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Brian J Willoughby

Biographic Data

ID232327
NAMEBrian J Willoughby
GIVEN NAMESBrian J
FAMILY NAMEWilloughby
SIGNATUREWILLOUGHBY B J
AFFILIATIONSBrigham Young University
ORCID0000-0002-3844-661X
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS76
TOTAL CITATIONS515
AUTHOR COUNT76
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1988
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX13
  • Different Paths, Different Passions: Sexual Passion in Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Rebekah M Hakala, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2026

    Sexual passion represents a multidimensional construct encompassing one’s love of sex, investment in sexual activities, and incorporation of sexuality into self-definition, yet its development remains understudied. Using the Triadic Sexual Passion model (i.e., harmonious, obsessive, inhibited), this study examined how early emerging adulthood factors predict sexual passion seven years later. Data from 1,073 emerging adults in the United States as…

  • Do Financial Barrier Beliefs About Marriage Predict Building Wealth? Latent Growth Curves of Emerging Adults’ Financial Barrier Beliefs, Assets, and Debt

    Open Access•Matthew T Saxey, Ashley B Lebaron-Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family and Economic…•2025

    Scholars have found that among emerging adults, financial barrier beliefs about marriage—like believing financial independence should be achieved prior to marriage—appear to be common. Despite the prevalence of beliefs about finances regarding marriage readiness, scholars have not established whether and how these financial barrier beliefs about marriage predict emerging adults’ debt and assets over time. Through the lens of marital paradigms the…

  • Parenting Centrality in Emerging Adulthood

    Open Access•Carson R Dover, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2025

    The purpose of this study was to analyze parenting centrality across the early 20s among a sample of emerging adults. Many people desire to have children and place high value on parenting. However, no study has examined how central the parenting role, in comparison to other roles, may be for emerging adults. Using a longitudinal sample of 1823 emerging adults, we ran a multiple-group latent growth curve model on parenting centrality. We found tha…

  • Artificial connections: Romantic relationship engagement with artificial intelligence in the United States

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Carson R Dover et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2025•References: 44

    Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have begun to influence almost all aspects of life, including romantic relationships. Despite many companies and other entities now utilizing AI technology to produce products and media that may influence romantic relationship engagement and behavior, few studies to date have attempted to document or describe the ways that individuals engage with multiple AI technologies for romantic or se…

  • Sexual Behaviors as a Mediator Between Pornography Use and Heterosexual Relationship Outcomes

    Open Access•Carson R Dover, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2024

  • Planning for Parenthood: Using Sociodemographic Characteristics to Predict Expectations for the Timing and Number of Children Among Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Carson R Dover, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2024

    The purpose of this study is to analyze parenthood expectations (expected age to have a first child and number of children hoped for) in emerging adulthood, and how these expectations can be predicted by various sociodemographic factors. We draw on theoretical work on emerging adulthood, marital paradigms, and marital horizons theories in conceptualizing parenthood expectations, including one’s parenting horizon. Using a large, national sample of…

  • Relational Identity and Relationship Functioning in Emerging Adulthood: A Brief Report

    Open Access•Carson R Dover, Cecilia Serrano et al.•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2024

    Developing a coherent sense of self and establishing a long-term relationship are two developmental tasks during emerging adulthood. Guided by psychosocial developmental theory, this study explores the associations between relational identity processes (commitment, in-depth exploration, reconsideration of commitments) and relationship outcomes (satisfaction and stability) using a large sample of Spanish emerging adults in a romantic relationship.…

  • Women’s Pornography Use Patterns and Sexuality Education in U.S. Public Schools

    Open Access•Julie Fraumeni-McBride, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2024•References: 65

    This study investigated the relationship between sexuality education in U.S. public schools and women's pornography use. Utilizing quantitative methods, we examined a sample of women attending U.S. public schools who reported regular pornography use. Results revealed that, regardless of the type of sexuality education received, women exhibited similar rates of pornography use, with 60% reporting its use. A substantial portion (69%) of the women b…

