maternal HIV/Aids
The purpose of this 15-year longitudinal study was to assess the effects of maternal HIV/AIDS on child/adolescent career readiness and externalizing behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 66 pairs of healthy children and their mothers living with HIV/AIDS (MLH), who are participants in the Parents And children Coping Together (PACT) project begun in 1997. All study participants were English or Spanish speaking. About half (48.5%) of the youth …
Pilot trial of a parenting and self-care intervention for HIV-positive mothers
A pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of the IMAGE pilot intervention (Improving Mothers' parenting Abilities, Growth, and Effectiveness) on mothers living with HIV (MLH). Based on Fisher and Fisher's IMB model [1992. Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 455-474], the intervention focused on self-care and parenting behavior skills of MLH that affect maternal, child, and family outcomes. A randomized pre-test-post-…
Does Maternal HIV Disclosure Self-Efficacy Enhance Parent–Child Relationships and Child Adjustment
Psychology (23 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (17 works) · Clinical Psychology (15 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (12 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Family medicine (9 works) · Psychiatry (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (6 works)