Y Shavit
Biographic Data
| ID | 23434 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Y Shavit |
| GIVEN NAMES | Y |
| FAMILY NAME | Shavit |
| SIGNATURE | SHAVIT Y |
| AFFILIATIONS | Tel Aviv University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2040-303X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 580 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Socioeconomic inequality in fertility responses to universal preschool reform: Evidence from a high-fertility context
This study examines how a national reform introducing universal free preschool education affected fertility behavior in Israel, a high-income country with persistently high fertility rates. The 2012 reform expanded public funding to cover preschool costs for all children aged three and four, eliminating tuition fees for both public and licensed private providers during core hours. Using longitudinal administrative birth records covering approxima…
Beyond the cradle: Effects of family income in the first 1,000 days on educational achievement later in life
This study examines the impact of family income across various developmental stages of early and later childhood on educational achievement in fifth-grade among Israeli students born between 2000 and 2005. Utilizing administrative data, we analyze the effects of family income during distinct childhood segments, with a particular focus on the critical first 1,000 days of life. Our findings reveal that family income during this early period—from th…
Differences in stated attitudes vs. realised friendships among Jews vis-à-vis Arabs in Israel
Previous research has documented differences in majority attitudes towards minority groups. However, there is a lack of research on (1) how attitudes towards minorities differ among majority subgroups, and (2) how attitudinal differences relate to interpersonal relationships between majority and minority members. This article investigates whether Jewish university students from two majority subgroups in Israel – Ashkenazim (European lineage, high…
Welfare benefit cuts in early childhood and future educational outcomes: A Natural Experiment
Understanding the long-term effect of early childhood poverty on a child's life prospects presents a methodological challenge due to the potential endogeneity of family income, making it difficult to establish a clear causal relationship. This study addresses this challenge by exploiting a natural experiment: a major reduction in child allowances and income support benefits for families with young children, which disproportionately affected large…
Multicultural or Assimilationist Education: Contact Theory and Social Identity Theory in Israeli Arab-Jewish Integrated Schools
We compare the predictions of contact theory with those of social identity theory (SIT), as they pertain to intergroup relations between Jews and Arabs in multicultural and assimilationist schools. In accordance with contact theory, it can be assumed that multicultural schools would promote interethnic friendships as compared to assimilationist schools. According to SIT, however, multicultural schools, in which ethnic identity is constantly ackno…
Introduction to the special issue: Education as a positional good
The Short Term Effects of Immigrant Students on the Educational Achievements of Native‐Born Students
Since 1989 nearly one million immigrants from the FSU have arrived in Israel. Although well‐educated on average, most of these immigrants lacked economic means. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the presence of immigrants in schools affected the educational achievements of their Israeli‐born peers. We analyzed data pertaining to 8,288 Israeli tenth graders who attended 208 schools in 1994. Respondents' records were obtained f…
Nominal and positional perspectives on educational stratification in Israel
Gender Differences in Fields of Study: The Role of Significant Others and Rational Choice Motivations
In recent decades, young women outperform men aca-demically at all levels of school and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school (DiPrete and Buchmann, 2013). However, while women
Cultural Capital Does Not Travel Well: Immigrants, Natives and Achievement in Israeli Schools
This study examines the effects of cultural capital on the achievement of Israeli natives and of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. We hypothesize that teachers are insensitive to cultural distinctions among immigrants. Therefore, they do not reward culturally endowed immigrants to the same extent as native students with similar levels of cultural capital. To test this hypothesis, we use data provided by 4th, 9th, and 11th graders as well a…
Expansion and inequality of educational opportunity: A comparative study
Coverage Bias in Telephone Surveys in Israel
Potential coverage bias in telephone surveys among the general population in Israel was studied in a random sample of 6,405 adults drawn from the population register. Registered telephone status (landline and mobile, mobile-only, no telephone) of each sampled individual was matched with his or her sociodemographic characteristics obtained from diverse databases. This facilitated estimation of the coverage properties of the landline telephone dire…