  • Rules (And the Lack of Rules) About Pornography Use Among Heterosexual Couples

    Brian J Willoughby, Carson R Dover et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    Pornography use has become a normative sexual behavior. Despite this, little is known about how romantic couples navigate, discuss, or create boundaries and rules about pornography use in their relationship. Using short-answer qualitative responses from 3385 individuals in heterosexual romantic relationships, this study examined common themes in the rules and boundaries created by couples about pornography use. Results from a content analysis of …

  • Is getting hitched on the horizon? Examining predictors of cohabitation and early marriage in emerging adulthood

    Open Access•Carson R Dover, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 49

    This study analyzes different factors predicting both cohabitation and early marriage among emerging adults. Using a large ( n = 1,510), national, longitudinal sample of emerging adults in the United States, predictors of cohabitation and early marriage were examined. Predictors included marital paradigms (marital salience and expected age of marriage) and sociodemographic characteristics (religious attendance, parents' marital status, parents' e…

  • Pornography diversity: A latent class analysis of pornography users in committed relationships

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Carson R Dover et al.•ARTICLE•Computers in Human Behavior•2023

  • Orgasm Consistency in Mixed-Gender Couples: Actor, Partner, and Discrepancy Effects from Dyadic Response Surface Analysis

    Nathan D Leonhardt, Dean Busby et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2023•Cited by: 3•References: 5

    The potential link between orgasm consistency (i.e., the percentage of time an individual experiences orgasm during sexual interactions with a partner) and sexual satisfaction in mixed-gender sexual relationships remains underexamined in the literature. We combined two dyadic samples (N = 725 couples) and utilized Dyadic Response Surface Analysis (DRSA) to examine how both partners' orgasm consistency and their discrepancy of orgasm consistency p…

  • Associations of Adolescents’ Pornography Viewing with their Romantic Relationship Skills and Behaviors

    Charlie Huntington, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 10

    Research into adolescent pornography use has identified numerous individual-level behavioral and attitudinal correlates. However, associations between adolescents' pornography viewing and their romantic relationships remain understudied. Furthermore, very little is known about adolescents' watching pornography with their romantic partners (i.e., joint pornography use). The present study of adolescents ( n = 755, 59.9% girls, M age = 15.72 years o…

  • Context Matters: Moderating Effects in the Associations between Pornography Use, Perceived Addiction, and Relationship Well-being

    Brian J Willoughby, Carson R Dover•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 6

    While perceived addiction and religiosity have been key contextual factors in understanding the link between pornography use and personal distress, these contextual factors have been explored less in the relational literature. Using a large nonprobability convenience sample from the United States, a moderated mediation model of the association between pornography use alone and two key indicators of relationship quality (relationship satisfaction …

  • Curvilinear associations between pornography use and relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and relationship stability in the United States

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Nathan D Leonhardt et al.•ARTICLE•Computers in Human Behavior•2021

  • One Line of Sexual Decline? Growth Mixture Modeling for Midlife Sexual Satisfaction

    Open Access•Nathan D Leonhardt, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 71

  • What Does Marriage Mean to Us? Marital Centrality among Newlywed Couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jeremy Yorgason et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 45

    With marriage now delayed until later in the life course, developmental and young adult scholars have increasingly focused on how relational and marital beliefs of unmarried young adults influence developmental and relational trajectories. Yet little research has explored how these same perceptions and beliefs may alter adult relationships and marriages. Using a national U.S. sample of 1,755 newlywed couples, we explored how beliefs about the cen…

  • The Millennial Marriage

    Brian J Willoughby•BOOK•Millennial Marriage•2020

    This essential text explores the concept of "Me-Marriage"—a marital relationship that blends individualized life goals and interests—and draws from research on the current benefits and costs of marriage to consider how to achieve success, both individually and relationally. Chapters explore the larger patterns at play and identify the trends about what a modern "healthy marriage" looks like for this new generation. Brian J. Willoughby combines a …

  • Sex guilt or sanctification? The indirect role of religiosity on sexual satisfaction

    Nathan D Leonhardt, Dean Busby et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Religion and…•2020

