E R Maguire
Biographic Data
| ID | 23576 |
|---|---|
| NAME | E R Maguire |
| GIVEN NAMES | E R |
| FAMILY NAME | Maguire |
| SIGNATURE | MAGUIRE E R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8410-5288 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 117 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Inaction as illegitimacy: Crowd perceptions of police during the 2024 Copa América stadium breach
The Dynamics of State and Nonstate Actor Cooperation in Violence Reduction: Perspectives From Trinidad and Tobago
Since their establishment, public police agencies have been primarily responsible for maintaining law and order, reducing crime, and responding to incidents of crime and social disorder. However, as societies become more complex and dynamic, it is increasingly recognized that the tasks of crime control and violence reduction cannot be addressed by formal police institutions alone. This recognition has led to the growing involvement of a range of …
Framing fairness: Understanding perceptions of police procedural justice in body-worn camera footage
OBJECTIVE: Body-worn camera (BWC) footage often circulates on social media following police misconduct events. Although intended to provide objective evidence, BWC footage results in different perceptions about whether the police behaved justly. This study examined why people interpret the same video-recorded event differently by assessing differences by participant race and political ideology. HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that there would be more…
A descriptive analysis of homicides committed during civil unrest in the United States in 2020
Civil unrest erupted throughout the United States following the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020 under the knee of a Minneapolis police officer. While most protests remained peaceful, some turned violent. Using publicly available sources, we assembled a database of the 31 known homicides associated with the protests and riots that occurred in 2020 following the death of George Floyd. Results from our descriptive analyses help shed light on t…
Diffusing translational criminology: An intergroup communication and accommodation approach
Translational criminology emerged from the evidence-based criminology movement, which relies on rigorous research to amass scientific evidence about how to improve fairness and effectiveness in criminal justice. While evidence-based criminology focuses primarily on developing scientific evidence about which programs, practices, and interventions are most effective, translational criminology is concerned with how to disseminate that knowledge to t…
Does humanizing the police improve the effectiveness of police recruiting efforts
Research Summary U.S. police agencies are currently facing a serious recruiting and staffing crisis. As a result, many scholars and police leaders are re‐examining police recruiting methods. This study draws on the field of intergroup communication to examine the effects of how police are portrayed in police recruitment materials. Using a randomized survey experiment, we tested the effects of humanizing how officers are portrayed in a recruiting …
The role of community policing in communities with serious gang problems: Insights from Trinidad and Tobago
Gang Research in the Caribbean
The Caribbean region is a well-known tourist destination due to its beaches and other attractions. Unfortunately, it is also home to a significant violent crime problem. Research has shown that much of the violence is due to criminal gangs. This chapter reviews the research on gangs in the Caribbean with a particular focus on the methodologies used to understand a variety of gang-related phenomena, including the nature and characteristics of gang…
Policing at the crossroads: An intergroup communication accommodation perspective
This article discusses a timely and recent domain of intergroup relations scholarship that focuses on communication between police and the public—a domain we have previously described as intergroup par excellence. We begin with a brief overview of research on this topic, and then introduce four interrelated areas of research that illustrate the diversity and relevance of this approach: policing and stereotyping, communication accommodation (and n…
The Effects of Communication Accommodation on Hispanic Immigrants’ Willingness to Cooperate With U.S. Police
Communication accommodation theory (CAT) focuses on the communicative adjustments (accommodations) people make when interacting with others, as well as the causes and consequences of those adjustments. Research shows that these accommodations play a powerful role in shaping interpersonal and intergroup relations. One domain in which research has found these accommodations to be especially meaningful is in the relationships between police and the …
Crowd reactions to the police use of force at the 2017 Phoenix Trump rally
Experiencing Voices: Police and public reactions to an intergroup communication intervention
This paper analyzes police and public reactions to an intergroup-communication intervention developed and tested in Santa Barbara, California. We discuss the theory underlying the development of the intervention as well as its implementation as a means of improving relationships between police officers and members of the Hispanic community. Based on thematic analysis of interviews with program participants, we provide qualitative evidence about p…
The role of anger in mediating the effects of procedural justice and injustice
Research has found that people’s perceptions of the extent to which authority figures behave in a procedurally just (or unjust) manner have powerful effects on a variety of outcomes. Procedural justice has been shown to influence people’s sense of obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with the law and its agents, as well as people’s willingness to comply with the law and legal authorities. Yet very little research has examined the causa…