Curricular Choice: A Test of a Rational Choice Model of Education
Rational choice theories of education view student's educational decision as a sequence of binary choices between options that entail long-term utility and options that reduce short-term risk of failure. One of the best articulated models of educational choice asserts that choice between alternative options is affected by students’ utility considerations, their expectations regarding the odds of success or failure in alternative educational optio…
Modularisierungsansätze in der Berufsbildung: Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz sowie Großbritannien im Vergleich
Dieser Sammelband enthält Beiträge zur Modularisierung in der beruflichen Bildung, die den aktuellen Stand nach 20 Jahren Diskussion und verschiedenen Umsetzungsstufen widerspiegeln. Aktuell wird in den deutschsprachigen Ländern Österreich, Schweiz und Deutschland über Individualisierungs- und Flexibilisierungselemente diskutiert. In diesem Prozess haben sich Bausteinsysteme bzw. Module als sinnvolle Instrumente für einen Modernisierungsprozess i…
CHAPTER SIX Taiwan: Higher Education-Expansion and Equality of Educational Opportunity
CHAPTER TWO Israel: Diversification, Expansion, and Inequality in Higher Education
Educational Inequality
In their classic study of stratification in the US, Blau and Duncan (1967) found that the effect of education on occupational attainment increased over time. They interpreted this to mean that America was becoming increasingly meritocratic. A meritocratic social system is one in which the attainment of desirable social rewards, such as good jobs, is determined by effort and ability rather than by inherited privilege. It is often assumed that the …
Ethnic Stratification and Place of Residence in Israel: A Truism Revisited
Educational Reforms and Inequalities in Israel: The MMI Hypothesis Revisited
Israeli secondary school students sit for national matriculation examinations that result in their receiving either a plain or a university-qualifying diploma. During the 1990s, the Ministry of Education implemented policies that were designed to raise eligibility rates for the diploma. This article evaluates the consequences of these policies for gender, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequalities in the odds of obtaining the two forms of the diploma…
Ethnicity, Education, and Other Determinants of Self-Employment in Israel
This is a study of the determinants of self-employment in Israel. We employ data for about 13,000 Israeli men and women who were twenty-seven to thirty-four years old in 1995. For each respondent we merged records from the 1983 and 1995 censuses as well as their parents' records in the 1983 census. We distinguish between three categories of self-employment: professional-managerial, qualified, and unqualified occupations. Our main fin dings are: (…
Vocational Secondary Education
Most secondary school systems maintain a distinction between academic and vocational education. Scholars ascribing to human capital theory view vocational education as a safety net, which enhances students' chances of finding gainful employment as skilled workers. Others view it as a mechanism of social reproduction, which diverts working-class students from higher education and the professions. We hypothesize that the extent to which vocational …
The Stratification of Leisure and Taste: Classes and Lifestyles in Israel
A view commonly held by students of Israeli society is that social classes are weakly structured in Israel because they are a relatively recent phenomenon and because other cleavages blur class distinctions. Another, more general, argument in the literature emphasizes the decline of class as a salient social category and the rising importance of other categories of stratification, such as ethnicity and religion. In this paper we test both argumen…
Reforms, Expansion, and Equality of Opportunity
Between the 1950s and early 1980s, Italian education expanded rapidly. During the 1960s the educational system was reformed in two important respects. First, in 1963, the unified middle school was established and compulsory schooling was extended to the age of 14. Second, in 1961 and 1969 access to universities was progressively liberalized, enabling students in all upper-secondary tracks, including the vocational colleges (istituti professionali…
National differences in network density: Israel and the United States
Secondary Vocational Education and the Transition from School to Work
This article reevaluates the effects of high school vocational education on students' odds of being unemployed and students' occupational attainment in the transition from school to work. The question posed is whether vocational secondary education actually benefits its clientele or is simply the crude mechanism of social exclusion that some claim it to be. The authors find that although vocational education inhibits students' likelihood of atten…