    With a Mechanical Turk sample of 1,614 sexually active individuals (62.6% women, 85% heterosexual, mean age of 34.47 years) who had been in a committed sexual relationship for a least two years, we used structural equation modeling to better understand how global religiosity may indirectly influence sexual satisfaction. Because religiosity has been linked to the way people make sense of sexuality, we assessed positive (sexual sanctification) and …

  • Joint religiosity and married couples’ sexual satisfaction

    Jeffrey Dew, Jeffrey P Dew et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Religion and…•2020

    Although many studies have examined the association between religion and sexuality, the majority of these studies have focused on non marital sex. Unfortunately, despite the fact that a satisfying sexual relationship plays a critical role in married couples' relationship quality and stability, the associations between religiosity and marital sexual satisfaction are not well understood. Thus, to examine the association between religiosity and coup…

  • Do You Feel in Control? Sexual Desire, Sexual Passion Expression, and Associations with Perceived Compulsivity to Pornography and Pornography Use Frequency

    Open Access•Nathan D Leonhardt, Dean Busby et al.•ARTICLE•Sexuality Research and Social…•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 10

  • We want to be married on our own terms’: Non-university emerging adults’ marital beliefs and differences between men and women

    Nathan D Leonhardt, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Studies•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    To understand how non-university emerging adults think about marriage and how these beliefs differ by gender, we used a diverse national quantitative sample (Study 1, n = 667) from the United States and qualitative data (Study 2, n = 63) from participants of diverse geographic locations, also from the United States. Women and men valued marriage as a want rather than a need and embraced soulmate beliefs. In both quantitative (MANCOVA analyses) an…

  • Untangling the Porn Web: Creating an Organizing Framework for Pornography Research Among Couples

    Brian J Willoughby, Brian Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 106

    Research exploring the correlates, moderators, and potential consequences of viewing pornography for romantic couples has surged in recent years. Research in this area has primarily focused on the question of whether viewing pornography for either partner (or together) is related to enhanced, diminished, or has no effect on relational well-being. However, this narrow scholarly focus and the continued methodological limitations of research in this…

  • Measuring the Multidimensional Construct of Pornography: A Long and Short Version of the Pornography Usage Measure

    Open Access•Dean Busby, Dean M Busby et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2020•Cited by: 3•References: 25

  • Pornography use and romantic relationships: A dyadic daily diary study

    Open Access•Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Natalie O Rosen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2020•Cited by: 23•References: 40

    Pornography use is now considered a normative sexual activity, including for partnered individuals. Although there are documented positive and negative effects of pornography use on romantic relationships, studies to date suffer from key limitations, narrowing their clinical relevance. Most rely on vague recall measurement that may inadequately capture actual pornography use, and all are exclusively based on mixed-sex couples. This study used a 3…

Next
  • So Close, Yet So Far Away: The Impact of Varying Marital Horizons on Emerging Adulthood

    Open Access•Jason S Carroll, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2007•Cited by: 51•References: 8

    This article presents a marital horizon theory of emerging adulthood that posits that young people's perceptions of marriage are central factors in determining subgroup differences in the length of emerging adulthood as well as the specific behaviors that occur during this period in the family life cycle. The model was tested with a sample of 813 emerging adults who were recruited from six college sites across the country. Results demonstrated th…

  • Ready or Not: Criteria for Marriage Readiness Among Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Jason S Carroll, Sarah Badger et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2009•Cited by: 44•References: 6

    This study examined emerging adults' criteria for marriage readiness and explored how these criteria are associated with their current attitudes and behaviors. This article establishes the psychometric value of the Criteria for Marriage Readiness Questionnaire and reports on a study of 788 emerging adults recruited from five college sites across the country. Results showed that marriage readiness is viewed by emerging adults as a process of devel…

  • Marital Paradigms: A Conceptual Framework for Marital Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Scott S Hall et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2015•Cited by: 34•References: 63

    This article outlines a conceptual framework for summarizing the marital beliefs and values of individuals regardless of marital status. Drawing on concepts from symbolic interactionism and recent midrange theories of marital attitudes, we propose that marital beliefs can be conceptualized as an individual marital paradigm, which comprises both beliefs about getting married and beliefs about being married. Six interconnected dimensions of marital…

  • In the Eye of the Beholder: Exploring Variations in the Perceptions of Pornography

