Jeffrey W Lucas
Biographic Data
| ID | 233965 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jeffrey W Lucas |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jeffrey W |
| FAMILY NAME | Lucas |
| SIGNATURE | LUCAS J W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Maryland, College Park |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8272-7347 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 306 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in Military Services: Culture, Hypermasculinity, and the Futility of Zero-Tolerance Approaches
This introduction to the Special Forum on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in Military Services begins with a discussion of zero-tolerance approaches to sexual assault and sexual harassment, arguing that such approaches tend to be ineffective and result in problematic outcomes. Furthermore, zero-tolerance approaches are associated with the same hypermasculine cultural practices that contribute to the prevalence of sexual assault and sexual ha…
Perceptions of Espoused Versus Enacted Culture Around Sexual Misconduct and Other Offenses Among U.S. Military Service Members
Interviews and focus groups with active-duty U.S. military service members and students at military service academies investigated relationships between espoused and enacted culture in perceptions of sexual assault and harassment versus other types of offenses. Results show that participants widely understood and accepted an espoused culture that is intolerant of sexual misconduct. The enacted culture included tolerance of some forms of sexual mi…
Influence and Social Distance Consequences across Categories of Race and Mental Illness
This paper describes an experimental study (N = 184) that investigated influence and social distance consequences of a number of attributes in interpersonal interactions. The attributes included race, education, panic disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real and who represented the attributes studied. Participants had opportunities to be influenced by and seek distance …
A comparison of status and stigma processes: Explicit and implicit appraisals of “mentally ill people” and “uneducated people
In prior work, we proposed that the related processes of status differentiation and stigmatization both diminish the status of negatively labeled groups, but that only stigma also engenders social rejection, in part via appraisals of abnormality (Lucas, & Phelan, 2012, Phelan, Lucas, Ridgeway, & Tay
Group Processes
The group processes perspective is one of the three “faces” of sociological social psychology. Work in this tradition is characterized by development of formal theories, testing of hypotheses derived from the theories, and theoretical growth through a process of revision and expansion of the scope of theories. Because of their ability to isolate social processes and their amenability to testing formal theories, experiments are the methodological …
Research on physical disability in sociological social psychology: The state of the field and future directions
We discuss the state of the research literature on physical disability in sociology, focusing particularly on social psychology. We first trace the history of treatments of disability in the field, noting a movement from a medical model that located disability in the individual to a social model that recognizes physical disability as an important social characteristic that is both produced by and has important consequences for social interactions…
Effects of Social Context on Holistic Versus Analytic Orientation: A Cross-Cultural Experiment
An experiment carried out in the United States and China investigated how social context affects cognitive orientation. Explanations for cultural differences in cognitive orientation is that they are rooted in agricultural practices that encourage relatively more holistic or analytic orientations. Recent work has proposed that social network structures might lead to more holistic orientations in two ways—by leading individuals to feel strong soci…
The stigma of mental illness in the labor market
Status- and Stigma-related Consequences of Military Service and PTSD: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
This article describes an experimental study that investigates the status- and stigma-related consequences of military service and of experiences in war resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the study, participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real in four conditions: a control condition, a condition in which the 'partner' was in the military, a condition in which the 'partner' was a war veteran who …
Stigma, status, and population health
Considerations on the 'Replication Problem' in Sociology
The replication problem and its implications for policy studies
In this article we re-examine the epistemological basis for claims to ‘best evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in policy studies by tracing these to a Popperian model of theory development and testing. This model outlines how only scientific explanations that survive repeated testing count as good theory. Yet repeated testing (replication) is scarce across the social sciences – this is the ‘replication problem’. More specifically, the lack of replicat…
Stigma and Status: The Interrelation of Two Theoretical Perspectives
This article explicates and distinguishes the processes that produce status orders and those that produce stigmatization. It describes an experimental study in which participants were assigned interaction partners before completing a task where they had opportunities to be influenced by the partners and opportunities to socially reject the partners. Results show clear influence effects of educational attainment and mental illness but no effects f…
Power, Influence, and Diversity in Organizations
This article summarizes literatures on power, status, and influence in sociology's group processes tradition and applies them to issues of diversity in organizations. Power-defined as the ability to impose one's will even against resistance from others-results primarily from position in a social structure. Influence-defined as compelling behavior change without threat of punishment or promise of reward-results largely from the respect and esteem …
Structural Functional Theory
Structural functional theory holds that society is best understood as a complex system with various interdependent parts that work together to increase stability. For most of the twentieth century the structural functional perspective (also called functionalism) was the dominant sociological approach in the US and Western Europe. Although the label structural functional theory has subsumed multiple perspectives, there are a few basic elements tha…
