Francesco Scalone
Biographic Data
| ID | 233065 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Francesco Scalone |
| GIVEN NAMES | Francesco |
| FAMILY NAME | Scalone |
| SIGNATURE | SCALONE F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bologna |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8240-0662 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 189 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Living Arrangements and Social Inheritance among Second-Generation Immigrants in the United States at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Children of immigrants experience similar socioeconomic and institutional contexts as the majority population but are also influenced by cultural norms inherited from their parents' countries of origin. Data from 1910, 1920, and 1930 census samples indicate how the country of origin influences the living arrangements of European second-generation immigrants in the United States. The findings suggest that children of immigrants tend to stay longer…
Social-class differences in spacing and stopping during the historical fertility transition
BACKGROUND There is a long-standing debate about the role of spacing and stopping in the fertility transition, which has been fueled by lack of methods to appropriately model spacing and stopping. Traditional event-history analysis cannot distinguish the two processes in analyzing the determinants of birth risks and attempts to separately model spacing and stopping have been criticized from a methodological point of view. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to …
Religious affiliation and child mortality in Ireland
Previous studies have identified a link between religious affiliation and child mortality, yet the underlying factors that contributed to this association are not fully understood. This study investigates how religious affiliation might have influenced child mortality in early 20th- century Ireland, having controlled for socio-economic status, literacy, and place of residence at both individual and contextual levels. We utilize the 1911 IPUMS Iri…
Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital
Ireland is often seen as an outlier within the western world in terms of demographic behavior. As a society it has also been noted for its religious fervor, including religious division, at least until fairly recently. Might there be connections historically between these two spheres? One intriguing area of enquiry relates to possible links between religious denomination and child mortality. We explore this possibility using individual-level data…
Variations in male height during the epidemiological transition in Italy
The historical demography literature has a longstanding interest in establishing a connection between human body development and the living conditions experienced during infancy and childhood. Empirical research on such matters increasingly relies on survi
SES differences in marital fertility widened during the fertility transition—evidence from global micro-level population data
The decline in human fertility during the demographic transition is one of the most profound changes to human living conditions. To gain a better understanding of this transition we investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and marital fertility in different fertility regimes in a global and historical perspective. We use data for a large number women in 91 different countries for the period 1703–2018 (N = 116,612,473). In th…
The human sex ratio at birth and late fetal mortality
hypothesis selection
Immigration and Child Mortality
The societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can…
Spatial and Social Distance at the Onset of the Fertility Transition
Most studies on the fertility transition have focused either on macro-level trends or on micro-level patterns with limited geographic scope. Much less attention has been given to the interplay between individual characteristics and contextual conditions, including geographic location. Here we investigate the relevance of geography and socioeconomic status for understanding fertility variation in the initial phase of the Swedish fertility transiti…
Migration, marriage and social mobility
Becoming American
Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of agg…
Neonatal mortality, cold weather, and socioeconomic status in two northern Italian rural parishes, 1820-1900
Cold-related conditions represent one of the most common causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The effects of cold external temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition recently have attracted scholarly interes
Testing child-woman ratios and the own-children method on the 1900 Sweden census
Focusing on the Swedish census of 1900, the child-woman ratio and own-children method have been applied to assess socioeconomic differences in fertility. These indirect estimates of fertility have been compared to the vital statistics at the national level to assess their reliability. This comparison demonstrated that the estimated results suffered from few errors. Even if these indirect estimates of fertility could be affected by possible socioe…
Exploring unobserved heterogeneity in perinatal and neonatal mortality risks
Previous researchers have found that traditional determinants explain only a limited part of the variation in perinatal and infant mortality at the family level. In the study reported in this paper, we explored the factors that make the perinatal/neonatal death risk more heterogeneous across families. We estimated logistic regressions with cluster random effects at the maternal level, using data from the Italian village of Granarolo from 1900 to …