    Brian J Willoughby, Dean Busby•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2015•Cited by: 27•References: 2

    While many studies have explored the correlates and outcomes associated with pornography use, the measurement of such use has relied heavily on self-definitions of pornography from research participants, and little is known regarding how individuals define pornography for themselves. Using a diverse sample of 2,089 individuals sampled from the online MTurk Web site, participants were asked to rate whether they felt 20 different examples of sexual…

  • Differences in Pornography Use Among Couples: Associations with Satisfaction, Stability, and Relationship Processes

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2016•Cited by: 24•References: 40

  • Marital Attitude Trajectories Across Adolescence

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2010•Cited by: 24•References: 38

  • Pornography use and romantic relationships: A dyadic daily diary study

    Open Access•Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Natalie O Rosen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2020•Cited by: 23•References: 40

    Pornography use is now considered a normative sexual activity, including for partnered individuals. Although there are documented positive and negative effects of pornography use on romantic relationships, studies to date suffer from key limitations, narrowing their clinical relevance. Most rely on vague recall measurement that may inadequately capture actual pornography use, and all are exclusively based on mixed-sex couples. This study used a 3…

  • The Relationships Between Emerging Adults' Expressed Desire to Marry and Frequency of Participation in Risk-Taking Behaviors

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, J Dworkin•ARTICLE•Youth & Society•2009•Cited by: 22•References: 43

    The impact that desire to marry has on risk-taking behaviors during emerging adulthood is examined in the current investigation using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Looking both at the simple relationships between desire to marry and risk-taking behaviors, as well as the possible predictive power desire to marry could have on binge drinking, marijuana use, and sexual behavior…

  • Pornography, provocative sexual media, and their differing associations with multiple aspects of sexual satisfaction

    Open Access•Nathan D Leonhardt, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2019•Cited by: 19•References: 61

    Recent research has suggested that sexual content and sexual satisfaction are multifaceted. Yet, no study has parceled out how distinct aspects of sexual content may be associated with multiple aspects of sexual satisfaction. In this study of 858 individuals in a committed romantic relationship, we used structural equation models to evaluate how two components of sexual content (pornography use and provocative sexual media use) were associated wi…

  • Behind Closed Doors: Individual and Joint Pornography Use Among Romantic Couples

    Brian J Willoughby, Nathan D Leonhardt•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2018•Cited by: 19•References: 13

    Most previous research on the associations between pornography use and relational well-being has utilized individual data sets that have limited scholars' ability to truly understand the dyadic nature of pornography use within romantic couples. Using a dyadic data set of 240 committed heterosexual couples from the United States, we explored actor and partner associations between pornography use, sexual dynamics, and relational well-being. We also…

  • Patterns of sexual behavior and condom use in a cohort of homosexual men

    Martin T Schechter, Kevin J P Craib et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Public Health•1988•Cited by: 19•References: 9

    To measure the magnitude of risk reduction within a cohort of homosexual men, questionnaire responses in April 1984-March 1985 were compared to those in October 1986-September 1987. A total of 361 subjects were eligible (231 seronegative, 130 seropositive). The annual number of sex partners declined significantly from a median of 8.0 to 5.0 with no difference between the serologic groups. The number of subjects reporting no receptive anal interco…

  • A Dyadic Approach to Pornography Use and Relationship Satisfaction Among Heterosexual Couples: The Role of Pornography Acceptance and Anxious Attachment

    Megan K Maas, Sara A Vasilenko et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2018•Cited by: 16•References: 14

    The majority of research on pornography use within committed relationships has found such use to be associated with negative outcomes. However, given the variability in pornography use among couples, the current study sought to examine moderators in the association between pornography use and relationship satisfaction in a large sample of heterosexual matched-paired couples (N = 6,626). Actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) revealed that f…

  • When Are You Getting Married?' The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes Regarding Marital Timing and Marital Importance

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2012•Cited by: 14•References: 35

    Using a sample of 335 young adults and their parents, this study investigated the intergenerational transmission of marital attitudes from parents to their children and how parental marital quality moderates that relationship. Results suggested that the marital attitudes of both mothers and fathers are related to the marital attitudes of their children. Parents' marital quality had little direct impact on the marital attitudes of their young adul…