Vocational Secondary Education
Most secondary school systems maintain a distinction between academic and vocational education. Scholars ascribing to human capital theory view vocational education as a safety net, which enhances students' chances of finding gainful employment as skilled workers. Others view it as a mechanism of social reproduction, which diverts working-class students from higher education and the professions. We hypothesize that the extent to which vocational …
Sibship Size and Educational Attainment in Nuclear and Extended Families: Arabs and Jews in Israel
We examine the relationship between number of siblings and educational attainment for three groups in Israel: Ashkenazi Jews, Oriental Jews, and Moslem Arabs. For both Jewish groups number of siblings has a negative effect on educational attainment. However, this pattern is not replicated for Moslems whose social organization is based largely on the extended family and the patrilineage (the hamula). Among Moslems the extended family plays an acti…
Segregation, Tracking, and the Educational Attainment of Minorities: Arabs and Oriental Jews in Israel
Secondary Vocational Education and the Transition from School to Work
This article reevaluates the effects of high school vocational education on students' odds of being unemployed and students' occupational attainment in the transition from school to work. The question posed is whether vocational secondary education actually benefits its clientele or is simply the crude mechanism of social exclusion that some claim it to be. The authors find that although vocational education inhibits students' likelihood of atten…
Educational Reforms and Inequalities in Israel: The MMI Hypothesis Revisited
Israeli secondary school students sit for national matriculation examinations that result in their receiving either a plain or a university-qualifying diploma. During the 1990s, the Ministry of Education implemented policies that were designed to raise eligibility rates for the diploma. This article evaluates the consequences of these policies for gender, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequalities in the odds of obtaining the two forms of the diploma…
Tracking and Ethnicity in Israeli Secondary Education
Secondary education in Israel uses curricular tracking. The academic track is selective on the basis of scholastic aptitude and prepares students for higher education. The vocational tracks maintain low curricular requirements and are said to enhance educational attainment of low-aptitude students. Ethnicity is highly correlated with measured aptitude. Hence, Sephardim are typically assigned to vocational tracks whereas Ashkenazim are more likely…
National differences in network density: Israel and the United States
Expansion and inequality of educational opportunity: A comparative study
Curricular Choice: A Test of a Rational Choice Model of Education
Rational choice theories of education view student's educational decision as a sequence of binary choices between options that entail long-term utility and options that reduce short-term risk of failure. One of the best articulated models of educational choice asserts that choice between alternative options is affected by students’ utility considerations, their expectations regarding the odds of success or failure in alternative educational optio…
Introduction to the special issue: Education as a positional good
The Stratification of Leisure and Taste: Classes and Lifestyles in Israel
A view commonly held by students of Israeli society is that social classes are weakly structured in Israel because they are a relatively recent phenomenon and because other cleavages blur class distinctions. Another, more general, argument in the literature emphasizes the decline of class as a salient social category and the rising importance of other categories of stratification, such as ethnicity and religion. In this paper we test both argumen…
Ability Grouping and Contextual Determinants of Educational Expectations in Israel
Previous studies reveal small effects of school contexts on educational outcomes and tend to dismiss their importance in the educational attainment process. During the '60s, Israeli primary schools were very dissimilar in their student-body compositions. In addition, about half the schools practiced ability grouping, whereas the others did not group students. Analyzing data for the population of Jewish male students who attended the last grade of…
Nominal and positional perspectives on educational stratification in Israel
Gender Differences in Fields of Study: The Role of Significant Others and Rational Choice Motivations
In recent decades, young women outperform men aca-demically at all levels of school and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school (DiPrete and Buchmann, 2013). However, while women
Reforms, Expansion, and Equality of Opportunity