Does socioeconomic status matter? The fertility transition in a northern Italian village (marriage cohorts 1900-1940)
The paper explores the mechanisms of the European fertility transition in northern Italy by social group
Is It Who You Are or Where You Live? Community Effects on Net Fertility at the Onset of Fertility Decline
This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within‐area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between‐area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influence in the past but that it decreased over time as …
Social and Economic Determinants of Reproductive Behavior Before the Fertility Decline. The Case of Six Italian Communities During the Nineteenth Century
The impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the historical fertility decline
We used micro-level data from the censuses of 1900 to investigate the impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the fertility transition in five Northern American and European countries (Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the USA). The study is therefore unlike most previous research on the historical fertility transition, which used aggregate data to examine economic correlates of demographic behaviour at regional or national lev…
Effects of nutritional stress and socio-economic status on maternal mortality in six German villages, 1766-1863
We examined the effects of nutritional stress on maternal mortality arising from short-term economic crises in eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century Germany, and how these effects might have been mitigated by socio-economic status. Historical data from six German villages were used to assess how socio-economic conditions and short-term economic crises following poor harvests may have affected maternal mortality. The results show that 1 year a…
Social class and net fertility before, during, and after the demographic transition
Although demographers have long been interested in studying the historical fertility transition, there is still a lack of knowledge about disaggregated patterns. Identifying these patterns could help us to better understand the mechanisms behind the transi
Reproductive Behavior during the Pre-Transitional Period
A longitudinal, micro-level study of the effect of socioeconomic transformations on fertility mechanisms in the rural hinterland of Bologna between 1818 and 1900 (the beginning of the demographic transition) demonstrates that the premature death of a last-born child reduces the interval between two consecutive childbirths. Thus does it confirm the importance of breast-feeding in determining birth spacing. Women living in complex sharecropping hou…
Detecting Deliberate Fertility Control in Pre-transitional Populations
Detecting Deliberate Fertility Control in Pre-transitional Populations
The impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the historical fertility decline
We used micro-level data from the censuses of 1900 to investigate the impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the fertility transition in five Northern American and European countries (Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the USA). The study is therefore unlike most previous research on the historical fertility transition, which used aggregate data to examine economic correlates of demographic behaviour at regional or national lev…
Social class and net fertility before, during, and after the demographic transition
Although demographers have long been interested in studying the historical fertility transition, there is still a lack of knowledge about disaggregated patterns. Identifying these patterns could help us to better understand the mechanisms behind the transi
Migration, marriage and social mobility
Is It Who You Are or Where You Live? Community Effects on Net Fertility at the Onset of Fertility Decline
This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within‐area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between‐area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influence in the past but that it decreased over time as …
Immigration and Child Mortality
The societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can…
Testing child-woman ratios and the own-children method on the 1900 Sweden census
Focusing on the Swedish census of 1900, the child-woman ratio and own-children method have been applied to assess socioeconomic differences in fertility. These indirect estimates of fertility have been compared to the vital statistics at the national level to assess their reliability. This comparison demonstrated that the estimated results suffered from few errors. Even if these indirect estimates of fertility could be affected by possible socioe…
Spatial and Social Distance at the Onset of the Fertility Transition
Most studies on the fertility transition have focused either on macro-level trends or on micro-level patterns with limited geographic scope. Much less attention has been given to the interplay between individual characteristics and contextual conditions, including geographic location. Here we investigate the relevance of geography and socioeconomic status for understanding fertility variation in the initial phase of the Swedish fertility transiti…
Neonatal mortality, cold weather, and socioeconomic status in two northern Italian rural parishes, 1820-1900
Cold-related conditions represent one of the most common causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The effects of cold external temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition recently have attracted scholarly interes
Reproductive Behavior during the Pre-Transitional Period