Group Processes
Sociology's group processes perspective is one of the three “faces” of sociological social psychology (Smith‐Lovin & Molm 2000). The perspective is characterized by theoretical development and basic research on fundamental social processes that occur in group contexts. Work in the group processes tradition dates to scholars who were interested in the interactions of individuals in small groups. As the perspective has developed, its focus has larg…
Misconduct in the Prosecution of Severe Crimes: Theory and Experimental Test
Prosecutorial misconduct involves the intentional use of illegal or improper methods for attaining convictions against defendants in criminal trials. Previous research documented extensive errors in the prosecution of severe crimes. A theory formulated to explain this phenomenon proposes that in serious cases, increased pressure to convict encourages misconduct; further, serious cases increase perceptions of the suspect's guilt, which facilitate …
Stereotype Threat and Differential Expected Consequences: Explaining Group Differences in Mental Ability Test Scores
Why do some groups of students score lower than do others on standardized tests? Stereotype threat theory proposes that added pressure from the threat of confirming a negative stereotype impairs test performance. A related theory of differential expected consequences proposes that low-status test takers also expect negative consequences from doing too well on the test. Two laboratory studies investigated whether stereotype threat, differential ex…
Cognitions, Emotions, and Identities
Status Processes and the Institutionalization of Women as Leaders
Socially disadvantaged individuals often encounter resistance when they rise to high-status positions. For example, women, according to status characteristics theory, will be disadvantaged relative to men in social interactions, other things being equal. Institutionalizing women as leaders may overcome such disadvantages. Drawing from status characteristics theory and institutional theory, it is predicted that institutionalization of female leade…
Theory-Testing, Generalization, and the Problem of External Validity
External validity refers to the generalization of research findings, either from a sample to a larger population or to settings and populations other than those studied. While definitions vary, discussions generally agree that experiments are lower in external validity than other methodological approaches. Further, external validity is widely treated as an issue to be addressed through methodological procedures. When testing theories, all measure…
Behavioral and Emotional Outcomes of Leadership in Task Groups
Leadership Status, Gender, Group Size, and Emotion in Face-to-Face Groups
In two experiments, we investigated the emotional reactions of group members in typical face-to-face interaction on different tasks. Results from both experiments supported the proposition that high-status group leaders would report more positive emotional reactions to group work than would non-leaders. We also found that women reported more positive emotion than men. Unexpectedly, we also found that women leaders were rated more likable than oth…
Status Processes and Mental Ability Test Scores
The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Ra…
Status Processes and the Institutionalization of Women as Leaders
Socially disadvantaged individuals often encounter resistance when they rise to high-status positions. For example, women, according to status characteristics theory, will be disadvantaged relative to men in social interactions, other things being equal. Institutionalizing women as leaders may overcome such disadvantages. Drawing from status characteristics theory and institutional theory, it is predicted that institutionalization of female leade…
Theory-Testing, Generalization, and the Problem of External Validity
External validity refers to the generalization of research findings, either from a sample to a larger population or to settings and populations other than those studied. While definitions vary, discussions generally agree that experiments are lower in external validity than other methodological approaches. Further, external validity is widely treated as an issue to be addressed through methodological procedures. When testing theories, all measure…
Status Processes and Mental Ability Test Scores
The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Ra…
Stigma, status, and population health
Stigma and Status: The Interrelation of Two Theoretical Perspectives
This article explicates and distinguishes the processes that produce status orders and those that produce stigmatization. It describes an experimental study in which participants were assigned interaction partners before completing a task where they had opportunities to be influenced by the partners and opportunities to socially reject the partners. Results show clear influence effects of educational attainment and mental illness but no effects f…
The stigma of mental illness in the labor market
Considerations on the 'Replication Problem' in Sociology
Status- and Stigma-related Consequences of Military Service and PTSD: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
This article describes an experimental study that investigates the status- and stigma-related consequences of military service and of experiences in war resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the study, participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real in four conditions: a control condition, a condition in which the 'partner' was in the military, a condition in which the 'partner' was a war veteran who …
Leadership Status, Gender, Group Size, and Emotion in Face-to-Face Groups
In two experiments, we investigated the emotional reactions of group members in typical face-to-face interaction on different tasks. Results from both experiments supported the proposition that high-status group leaders would report more positive emotional reactions to group work than would non-leaders. We also found that women reported more positive emotion than men. Unexpectedly, we also found that women leaders were rated more likable than oth…
A comparison of status and stigma processes: Explicit and implicit appraisals of “mentally ill people” and “uneducated people
In prior work, we proposed that the related processes of status differentiation and stigmatization both diminish the status of negatively labeled groups, but that only stigma also engenders social rejection, in part via appraisals of abnormality (Lucas, & Phelan, 2012, Phelan, Lucas, Ridgeway, & Tay
Power, Influence, and Diversity in Organizations