  • Using Marital Attitudes in Late Adolescence to Predict Later Union Transitions

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Youth & Society•2014•Cited by: 13•References: 24

    Using a sample of 982 late adolescents and tracking them throughout young adulthood, this study investigated whether marital attitudes held during the last year of high school were predictive of union transitions to both cohabitation and marriage during young adulthood. Results using both logistic regression and discrete event history models found that marital attitudes did not have significant associations with the transition to cohabitation but…

  • "The different effects of "living together: Determining and comparing types of cohabiting couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2012•Cited by: 13•References: 46

    Utilizing a sample of 1365 never-married cohabiting couples, we developed a typology of premarital cohabitation. Latent class analysis was used to create a five-class model of cohabiting couples who were then compared to engaged and non-engaged non-cohabiting couples on measures of interpersonal dynamics and relational outcomes. Results suggested that being in different types of cohabiting relationships was associated with different risks and ben…

  • Damaged Goods: Perception of Pornography Addiction as a Mediator Between Religiosity and Relationship Anxiety Surrounding Pornography Use

    Nathan D Leonhardt, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2017•Cited by: 12•References: 5

    Recent research on pornography suggests that perception of addiction predicts negative outcomes above and beyond pornography use. Research has also suggested that religious individuals are more likely to perceive themselves to be addicted to pornography, regardless of how often they are actually using pornography. Using a sample of 686 unmarried adults, this study reconciles and expands on previous research by testing perceived addiction to porno…

  • Exploring Trajectories of Pornography Use Through Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

    Brian J Willoughby, Bonnie Young-Petersen et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2017•Cited by: 11•References: 8

    While the scholarly literature on pornography use is growing, much of this literature has examined pornography use as a static feature that does not change. Despite this trend, pornography use, like most sexual behaviors, is likely best viewed as a dynamic feature that may shift across the developmental life span. Using a sample of 908 adults from the United States, retrospective data on pornography use through adolescence and emerging adulthood …

  • Associations between attempts at physical intimacy and relational outcomes among cohabiting and married couples

    Open Access•Chelom E Leavitt, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2015•Cited by: 11•References: 50

    Attempting to initiate physical intimacy with a partner has traditionally been explored through the lens of sexual pressure and coercion and linked to negative couple outcomes. The present study utilized a sample of 397 male/female couples in committed relationships (married and cohabiting) to explore more generally how attempts at sexual intimacy were associated with varying relational outcomes. Results suggested that unlike previously establish…

  • Exploring the Effects of Sexual Desire Discrepancy Among Married Couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Adam Farero et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2014•Cited by: 11•References: 35

  • Longitudinal Links between Pornography Use, Marital Importance, and Permissive Sexuality During Emerging Adulthood

    Nathan D Leonhardt, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Marriage & Family Review•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 59

    Limited research exists concerning pornography’s influence on emerging adult’s relationship trajectories, with no research examining how pornography use predicts emerging adults’ beliefs about marriage. The study includes cross-sectional results of 568 emerging adults and longitudinal results of 142 participants who were followed from the original sample. Regression analyses found that pornography use was cross sectionally associated with a highe…

  • Sexual Desire Discrepancy: The Effect of Individual Differences in Desired and Actual Sexual Frequency on Dating Couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jennifer M Vitas et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2012•Cited by: 8•References: 42

  • Differing Relationship Outcomes When Sex Happens Before, On, or After First Dates

    Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2012•Cited by: 7•References: 6

    While recent studies have suggested that the timing of sexual initiation within a couple's romantic relationship has important associations with later relationship success, few studies have examined how such timing is associated with relationship quality among unmarried couples. Using a sample of 10,932 individuals in unmarried, romantic relationships, we examined how four sexual-timing patterns (i.e., having sex prior to dating, initiating sex o…

  • I'm Scared because Divorce Sucks: Parental Divorce and the Marital Paradigms of Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, L James et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2020•Cited by: 6•References: 38