A longitudinal, micro-level study of the effect of socioeconomic transformations on fertility mechanisms in the rural hinterland of Bologna between 1818 and 1900 (the beginning of the demographic transition) demonstrates that the premature death of a last-born child reduces the interval between two consecutive childbirths. Thus does it confirm the importance of breast-feeding in determining birth spacing. Women living in complex sharecropping hou…
The human sex ratio at birth and late fetal mortality
hypothesis selection
Exploring unobserved heterogeneity in perinatal and neonatal mortality risks
Previous researchers have found that traditional determinants explain only a limited part of the variation in perinatal and infant mortality at the family level. In the study reported in this paper, we explored the factors that make the perinatal/neonatal death risk more heterogeneous across families. We estimated logistic regressions with cluster random effects at the maternal level, using data from the Italian village of Granarolo from 1900 to …
Social and Economic Determinants of Reproductive Behavior Before the Fertility Decline. The Case of Six Italian Communities During the Nineteenth Century
Effects of nutritional stress and socio-economic status on maternal mortality in six German villages, 1766-1863
We examined the effects of nutritional stress on maternal mortality arising from short-term economic crises in eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century Germany, and how these effects might have been mitigated by socio-economic status. Historical data from six German villages were used to assess how socio-economic conditions and short-term economic crises following poor harvests may have affected maternal mortality. The results show that 1 year a…
Becoming American
Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of agg…
Does socioeconomic status matter? The fertility transition in a northern Italian village (marriage cohorts 1900-1940)
The paper explores the mechanisms of the European fertility transition in northern Italy by social group
Religious affiliation and child mortality in Ireland
Previous studies have identified a link between religious affiliation and child mortality, yet the underlying factors that contributed to this association are not fully understood. This study investigates how religious affiliation might have influenced child mortality in early 20th- century Ireland, having controlled for socio-economic status, literacy, and place of residence at both individual and contextual levels. We utilize the 1911 IPUMS Iri…
Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital
Ireland is often seen as an outlier within the western world in terms of demographic behavior. As a society it has also been noted for its religious fervor, including religious division, at least until fairly recently. Might there be connections historically between these two spheres? One intriguing area of enquiry relates to possible links between religious denomination and child mortality. We explore this possibility using individual-level data…
Detecting Deliberate Fertility Control in Pre-transitional Populations
Reproductive Behavior during the Pre-Transitional Period
A longitudinal, micro-level study of the effect of socioeconomic transformations on fertility mechanisms in the rural hinterland of Bologna between 1818 and 1900 (the beginning of the demographic transition) demonstrates that the premature death of a last-born child reduces the interval between two consecutive childbirths. Thus does it confirm the importance of breast-feeding in determining birth spacing. Women living in complex sharecropping hou…
Social and Economic Determinants of Reproductive Behavior Before the Fertility Decline. The Case of Six Italian Communities During the Nineteenth Century
The impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the historical fertility decline
We used micro-level data from the censuses of 1900 to investigate the impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the fertility transition in five Northern American and European countries (Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the USA). The study is therefore unlike most previous research on the historical fertility transition, which used aggregate data to examine economic correlates of demographic behaviour at regional or national lev…
Effects of nutritional stress and socio-economic status on maternal mortality in six German villages, 1766-1863
We examined the effects of nutritional stress on maternal mortality arising from short-term economic crises in eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century Germany, and how these effects might have been mitigated by socio-economic status. Historical data from six German villages were used to assess how socio-economic conditions and short-term economic crises following poor harvests may have affected maternal mortality. The results show that 1 year a…
Social class and net fertility before, during, and after the demographic transition
Although demographers have long been interested in studying the historical fertility transition, there is still a lack of knowledge about disaggregated patterns. Identifying these patterns could help us to better understand the mechanisms behind the transi
Is It Who You Are or Where You Live? Community Effects on Net Fertility at the Onset of Fertility Decline
This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within‐area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between‐area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influence in the past but that it decreased over time as …
Testing child-woman ratios and the own-children method on the 1900 Sweden census