This article summarizes literatures on power, status, and influence in sociology's group processes tradition and applies them to issues of diversity in organizations. Power-defined as the ability to impose one's will even against resistance from others-results primarily from position in a social structure. Influence-defined as compelling behavior change without threat of punishment or promise of reward-results largely from the respect and esteem …
Research on physical disability in sociological social psychology: The state of the field and future directions
We discuss the state of the research literature on physical disability in sociology, focusing particularly on social psychology. We first trace the history of treatments of disability in the field, noting a movement from a medical model that located disability in the individual to a social model that recognizes physical disability as an important social characteristic that is both produced by and has important consequences for social interactions…
The replication problem and its implications for policy studies
In this article we re-examine the epistemological basis for claims to ‘best evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in policy studies by tracing these to a Popperian model of theory development and testing. This model outlines how only scientific explanations that survive repeated testing count as good theory. Yet repeated testing (replication) is scarce across the social sciences – this is the ‘replication problem’. More specifically, the lack of replicat…
Structural Functional Theory
Structural functional theory holds that society is best understood as a complex system with various interdependent parts that work together to increase stability. For most of the twentieth century the structural functional perspective (also called functionalism) was the dominant sociological approach in the US and Western Europe. Although the label structural functional theory has subsumed multiple perspectives, there are a few basic elements tha…
Perceptions of Espoused Versus Enacted Culture Around Sexual Misconduct and Other Offenses Among U.S. Military Service Members
Interviews and focus groups with active-duty U.S. military service members and students at military service academies investigated relationships between espoused and enacted culture in perceptions of sexual assault and harassment versus other types of offenses. Results show that participants widely understood and accepted an espoused culture that is intolerant of sexual misconduct. The enacted culture included tolerance of some forms of sexual mi…
Misconduct in the Prosecution of Severe Crimes: Theory and Experimental Test
Prosecutorial misconduct involves the intentional use of illegal or improper methods for attaining convictions against defendants in criminal trials. Previous research documented extensive errors in the prosecution of severe crimes. A theory formulated to explain this phenomenon proposes that in serious cases, increased pressure to convict encourages misconduct; further, serious cases increase perceptions of the suspect's guilt, which facilitate …
Stereotype Threat and Differential Expected Consequences: Explaining Group Differences in Mental Ability Test Scores
Why do some groups of students score lower than do others on standardized tests? Stereotype threat theory proposes that added pressure from the threat of confirming a negative stereotype impairs test performance. A related theory of differential expected consequences proposes that low-status test takers also expect negative consequences from doing too well on the test. Two laboratory studies investigated whether stereotype threat, differential ex…
Leadership Status, Gender, Group Size, and Emotion in Face-to-Face Groups
In two experiments, we investigated the emotional reactions of group members in typical face-to-face interaction on different tasks. Results from both experiments supported the proposition that high-status group leaders would report more positive emotional reactions to group work than would non-leaders. We also found that women reported more positive emotion than men. Unexpectedly, we also found that women leaders were rated more likable than oth…
Status Processes and Mental Ability Test Scores
The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Ra…
Behavioral and Emotional Outcomes of Leadership in Task Groups
Status Processes and the Institutionalization of Women as Leaders
Socially disadvantaged individuals often encounter resistance when they rise to high-status positions. For example, women, according to status characteristics theory, will be disadvantaged relative to men in social interactions, other things being equal. Institutionalizing women as leaders may overcome such disadvantages. Drawing from status characteristics theory and institutional theory, it is predicted that institutionalization of female leade…
Theory-Testing, Generalization, and the Problem of External Validity
External validity refers to the generalization of research findings, either from a sample to a larger population or to settings and populations other than those studied. While definitions vary, discussions generally agree that experiments are lower in external validity than other methodological approaches. Further, external validity is widely treated as an issue to be addressed through methodological procedures. When testing theories, all measure…
Stereotype Threat and Differential Expected Consequences: Explaining Group Differences in Mental Ability Test Scores
Why do some groups of students score lower than do others on standardized tests? Stereotype threat theory proposes that added pressure from the threat of confirming a negative stereotype impairs test performance. A related theory of differential expected consequences proposes that low-status test takers also expect negative consequences from doing too well on the test. Two laboratory studies investigated whether stereotype threat, differential ex…
Cognitions, Emotions, and Identities
Misconduct in the Prosecution of Severe Crimes: Theory and Experimental Test
Prosecutorial misconduct involves the intentional use of illegal or improper methods for attaining convictions against defendants in criminal trials. Previous research documented extensive errors in the prosecution of severe crimes. A theory formulated to explain this phenomenon proposes that in serious cases, increased pressure to convict encourages misconduct; further, serious cases increase perceptions of the suspect's guilt, which facilitate …
Structural Functional Theory
Structural functional theory holds that society is best understood as a complex system with various interdependent parts that work together to increase stability. For most of the twentieth century the structural functional perspective (also called functionalism) was the dominant sociological approach in the US and Western Europe. Although the label structural functional theory has subsumed multiple perspectives, there are a few basic elements tha…