Between the 1950s and early 1980s, Italian education expanded rapidly. During the 1960s the educational system was reformed in two important respects. First, in 1963, the unified middle school was established and compulsory schooling was extended to the age of 14. Second, in 1961 and 1969 access to universities was progressively liberalized, enabling students in all upper-secondary tracks, including the vocational colleges (istituti professionali…
Age, Crime, and the Early Life Course
The age distribution of criminal activity peaks in the mid to late teen years and declines thereafter. Recently, Hirschi and Gottfredson have argued that the shape of the age distribution is invariant across social groups and that this shape is unexplained by any known st of sociological variables. They also assert that longitudinal data and models are not necessary to explain delinquency. The present investigation employs longitudinal data on th…
Cultural Capital Does Not Travel Well: Immigrants, Natives and Achievement in Israeli Schools
This study examines the effects of cultural capital on the achievement of Israeli natives and of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. We hypothesize that teachers are insensitive to cultural distinctions among immigrants. Therefore, they do not reward culturally endowed immigrants to the same extent as native students with similar levels of cultural capital. To test this hypothesis, we use data provided by 4th, 9th, and 11th graders as well a…
Ethnic Stratification and Place of Residence in Israel: A Truism Revisited
Multicultural or Assimilationist Education: Contact Theory and Social Identity Theory in Israeli Arab-Jewish Integrated Schools
We compare the predictions of contact theory with those of social identity theory (SIT), as they pertain to intergroup relations between Jews and Arabs in multicultural and assimilationist schools. In accordance with contact theory, it can be assumed that multicultural schools would promote interethnic friendships as compared to assimilationist schools. According to SIT, however, multicultural schools, in which ethnic identity is constantly ackno…
Age at marriage, sex-ratios, and ethnic heterogamy
This paper focuses on the effects of age at marriage and the sex-ratio on patterns of ethnic homogamy among Israeli women. We hypothesize that later marriages are more likely than early marriages to be heterogamous as the ‘marriage market’ shifts from school to the work-place. By the same token, when facing severe marriage squeezes women will be forced to out-marry. Employing data from the 1983 census, we model mate selection of women from Afro-A…
Educational Transitions in Israel: A Test of the Industrialization and Credentialism Hypotheses
The industrialization hypothesis predicts a decline in the effects of social background variables on educational attainment across cohorts, whereas the credentialism hypothesis predicts a decline of these effects on the attainment of lower educational levels and stable or rising effects on the attainment of higher levels of schooling. Employing a model developed by Mare (1981) and analyzing data from the 1974 Israeli Mobility Survey, the authors …
Schooling, Tracking, and Teenage Intelligence
Do schooling and tracking affect cognitive achievement in curriculum-related areas, while leaving basic scholastic intelligence unaltered? In the study presented in this article, we analyzed longitudinal data for young Israeli men born in 1954 to determine the effects of schooling and tracking in Israeli high schools on changes in psychometric intelligence during adolescence. The respondents' standardized scores on scholastic aptitude tests, admi…
Ethnicity, Education, and Other Determinants of Self-Employment in Israel
This is a study of the determinants of self-employment in Israel. We employ data for about 13,000 Israeli men and women who were twenty-seven to thirty-four years old in 1995. For each respondent we merged records from the 1983 and 1995 censuses as well as their parents' records in the 1983 census. We distinguish between three categories of self-employment: professional-managerial, qualified, and unqualified occupations. Our main fin dings are: (…
Kin and Nonkin under Collective Threat: Israeli Networks during the Gulf War
This study presents a rare glimpse of haw people use their social networks during a mortal threat. In surveys done around the time of the 1991 Gulf War, we asked residents of metropolitan Haifa, Israel, to tell us from whom they received support during the missile attacks. The results show that Israelis relied more on kin than they did in their everyday networks. However, how much they relied on kin varied by type of support, specifically by whet…
The Short Term Effects of Immigrant Students on the Educational Achievements of Native‐Born Students
Since 1989 nearly one million immigrants from the FSU have arrived in Israel. Although well‐educated on average, most of these immigrants lacked economic means. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the presence of immigrants in schools affected the educational achievements of their Israeli‐born peers. We analyzed data pertaining to 8,288 Israeli tenth graders who attended 208 schools in 1994. Respondents' records were obtained f…