Focusing on the Swedish census of 1900, the child-woman ratio and own-children method have been applied to assess socioeconomic differences in fertility. These indirect estimates of fertility have been compared to the vital statistics at the national level to assess their reliability. This comparison demonstrated that the estimated results suffered from few errors. Even if these indirect estimates of fertility could be affected by possible socioe…
Exploring unobserved heterogeneity in perinatal and neonatal mortality risks
Previous researchers have found that traditional determinants explain only a limited part of the variation in perinatal and infant mortality at the family level. In the study reported in this paper, we explored the factors that make the perinatal/neonatal death risk more heterogeneous across families. We estimated logistic regressions with cluster random effects at the maternal level, using data from the Italian village of Granarolo from 1900 to …
Does socioeconomic status matter? The fertility transition in a northern Italian village (marriage cohorts 1900-1940)
The paper explores the mechanisms of the European fertility transition in northern Italy by social group
Becoming American
Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of agg…
Neonatal mortality, cold weather, and socioeconomic status in two northern Italian rural parishes, 1820-1900
Cold-related conditions represent one of the most common causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The effects of cold external temperatures on neonatal mortality at the onset of demographic transition recently have attracted scholarly interes
Spatial and Social Distance at the Onset of the Fertility Transition
Most studies on the fertility transition have focused either on macro-level trends or on micro-level patterns with limited geographic scope. Much less attention has been given to the interplay between individual characteristics and contextual conditions, including geographic location. Here we investigate the relevance of geography and socioeconomic status for understanding fertility variation in the initial phase of the Swedish fertility transiti…
Migration, marriage and social mobility
Immigration and Child Mortality
The societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can…
SES differences in marital fertility widened during the fertility transition—evidence from global micro-level population data
The decline in human fertility during the demographic transition is one of the most profound changes to human living conditions. To gain a better understanding of this transition we investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and marital fertility in different fertility regimes in a global and historical perspective. We use data for a large number women in 91 different countries for the period 1703–2018 (N = 116,612,473). In th…
The human sex ratio at birth and late fetal mortality
hypothesis selection
Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital
Ireland is often seen as an outlier within the western world in terms of demographic behavior. As a society it has also been noted for its religious fervor, including religious division, at least until fairly recently. Might there be connections historically between these two spheres? One intriguing area of enquiry relates to possible links between religious denomination and child mortality. We explore this possibility using individual-level data…
Variations in male height during the epidemiological transition in Italy
The historical demography literature has a longstanding interest in establishing a connection between human body development and the living conditions experienced during infancy and childhood. Empirical research on such matters increasingly relies on survi
Social-class differences in spacing and stopping during the historical fertility transition
BACKGROUND There is a long-standing debate about the role of spacing and stopping in the fertility transition, which has been fueled by lack of methods to appropriately model spacing and stopping. Traditional event-history analysis cannot distinguish the two processes in analyzing the determinants of birth risks and attempts to separately model spacing and stopping have been criticized from a methodological point of view. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to …
Religious affiliation and child mortality in Ireland
Previous studies have identified a link between religious affiliation and child mortality, yet the underlying factors that contributed to this association are not fully understood. This study investigates how religious affiliation might have influenced child mortality in early 20th- century Ireland, having controlled for socio-economic status, literacy, and place of residence at both individual and contextual levels. We utilize the 1911 IPUMS Iri…
Living Arrangements and Social Inheritance among Second-Generation Immigrants in the United States at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Children of immigrants experience similar socioeconomic and institutional contexts as the majority population but are also influenced by cultural norms inherited from their parents' countries of origin. Data from 1910, 1920, and 1930 census samples indicate how the country of origin influences the living arrangements of European second-generation immigrants in the United States. The findings suggest that children of immigrants tend to stay longer…
Demography (22 works) · Population (21 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Geography (18 works) · Economics (14 works) · Fertility (13 works) · Socioeconomic status (13 works) · Demographic economics (11 works) · Biology (9 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (9 works)