The police and those policed as intergroup par excellence: Current trends and future prospects
In many communities, certain segments of the population do not have trust and confidence in the police. These issues are particularly intense in some impoverished minority communities in which people are more likely to fear the police than to trust them. Much can be learned about the patterned dynamics between police and communities from the study of intergroup relations generally, and intergroup communication more specifically. Unfortunately, th…
Caught in the middle: Accommodative dilemmas in police–community relations
Performance Management and the Police Response to Women in India
Crimes against women have critical implications, not only for victims but also for overall community health and safety. Communities entrust law enforcement agencies with the responsibility to safeguard vulnerable people through effective and efficient policing approaches that provide a safe environment. Enhancing and improving the efficiency and performance of the police is an important part of preventing and reducing crimes against women. One ap…
Public Expressions of Empathy and Sympathy by U.S. Criminal Justice Officials After Controversial Police Killings of African-Americans
Police use of force against minorities, particularly African-Americans, has become a prominent national issue in the United States. In a number of controversial instances, such as the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, African-Americans have died under questionable circumstances due to police use of force. These incidents have fueled the growth of the #BlackLivesMatter movement and have often resulted in large-scale protests and riots. In this…
Can community policing reduce perceived disorder? Results from a quasi-experiment in Trinidad and Tobago
This impact evaluation tests the effects of community policing, with an emphasis on problem-oriented policing, on perceived social and physical disorder in a disadvantaged Caribbean community. We use a pre-post, quasi-experimental design with two groups. The data include three waves of citizen surveys carried out in both groups. We use outcome measures developed from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and a difference-in-differences app…
Policing, politics, and democracy: David Bayley’s enduring contributions
This special issue pays tribute to the life and work of David Hume Bayley, professor emeritus in the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany, who passed away in May of 2020 at the age of 87. We regard Bayley as the world’s pre-eminent comparative policing scholar. In this introduction to the special issue, we begin by providing a brief synopsis of his evolution as a scholar, from his Ph.D. training in political science to his most …
Protest policing and the reality of freedom: Evidence from Hong Kong, Portland, and Santiago in 2019 and 2020
Protests erupted in many nations around the world in 2019 and 2020, some peaceful and some violent. The police response to these protests varied widely, from calm and restrained in some places to violent and repressive in others. Variations in the police response to these events are reminiscent of David Bayley’s groundbreaking comparative research on the links between policing and democracy and the fundamental role of police in shaping “the reali…
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS‐13: Law‐enforcement perspectives
Research Summary Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS‐13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS‐13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and surveys of law‐enforcement gang expert…
Direct and indirect effects of procedural justice on cooperation and compliance: Evidence from South Korea
Procedural justice now plays an important role in the study of policing. While most empirical research on the effects of procedural justice has been carried out in Western countries, there has been little empirical research on its effects in East Asia, where authority dynamics are thought to differ from those in the West. Using a sample of 301 South Korean citizens, this study examines the direct and indirect effects of procedural justice and oth…
The effects of procedural injustice on the use of violence against police by Occupy Wall Street protesters
While a large, cross-disciplinary literature exists on crowd dynamics and protester behavior, few studies have tested the effects of perceived injustice on protester behavior. Based on data from a survey of Occupy Wall Street protesters in New York City, we explore the influence of perceptions of unjust police behavior on the use of violent resistance by protesters. We test the direct effects of two perceptual measures of procedural injustice and…
New frontiers in research on procedural justice and legitimacy in policing
Race and Perceptions of Police: Experimental Results on the Impact of Procedural (In)Justice
Procedural justice theory posits that people will view law and legal institutions as more legitimate and will be more willing to cooperate and comply with these institutions and their agents when treated in a procedurally just manner. While research supports this basic premise, questions remain about the influence of race on this process, especially in the wake of several recent highly publicized and controversial deadly force incidents involving…
Public Perceptions of the Legitimacy of the Law and Legal Authorities: Evidence from the Caribbean
Research on procedural justice and legitimacy has expanded greatly across the social sciences in recent years. The process-based model of regulation, which links people's assessments of procedural justice and legitimacy to their compliance with the law and legal authorities, has become particularly influential in criminology and sociolegal studies. A review of the previous research on perceived legitimacy highlights two important features. First,…
Why homicide clearance rates decrease: Evidence from the Caribbean