Tracking and Ethnicity in Israeli Secondary Education
Secondary education in Israel uses curricular tracking. The academic track is selective on the basis of scholastic aptitude and prepares students for higher education. The vocational tracks maintain low curricular requirements and are said to enhance educational attainment of low-aptitude students. Ethnicity is highly correlated with measured aptitude. Hence, Sephardim are typically assigned to vocational tracks whereas Ashkenazim are more likely…
Ability Grouping and Contextual Determinants of Educational Expectations in Israel
Previous studies reveal small effects of school contexts on educational outcomes and tend to dismiss their importance in the educational attainment process. During the '60s, Israeli primary schools were very dissimilar in their student-body compositions. In addition, about half the schools practiced ability grouping, whereas the others did not group students. Analyzing data for the population of Jewish male students who attended the last grade of…
Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water: Noncitizen Arabs in the Israeli Labor Market
Schooling, Tracking, and Teenage Intelligence
Do schooling and tracking affect cognitive achievement in curriculum-related areas, while leaving basic scholastic intelligence unaltered? In the study presented in this article, we analyzed longitudinal data for young Israeli men born in 1954 to determine the effects of schooling and tracking in Israeli high schools on changes in psychometric intelligence during adolescence. The respondents' standardized scores on scholastic aptitude tests, admi…
Age, Crime, and the Early Life Course
The age distribution of criminal activity peaks in the mid to late teen years and declines thereafter. Recently, Hirschi and Gottfredson have argued that the shape of the age distribution is invariant across social groups and that this shape is unexplained by any known st of sociological variables. They also assert that longitudinal data and models are not necessary to explain delinquency. The present investigation employs longitudinal data on th…
Schools as Sorters: Lewis M. Terman, Applied Psychology, and the Intelligence Testing Movement, 1890-1930
Segregation, Tracking, and the Educational Attainment of Minorities: Arabs and Oriental Jews in Israel
Educational Transitions in Israel: A Test of the Industrialization and Credentialism Hypotheses
The industrialization hypothesis predicts a decline in the effects of social background variables on educational attainment across cohorts, whereas the credentialism hypothesis predicts a decline of these effects on the attainment of lower educational levels and stable or rising effects on the attainment of higher levels of schooling. Employing a model developed by Mare (1981) and analyzing data from the 1974 Israeli Mobility Survey, the authors …
Sibship Size and Educational Attainment in Nuclear and Extended Families: Arabs and Jews in Israel
We examine the relationship between number of siblings and educational attainment for three groups in Israel: Ashkenazi Jews, Oriental Jews, and Moslem Arabs. For both Jewish groups number of siblings has a negative effect on educational attainment. However, this pattern is not replicated for Moslems whose social organization is based largely on the extended family and the patrilineage (the hamula). Among Moslems the extended family plays an acti…
Kin and Nonkin under Collective Threat: Israeli Networks during the Gulf War
This study presents a rare glimpse of haw people use their social networks during a mortal threat. In surveys done around the time of the 1991 Gulf War, we asked residents of metropolitan Haifa, Israel, to tell us from whom they received support during the missile attacks. The results show that Israelis relied more on kin than they did in their everyday networks. However, how much they relied on kin varied by type of support, specifically by whet…
Age at marriage, sex-ratios, and ethnic heterogamy
This paper focuses on the effects of age at marriage and the sex-ratio on patterns of ethnic homogamy among Israeli women. We hypothesize that later marriages are more likely than early marriages to be heterogamous as the ‘marriage market’ shifts from school to the work-place. By the same token, when facing severe marriage squeezes women will be forced to out-marry. Employing data from the 1983 census, we model mate selection of women from Afro-A…
National differences in network density: Israel and the United States
Secondary Vocational Education and the Transition from School to Work
This article reevaluates the effects of high school vocational education on students' odds of being unemployed and students' occupational attainment in the transition from school to work. The question posed is whether vocational secondary education actually benefits its clientele or is simply the crude mechanism of social exclusion that some claim it to be. The authors find that although vocational education inhibits students' likelihood of atten…
The Stratification of Leisure and Taste: Classes and Lifestyles in Israel