    Previous studies have suggested that parental divorce influences the relational beliefs and orientation toward marriage of adolescents and emerging adults. Most of this previous work has been limited to links between parental divorce and global attitudes toward marriage or attitudes toward divorce. Using a mixed-method design, the current study explored links between parental divorce and various aspects of emerging adults' marital paradigms using…

  • A Common-Fate Analysis of Pornography Acceptance, Use, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Heterosexual Married Couples

    Open Access•Cameron C Brown, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2017•Cited by: 6•References: 40

  • Context Matters: Moderating Effects in the Associations between Pornography Use, Perceived Addiction, and Relationship Well-being

    Brian J Willoughby, Carson R Dover•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 6

    While perceived addiction and religiosity have been key contextual factors in understanding the link between pornography use and personal distress, these contextual factors have been explored less in the relational literature. Using a large nonprobability convenience sample from the United States, a moderated mediation model of the association between pornography use alone and two key indicators of relationship quality (relationship satisfaction …

  • Patterns of sexual behavior and condom use in a cohort of homosexual men

    Martin T Schechter, Kevin J P Craib et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Public Health•1988•Cited by: 19•References: 9

    To measure the magnitude of risk reduction within a cohort of homosexual men, questionnaire responses in April 1984-March 1985 were compared to those in October 1986-September 1987. A total of 361 subjects were eligible (231 seronegative, 130 seropositive). The annual number of sex partners declined significantly from a median of 8.0 to 5.0 with no difference between the serologic groups. The number of subjects reporting no receptive anal interco…

  • So Close, Yet So Far Away: The Impact of Varying Marital Horizons on Emerging Adulthood

    Open Access•Jason S Carroll, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2007•Cited by: 51•References: 8

    This article presents a marital horizon theory of emerging adulthood that posits that young people's perceptions of marriage are central factors in determining subgroup differences in the length of emerging adulthood as well as the specific behaviors that occur during this period in the family life cycle. The model was tested with a sample of 813 emerging adults who were recruited from six college sites across the country. Results demonstrated th…

  • The Decline of In Loco Parentis and the Shift to Coed Housing on College Campuses

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 1

    Many universities have changed their policies regarding the nature of on-campus housing—shifting from gender-specific to coed dorms. This study examines the scope of that transition in the United States. From a sampling of 100 universities in the United States, including the nation's 50 largest universities, it was found that the vast majority of on-campus housing is currently coed in nature. Anecdotal information provided by the housing offices …

  • Ready or Not: Criteria for Marriage Readiness Among Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Jason S Carroll, Sarah Badger et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2009•Cited by: 44•References: 6

    This study examined emerging adults' criteria for marriage readiness and explored how these criteria are associated with their current attitudes and behaviors. This article establishes the psychometric value of the Criteria for Marriage Readiness Questionnaire and reports on a study of 788 emerging adults recruited from five college sites across the country. Results showed that marriage readiness is viewed by emerging adults as a process of devel…

  • The Relationships Between Emerging Adults' Expressed Desire to Marry and Frequency of Participation in Risk-Taking Behaviors

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, J Dworkin•ARTICLE•Youth & Society•2009•Cited by: 22•References: 43

    The impact that desire to marry has on risk-taking behaviors during emerging adulthood is examined in the current investigation using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Looking both at the simple relationships between desire to marry and risk-taking behaviors, as well as the possible predictive power desire to marry could have on binge drinking, marijuana use, and sexual behavior…

  • Marital Attitude Trajectories Across Adolescence

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2010•Cited by: 24•References: 38

  • Reasons for Divorce and Openness to Marital Reconciliation

    Alan J Hawkins, Brian J Willoughby et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Divorce & Remarriage•2012

    This study explores the factors that divorcing couples say contributed to the breakdown of their marriage and how those factors are related to thoughts and interest in reconciliation. A sample of 886 individual divorcing parents in Hennepin County, Minnesota, in 2008 responded to a brief survey after mandated parenting classes. The two most common reasons given for seeking a divorce were “growing apart” (55%) and “not able to talk together” (53%)…

  • The Emergence of Gender-Neutral Housing on American University Campuses

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jeffrey K Larsen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Adolescent Research•2012•Cited by: 4•References: 4