Group Processes
Sociology's group processes perspective is one of the three “faces” of sociological social psychology (Smith‐Lovin & Molm 2000). The perspective is characterized by theoretical development and basic research on fundamental social processes that occur in group contexts. Work in the group processes tradition dates to scholars who were interested in the interactions of individuals in small groups. As the perspective has developed, its focus has larg…
The replication problem and its implications for policy studies
In this article we re-examine the epistemological basis for claims to ‘best evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in policy studies by tracing these to a Popperian model of theory development and testing. This model outlines how only scientific explanations that survive repeated testing count as good theory. Yet repeated testing (replication) is scarce across the social sciences – this is the ‘replication problem’. More specifically, the lack of replicat…
Stigma and Status: The Interrelation of Two Theoretical Perspectives
This article explicates and distinguishes the processes that produce status orders and those that produce stigmatization. It describes an experimental study in which participants were assigned interaction partners before completing a task where they had opportunities to be influenced by the partners and opportunities to socially reject the partners. Results show clear influence effects of educational attainment and mental illness but no effects f…
Power, Influence, and Diversity in Organizations
This article summarizes literatures on power, status, and influence in sociology's group processes tradition and applies them to issues of diversity in organizations. Power-defined as the ability to impose one's will even against resistance from others-results primarily from position in a social structure. Influence-defined as compelling behavior change without threat of punishment or promise of reward-results largely from the respect and esteem …
Considerations on the 'Replication Problem' in Sociology
Stigma, status, and population health
Status- and Stigma-related Consequences of Military Service and PTSD: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
This article describes an experimental study that investigates the status- and stigma-related consequences of military service and of experiences in war resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the study, participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real in four conditions: a control condition, a condition in which the 'partner' was in the military, a condition in which the 'partner' was a war veteran who …
The stigma of mental illness in the labor market
Group Processes
The group processes perspective is one of the three “faces” of sociological social psychology. Work in this tradition is characterized by development of formal theories, testing of hypotheses derived from the theories, and theoretical growth through a process of revision and expansion of the scope of theories. Because of their ability to isolate social processes and their amenability to testing formal theories, experiments are the methodological …
Research on physical disability in sociological social psychology: The state of the field and future directions
We discuss the state of the research literature on physical disability in sociology, focusing particularly on social psychology. We first trace the history of treatments of disability in the field, noting a movement from a medical model that located disability in the individual to a social model that recognizes physical disability as an important social characteristic that is both produced by and has important consequences for social interactions…
Effects of Social Context on Holistic Versus Analytic Orientation: A Cross-Cultural Experiment
An experiment carried out in the United States and China investigated how social context affects cognitive orientation. Explanations for cultural differences in cognitive orientation is that they are rooted in agricultural practices that encourage relatively more holistic or analytic orientations. Recent work has proposed that social network structures might lead to more holistic orientations in two ways—by leading individuals to feel strong soci…
A comparison of status and stigma processes: Explicit and implicit appraisals of “mentally ill people” and “uneducated people
In prior work, we proposed that the related processes of status differentiation and stigmatization both diminish the status of negatively labeled groups, but that only stigma also engenders social rejection, in part via appraisals of abnormality (Lucas, & Phelan, 2012, Phelan, Lucas, Ridgeway, & Tay
Influence and Social Distance Consequences across Categories of Race and Mental Illness
This paper describes an experimental study (N = 184) that investigated influence and social distance consequences of a number of attributes in interpersonal interactions. The attributes included race, education, panic disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real and who represented the attributes studied. Participants had opportunities to be influenced by and seek distance …
Perceptions of Espoused Versus Enacted Culture Around Sexual Misconduct and Other Offenses Among U.S. Military Service Members
Interviews and focus groups with active-duty U.S. military service members and students at military service academies investigated relationships between espoused and enacted culture in perceptions of sexual assault and harassment versus other types of offenses. Results show that participants widely understood and accepted an espoused culture that is intolerant of sexual misconduct. The enacted culture included tolerance of some forms of sexual mi…
Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in Military Services: Culture, Hypermasculinity, and the Futility of Zero-Tolerance Approaches
This introduction to the Special Forum on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in Military Services begins with a discussion of zero-tolerance approaches to sexual assault and sexual harassment, arguing that such approaches tend to be ineffective and result in problematic outcomes. Furthermore, zero-tolerance approaches are associated with the same hypermasculine cultural practices that contribute to the prevalence of sexual assault and sexual ha…
Psychology (21 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Psychiatry (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Epistemology (6 works) · Social Power and Status Dynamics (6 works)