A view commonly held by students of Israeli society is that social classes are weakly structured in Israel because they are a relatively recent phenomenon and because other cleavages blur class distinctions. Another, more general, argument in the literature emphasizes the decline of class as a salient social category and the rising importance of other categories of stratification, such as ethnicity and religion. In this paper we test both argumen…
Reforms, Expansion, and Equality of Opportunity
Between the 1950s and early 1980s, Italian education expanded rapidly. During the 1960s the educational system was reformed in two important respects. First, in 1963, the unified middle school was established and compulsory schooling was extended to the age of 14. Second, in 1961 and 1969 access to universities was progressively liberalized, enabling students in all upper-secondary tracks, including the vocational colleges (istituti professionali…
Vocational Secondary Education
Most secondary school systems maintain a distinction between academic and vocational education. Scholars ascribing to human capital theory view vocational education as a safety net, which enhances students' chances of finding gainful employment as skilled workers. Others view it as a mechanism of social reproduction, which diverts working-class students from higher education and the professions. We hypothesize that the extent to which vocational …
Ethnicity, Education, and Other Determinants of Self-Employment in Israel
This is a study of the determinants of self-employment in Israel. We employ data for about 13,000 Israeli men and women who were twenty-seven to thirty-four years old in 1995. For each respondent we merged records from the 1983 and 1995 censuses as well as their parents' records in the 1983 census. We distinguish between three categories of self-employment: professional-managerial, qualified, and unqualified occupations. Our main fin dings are: (…
Educational Reforms and Inequalities in Israel: The MMI Hypothesis Revisited
Israeli secondary school students sit for national matriculation examinations that result in their receiving either a plain or a university-qualifying diploma. During the 1990s, the Ministry of Education implemented policies that were designed to raise eligibility rates for the diploma. This article evaluates the consequences of these policies for gender, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequalities in the odds of obtaining the two forms of the diploma…
Ethnic Stratification and Place of Residence in Israel: A Truism Revisited
CHAPTER SIX Taiwan: Higher Education-Expansion and Equality of Educational Opportunity
CHAPTER TWO Israel: Diversification, Expansion, and Inequality in Higher Education
Educational Inequality
In their classic study of stratification in the US, Blau and Duncan (1967) found that the effect of education on occupational attainment increased over time. They interpreted this to mean that America was becoming increasingly meritocratic. A meritocratic social system is one in which the attainment of desirable social rewards, such as good jobs, is determined by effort and ability rather than by inherited privilege. It is often assumed that the …
Modularisierungsansätze in der Berufsbildung: Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz sowie Großbritannien im Vergleich
Dieser Sammelband enthält Beiträge zur Modularisierung in der beruflichen Bildung, die den aktuellen Stand nach 20 Jahren Diskussion und verschiedenen Umsetzungsstufen widerspiegeln. Aktuell wird in den deutschsprachigen Ländern Österreich, Schweiz und Deutschland über Individualisierungs- und Flexibilisierungselemente diskutiert. In diesem Prozess haben sich Bausteinsysteme bzw. Module als sinnvolle Instrumente für einen Modernisierungsprozess i…
Curricular Choice: A Test of a Rational Choice Model of Education
Rational choice theories of education view student's educational decision as a sequence of binary choices between options that entail long-term utility and options that reduce short-term risk of failure. One of the best articulated models of educational choice asserts that choice between alternative options is affected by students’ utility considerations, their expectations regarding the odds of success or failure in alternative educational optio…
Coverage Bias in Telephone Surveys in Israel
Potential coverage bias in telephone surveys among the general population in Israel was studied in a random sample of 6,405 adults drawn from the population register. Registered telephone status (landline and mobile, mobile-only, no telephone) of each sampled individual was matched with his or her sociodemographic characteristics obtained from diverse databases. This facilitated estimation of the coverage properties of the landline telephone dire…
Sociology (25 works) · Economics (21 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Political science (20 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Demography (13 works) · Law (13 works) · School Choice and Performance (13 works) · Educational attainment (11 works) · Ethnic group (11 works)