    American college housing is beginning to introduce gender-neutral housing, or the housing of students in the same room regardless of gender. This study provides a descriptive overview of gender-neutral housing from 148 universities and documents central areas of debate in current policy discussions. Information regarding gender-neutral housing policies and practices at each of these campuses was collected. Results suggest that gender-neutral hous…

  • Differing Relationship Outcomes When Sex Happens Before, On, or After First Dates

    Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2012•Cited by: 7•References: 6

    While recent studies have suggested that the timing of sexual initiation within a couple's romantic relationship has important associations with later relationship success, few studies have examined how such timing is associated with relationship quality among unmarried couples. Using a sample of 10,932 individuals in unmarried, romantic relationships, we examined how four sexual-timing patterns (i.e., having sex prior to dating, initiating sex o…

  • Sexual Desire Discrepancy: The Effect of Individual Differences in Desired and Actual Sexual Frequency on Dating Couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jennifer M Vitas et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2012•Cited by: 8•References: 42

  • Sooner or later? The marital horizons of parents and their emerging adult children

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Chad D Olson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2012•Cited by: 5•References: 27

    Grounded in a marital horizon theory of emerging adulthood, this article presents a study that provides an evaluation of the differences between parents' and emerging adults' views about marriage. Using a sample of 536 emerging adults and their parents (446 mothers, 360 fathers) recruited from five college sites from across the United States, the study sought to identify parents' marital ideals for their children and to investigate how these atti…

  • "The different effects of "living together: Determining and comparing types of cohabiting couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2012•Cited by: 13•References: 46

    Utilizing a sample of 1365 never-married cohabiting couples, we developed a typology of premarital cohabitation. Latent class analysis was used to create a five-class model of cohabiting couples who were then compared to engaged and non-engaged non-cohabiting couples on measures of interpersonal dynamics and relational outcomes. Results suggested that being in different types of cohabiting relationships was associated with different risks and ben…

  • Correlates of Attitudes Toward Cohabitation: Looking at the Associations With Demographics, Relational Attitudes, and Dating Behavior

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2012•Cited by: 5•References: 45

    The present study examines how demographics, attitudes toward marriage, attitudes toward sexual activity, sexual behaviors, and dating experience are associated with three different attitudes toward cohabitation among never-married young adults. Results from a sample of 1,036 young adult college students suggest that the endorsement of cohabitation is strongly associated with permissive attitudes toward sex. Young adults who held positive attitud…

  • When Are You Getting Married?' The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes Regarding Marital Timing and Marital Importance

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Family Issues•2012•Cited by: 14•References: 35

    Using a sample of 335 young adults and their parents, this study investigated the intergenerational transmission of marital attitudes from parents to their children and how parental marital quality moderates that relationship. Results suggested that the marital attitudes of both mothers and fathers are related to the marital attitudes of their children. Parents' marital quality had little direct impact on the marital attitudes of their young adul…

  • Sowing wild oats: Valuable experience or a field full of weeds

    Open Access•Dean Busby, Dean M Busby et al.•ARTICLE•Personal Relationships•2013

    In this study, the association was explored between the number of sexual partners individuals had in their lifetimes and martial outcomes. The research objective was to test whether the number of sexual partners was associated with sexual quality, communication, relationship satisfaction, and relationship stability, while controlling for relationship length, education, race, income, age, and religiosity, using the two competing theories of sexual…

  • Emerging Adult Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors: Does Shyness Matter?

    Open Access•Stephanie S Luster, Larry J Nelson et al.•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2013

    Numerous studies have shown how shyness affects individuals in childhood and adolescence; however, little is known about the effects shyness may have in emerging adulthood. This study addressed how shyness may be associated with sexual attitudes and behaviors of emerging adult men and women. Participants included 717 students from four college sites across the United States, who were largely female (69%), European American (69%), unmarried (100%)…

  • Changes in Marital Beliefs Among Emerging Adults: Examining Marital Paradigms Over Time

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Melissa Medaris et al.•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2014