Police agencies and researchers have devoted significant attention to understanding and improving homicide clearance rates, which often serve as an overall barometer of police performance. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study examines the factors that contributed to a rapid decline in homicide clearances in the developing island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. A variety of explanations are explored, including characteristics of homi…
Attitudes among Occupy DC participants about the use of violence against police
Social movements often embrace nonviolent civil disobedience strategies. At the same time, social movements sometimes attract participants with different temperaments and different views on the morality or utility of using violence against police. Moreover, the use of force or procedurally unjust tactics by police may influence these views, instigating rebellion and support for the use of violence against police by protesters. This paper examines…
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS‐13: Law‐enforcement perspectives
Research Summary Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS‐13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS‐13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and surveys of law‐enforcement gang expert…
The effects of community policing on fear of crime and perceived safety: Findings from a pilot project in Trinidad and Tobago
Using findings from a quasi-experiment, this study examines whether the implementation of community policing in Gonzales, a distressed Caribbean community, reduced fear of crime and increased perceptions of safety. We use a pre-post, comparison group design with two groups. Data are based on three waves of citizen surveys carried out in both groups. Our findings reveal that from wave 1 to wave 2, the treatment area experienced an increase in fear…
The structure of public opinion on crime policy: Evidence from seven Caribbean nations
A long tradition of research has examined public opinion on crime policy. Much of this research focuses on identifying the determinants and correlates of public opinion; few studies have examined the dimensional structure of public attitudes toward crime policy. This study posits and tests a multidimensional conceptualization of attitudes toward crime policy. We hypothesize that two general dimensions – punitiveness and progressiveness – are the …
Issues and Patterns in the Comparative International Study of Police Strength
Published studies have examined patterns of police strength in only a handful of industrialized, and mostly English-speaking, democracies. There are primarily two reasons for this. First, practical limitations, especially language, make it difficult to collect international data on police strength. Second, even when such data are available, they are often riddled with errors related to erratic reporting and other reliability and validity problems…
Policing at the crossroads: An intergroup communication accommodation perspective
This article discusses a timely and recent domain of intergroup relations scholarship that focuses on communication between police and the public—a domain we have previously described as intergroup par excellence. We begin with a brief overview of research on this topic, and then introduce four interrelated areas of research that illustrate the diversity and relevance of this approach: policing and stereotyping, communication accommodation (and n…
The role of anger in mediating the effects of procedural justice and injustice
Research has found that people’s perceptions of the extent to which authority figures behave in a procedurally just (or unjust) manner have powerful effects on a variety of outcomes. Procedural justice has been shown to influence people’s sense of obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with the law and its agents, as well as people’s willingness to comply with the law and legal authorities. Yet very little research has examined the causa…
Systematic Observation of Disorder and Other Neighborhood Conditions in a Distressed Caribbean Community
There is a growing recognition that physical and social disorder and other neighborhood conditions play an important role in shaping the attitudes, behaviors, and well‐being of residents. Most research that seeks to measure neighborhood conditions relies on census or survey data, yet systematic observation often provides a more objective measure of observable neighborhood conditions. However, almost all of the research that has used systematic ob…
Protest policing and the reality of freedom: Evidence from Hong Kong, Portland, and Santiago in 2019 and 2020
Protests erupted in many nations around the world in 2019 and 2020, some peaceful and some violent. The police response to these protests varied widely, from calm and restrained in some places to violent and repressive in others. Variations in the police response to these events are reminiscent of David Bayley’s groundbreaking comparative research on the links between policing and democracy and the fundamental role of police in shaping “the reali…
Caught in the middle: Accommodative dilemmas in police–community relations
Transferring criminal investigation methods from developed to developing nations
This article examines the transfer of criminal investigation methods from developed to developing nations. We base our analysis on two general bodies of theory and research: policy transfer and institutional theory. Based on data from a study of a violent crime outbreak in Trinidad and Tobago, a small island developing state in the eastern Caribbean, we explore three efforts to import criminal investigation methods and techniques from developed n…
Measuring the performance of national criminal justice systems
We argue that the emergence of the nation‐state has produced a common structure of criminal justice systems across all nations, thus making it feasible to validly compare criminal justice system performance cross‐nationally. Based upon a theoretical framework derived from the literature on criminal justice performance measures, we introduce an index of national criminal justice system performance. The index measures the performance of national cr…
Crowd reactions to the police use of force at the 2017 Phoenix Trump rally
The police and those policed as intergroup par excellence: Current trends and future prospects
In many communities, certain segments of the population do not have trust and confidence in the police. These issues are particularly intense in some impoverished minority communities in which people are more likely to fear the police than to trust them. Much can be learned about the patterned dynamics between police and communities from the study of intergroup relations generally, and intergroup communication more specifically. Unfortunately, th…
Reassessing the Link between Country Music and Suicide
In their article assessing the link between country music airtime and metropolitan suicide rates, Stack and Gundlach (1992) found that the greater the airtime devoted to country music, the greater the white suicide rate. Employing ordinary least squares regression, they controlled for the effects of divorce, southernness, poverty, and gun availability. Their model accounts for 51% of the variance in urban white suicide rates. The authors interpre…
Country Music, Suicide, and Spuriousness
Measuring the performance of national criminal justice systems
We argue that the emergence of the nation‐state has produced a common structure of criminal justice systems across all nations, thus making it feasible to validly compare criminal justice system performance cross‐nationally. Based upon a theoretical framework derived from the literature on criminal justice performance measures, we introduce an index of national criminal justice system performance. The index measures the performance of national cr…
Issues and Patterns in the Comparative International Study of Police Strength
Published studies have examined patterns of police strength in only a handful of industrialized, and mostly English-speaking, democracies. There are primarily two reasons for this. First, practical limitations, especially language, make it difficult to collect international data on police strength. Second, even when such data are available, they are often riddled with errors related to erratic reporting and other reliability and validity problems…
Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies: Context, Complexity, and Control
Why homicide clearance rates decrease: Evidence from the Caribbean
Police agencies and researchers have devoted significant attention to understanding and improving homicide clearance rates, which often serve as an overall barometer of police performance. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study examines the factors that contributed to a rapid decline in homicide clearances in the developing island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. A variety of explanations are explored, including characteristics of homi…
Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security
This volume presents 19 original essays addressing what is widely regarded as the most serious problem confronting America today and for years to come – terrorism – from the unique perspective of criminology. The chapters collected here address such issues as the prevention of terrorism, the applicability of community policing and routine activities models of crime to the problem of terrorism, how to balance liberty and security, and how to think…
Exploring Family Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Problem Behaviors in the Caribbean
Transferring criminal investigation methods from developed to developing nations
This article examines the transfer of criminal investigation methods from developed to developing nations. We base our analysis on two general bodies of theory and research: policy transfer and institutional theory. Based on data from a study of a violent crime outbreak in Trinidad and Tobago, a small island developing state in the eastern Caribbean, we explore three efforts to import criminal investigation methods and techniques from developed n…
Public Perceptions of the Legitimacy of the Law and Legal Authorities: Evidence from the Caribbean
Research on procedural justice and legitimacy has expanded greatly across the social sciences in recent years. The process-based model of regulation, which links people's assessments of procedural justice and legitimacy to their compliance with the law and legal authorities, has become particularly influential in criminology and sociolegal studies. A review of the previous research on perceived legitimacy highlights two important features. First,…
The structure of public opinion on crime policy: Evidence from seven Caribbean nations
A long tradition of research has examined public opinion on crime policy. Much of this research focuses on identifying the determinants and correlates of public opinion; few studies have examined the dimensional structure of public attitudes toward crime policy. This study posits and tests a multidimensional conceptualization of attitudes toward crime policy. We hypothesize that two general dimensions – punitiveness and progressiveness – are the …
Attitudes among Occupy DC participants about the use of violence against police
Social movements often embrace nonviolent civil disobedience strategies. At the same time, social movements sometimes attract participants with different temperaments and different views on the morality or utility of using violence against police. Moreover, the use of force or procedurally unjust tactics by police may influence these views, instigating rebellion and support for the use of violence against police by protesters. This paper examines…
Systematic Observation of Disorder and Other Neighborhood Conditions in a Distressed Caribbean Community