    Although research on marital beliefs among emerging adults has increased in recent years, most studies assume that marital beliefs are static features of emerging adulthood. Using a sample of 134 emerging adults in the United States tracked over a 1-year period, we explored if these emerging adults exhibited changes in their marital beliefs over time and what predicted such changes. We found that emerging adults in the sample showed significant g…

  • Enthusiasts, Delayers, and the Ambiguous Middle: Marital Paradigms Among Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Scott S Hall•ARTICLE•Emerging Adulthood•2014

    Utilizing a sample of 571 college students, we examined the varying marital paradigms held by emerging adults. Drawing on Marital Paradigm Theory, we explored how beliefs about Marital Salience, timing, process, context, permanence, and centrality created unique paradigms about marriage. We found evidence that emerging adults can be separated into at least three marital paradigms, labeled Enthusiast, Delayer, and Hesitant. We found that most emer…

  • Associations between relational sexual behaviour, pornography use, and pornography acceptance among US college students

    Brian J Willoughby, Jason S Carroll et al.•ARTICLE•Culture Health & Sexuality•2014

    Pornography use among emerging adults in the USA has increased in recent decades, as has the acceptance of such consumption. While previous research has linked pornography use to both positive and negative outcomes in emerging adult populations, few studies have investigated how attitudes toward pornography may alter these associations, or how examining pornography use together with other sexual behaviours may offer unique insights into the outco…

  • Exploring the Effects of Sexual Desire Discrepancy Among Married Couples

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby, Adam Farero et al.•ARTICLE•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2014•Cited by: 11•References: 35

  • Using Marital Attitudes in Late Adolescence to Predict Later Union Transitions

    Open Access•Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Youth & Society•2014•Cited by: 13•References: 24

    Using a sample of 982 late adolescents and tracking them throughout young adulthood, this study investigated whether marital attitudes held during the last year of high school were predictive of union transitions to both cohabitation and marriage during young adulthood. Results using both logistic regression and discrete event history models found that marital attitudes did not have significant associations with the transition to cohabitation but…

  • A Cross-Cultural Study of Perceived Marital Problems in Taiwan and the United States

    Open Access•Li Ping Su, Richard B Miller et al.•ARTICLE•Contemporary Family Therapy•2015•Cited by: 5•References: 9

  • Want to Stay Over?” Demographic, Intrapersonal, and Relational Differences Among Those Who Date, Stay-Over, and Cohabit

    Brian J Willoughby, BreeAnne Madsen et al.•ARTICLE•Marriage & Family Review•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 37

    This study explored the potential uniqueness of staying over, or spending the night with a romantic partner, as a relationship status. Using a recent sample of 2,304 individuals in romantic relationships, we explored how staying over might be associated with demographic, intrapersonal, and relational characteristics. Results suggested that individuals in “stay-over relationships” were similar to those in dating relationships and that cohabiters, …

  • In the Eye of the Beholder: Exploring Variations in the Perceptions of Pornography

    Brian J Willoughby, Dean Busby•ARTICLE•The Journal of Sex Research•2015•Cited by: 27•References: 2

    While many studies have explored the correlates and outcomes associated with pornography use, the measurement of such use has relied heavily on self-definitions of pornography from research participants, and little is known regarding how individuals define pornography for themselves. Using a diverse sample of 2,089 individuals sampled from the online MTurk Web site, participants were asked to rate whether they felt 20 different examples of sexual…

  • Associations between attempts at physical intimacy and relational outcomes among cohabiting and married couples

    Open Access•Chelom E Leavitt, Brian J Willoughby•ARTICLE•Journal of Social and Personal…•2015•Cited by: 11•References: 50

    Attempting to initiate physical intimacy with a partner has traditionally been explored through the lens of sexual pressure and coercion and linked to negative couple outcomes. The present study utilized a sample of 397 male/female couples in committed relationships (married and cohabiting) to explore more generally how attempts at sexual intimacy were associated with varying relational outcomes. Results suggested that unlike previously establish…

Psychology (71 works) · Social Psychology (57 works) · Developmental psychology (49 works) · Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology (31 works) · Sociology (30 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (28 works) · Pornography (26 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (25 works) · Gender, Feminism, and Media (25 works)

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