There is a growing recognition that physical and social disorder and other neighborhood conditions play an important role in shaping the attitudes, behaviors, and well‐being of residents. Most research that seeks to measure neighborhood conditions relies on census or survey data, yet systematic observation often provides a more objective measure of observable neighborhood conditions. However, almost all of the research that has used systematic ob…
Race and Perceptions of Police: Experimental Results on the Impact of Procedural (In)Justice
Procedural justice theory posits that people will view law and legal institutions as more legitimate and will be more willing to cooperate and comply with these institutions and their agents when treated in a procedurally just manner. While research supports this basic premise, questions remain about the influence of race on this process, especially in the wake of several recent highly publicized and controversial deadly force incidents involving…
Evaluating the relative impact of positive and negative encounters with police: A randomized experiment
The effects of community policing on fear of crime and perceived safety: Findings from a pilot project in Trinidad and Tobago
Using findings from a quasi-experiment, this study examines whether the implementation of community policing in Gonzales, a distressed Caribbean community, reduced fear of crime and increased perceptions of safety. We use a pre-post, comparison group design with two groups. Data are based on three waves of citizen surveys carried out in both groups. Our findings reveal that from wave 1 to wave 2, the treatment area experienced an increase in fear…
Direct and indirect effects of procedural justice on cooperation and compliance: Evidence from South Korea
Procedural justice now plays an important role in the study of policing. While most empirical research on the effects of procedural justice has been carried out in Western countries, there has been little empirical research on its effects in East Asia, where authority dynamics are thought to differ from those in the West. Using a sample of 301 South Korean citizens, this study examines the direct and indirect effects of procedural justice and oth…
The effects of procedural injustice on the use of violence against police by Occupy Wall Street protesters
While a large, cross-disciplinary literature exists on crowd dynamics and protester behavior, few studies have tested the effects of perceived injustice on protester behavior. Based on data from a survey of Occupy Wall Street protesters in New York City, we explore the influence of perceptions of unjust police behavior on the use of violent resistance by protesters. We test the direct effects of two perceptual measures of procedural injustice and…
New frontiers in research on procedural justice and legitimacy in policing
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS‐13: Law‐enforcement perspectives
Research Summary Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS‐13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS‐13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and surveys of law‐enforcement gang expert…
Can community policing reduce perceived disorder? Results from a quasi-experiment in Trinidad and Tobago
This impact evaluation tests the effects of community policing, with an emphasis on problem-oriented policing, on perceived social and physical disorder in a disadvantaged Caribbean community. We use a pre-post, quasi-experimental design with two groups. The data include three waves of citizen surveys carried out in both groups. We use outcome measures developed from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and a difference-in-differences app…
Policing, politics, and democracy: David Bayley’s enduring contributions
This special issue pays tribute to the life and work of David Hume Bayley, professor emeritus in the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany, who passed away in May of 2020 at the age of 87. We regard Bayley as the world’s pre-eminent comparative policing scholar. In this introduction to the special issue, we begin by providing a brief synopsis of his evolution as a scholar, from his Ph.D. training in political science to his most …
Protest policing and the reality of freedom: Evidence from Hong Kong, Portland, and Santiago in 2019 and 2020
Protests erupted in many nations around the world in 2019 and 2020, some peaceful and some violent. The police response to these protests varied widely, from calm and restrained in some places to violent and repressive in others. Variations in the police response to these events are reminiscent of David Bayley’s groundbreaking comparative research on the links between policing and democracy and the fundamental role of police in shaping “the reali…
Performance Management and the Police Response to Women in India
Crimes against women have critical implications, not only for victims but also for overall community health and safety. Communities entrust law enforcement agencies with the responsibility to safeguard vulnerable people through effective and efficient policing approaches that provide a safe environment. Enhancing and improving the efficiency and performance of the police is an important part of preventing and reducing crimes against women. One ap…
Public Expressions of Empathy and Sympathy by U.S. Criminal Justice Officials After Controversial Police Killings of African-Americans
Police use of force against minorities, particularly African-Americans, has become a prominent national issue in the United States. In a number of controversial instances, such as the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, African-Americans have died under questionable circumstances due to police use of force. These incidents have fueled the growth of the #BlackLivesMatter movement and have often resulted in large-scale protests and riots. In this…
Political science (32 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (27 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (26 works) · Criminology (25 works) · Psychology (25 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Law (21 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Economic Justice (10 works) · Law (10 works)