Viola Klein
Biographic Data
| ID | 236279 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Viola Klein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Viola |
| FAMILY NAME | Klein |
| SIGNATURE | KLEIN V |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Southampton |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5830-7991 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 62 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 145 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 62 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1949 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Sexual Assertiveness and Sexual Victimization Across Different Life Stages: Examining Gender-Related and Cultural Differences
Objectives A growing body of research indicate that experiencing sexual victimization may be linked to lower levels of sexual assertiveness, yet significant gaps remain in understanding how this association varies across the life stages in which one is victimized, gender identities, and cultural contexts. Prior studies have primarily focused on cisgender women from Western countries, mainly examined adolescent/adult sexual assault (AASA), and emp…
Breaking the Script: How Gender, Heteronormativity, and Power Relate to Sexual Assertiveness
Sexual assertiveness—the tendency to take initiative and act independently regarding one’s own sexual desires and behavior—is shaped by gendered expectations that portray men as sexually assertive and women as submissive (i.e., traditional sexual script). Using dyadic data from 383 German couples, including heterosexual and LGBTQ partnerships, we tested competing explanations for sexual assertiveness: gender, heteronormativity, or experienced pow…
Gestational Body Mass Gain and Mental Health During Pregnancy Among Cisgender Heterosexual Women: An Objectification Theory Perspective
Pregnancy is marked by visible bodily changes such as weight gain. Guided by objectification theory, this study aimed to test whether gestational body mass gain—an indicator of visible bodily transformation—is associated with perceived interpersonal objectification experiences that position one's body as an object of appearance-based evaluation. These experiences may, in turn, be related to greater self-objectification, which may subsequently cor…
Motives for pornography use and women's sexual wellbeing: Insights from a 42-country study
Identification and comprehensive characterization of moral disapproval and behavioral dysregulation-based pornography-use profiles across 42 countries
The Intimate and Sexual Costs of Emotional Labor: The Development of the Women’s Sexual Emotional Labor Assessment
Emotional labor, the act of suppressing or altering one’s feelings to enhance another person’s well-being, is predominantly performed by women, especially within intimate relationships. Despite its impact on well-being, research on its role in sexuality remains limited. We developed the Women’s Sexual Emotional Labor Assessment (WOSELA), a 12-item scale based on themes identified by past qualitative studies. To ensure its reliability and validity…
Recidivism rates of female offenders discharged from forensic psychiatric treatment
The results provide rare recidivism data for risk assessment of female offenders with mental disorders and underscore the protective effect of forensic psychiatric treatment, including forensic aftercare, on recidivism
Self-Objectification and Sexuality: A Systematic Scoping Review
Objectification theory posits that women are viewed and treated as objects valued primarily for their appearance and sexual desirability for others. This feminist framework argues that the ubiquitous objectifying gaze in Western heterosexual culture causes women to view themselves as objects (i.e. self-objectification), which has been associated with negative mental health outcomes - particularly depression, eating disorders, and less frequently …
Sexual satisfaction across cultures, genders, languages, and sexual orientations: Validation of the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction
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Vagina, Pussy, Vulva, Vag: Women's Names for Their Genitals are Differentially Associated with Sexual and Health Outcomes
Feminist scholars have long emphasized the power of language in shaping women's feelings and behaviors towards their bodies, yet this proposition remains underexplored with regard to women’s genitals. This study examined the terms women use to name their genitals and their associations with genital attitudes, sexual pleasure, and genital health behaviors across both non-sexual and sexual contexts. A total of 475 women from the United States, repr…
The dual lens of objectification: Perceived objectification, male partners' reported objectification, and women's detrimental sexual outcomes
Objectification theory posits that women are treated merely as a body, valued for its use, pleasure and consumption by and for others, mainly men. Women are also disadvantaged relative to men when it comes to sexually pleasurable experiences, including lower orgasm rates and a higher burden of performing sexual emotional labour (e.g., faking orgasm, performing desire for the partner, tolerating discomfort or pain during sex). We tested the hypoth…
Predicting violence in female forensic inpatients with substance use disorders – the utility of a gender-responsive assessment
These findings support the applicability of the HCR-20 V3 in justice-involved women with substance use disorder, while highlighting the clinical relevance of the FAM in supporting a gender-informed risk management
Patterns of Heterosexual Sex in Popular Netflix Series: A Content Analysis of Age, Race, Face Attractiveness, and Body Type
The portrayal of diverse ages, races, face attractiveness, and body types in sexual media content might impact societal perceptions of sexuality, delineating which individuals are deemed sexually appealing and whose sexuality is normalized. Despite extensive research on demographics within pornography, the representation within mainstream media, particularly on streaming platforms like Netflix , remains underexplored. The current study addresses …
Women’s Sexual Agency, Pleasure, and Orgasm in Popular Netflix Series: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mixed-Gender Scenes
Media representations of sexuality can play a relevant role in the development of gender stereotypes and sexual learning processes. In the current pre-registered study, we examined the representation of sexuality in content on Netflix, a dominant force in global mass media consumption. We coded 271 mixed-gender sexual scenes across seven highly popular Netflix series for orgasm portrayal, depiction of sexual behaviors, including clitoral stimulat…
Cultural Tightness is Linked to Higher Self-Objectification in Women (But Not Men): Multi-Method Evidence
Self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction among women: Testing and extending objectification theory
Objectification theory predicts that women's self‐objectification should lead to sexual dysfunction, yet previous studies failed to provide consistent support for this prediction. The present research—which used two sufficiently powered samples and a self‐objectification measurement (SOBBS) with improved psychometric qualities and content validity than previous measurements—found support for the expected association between self‐objectification a…
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2) in 42 Countries and 26 Languages
Sexual desire is a complex construct with important implications for sexual functioning and well-being. In this research, we translated the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2), a widely used scale for assessing sexual (desire), into 25 languages from English and used data from the International Sex Survey (ISS) to (a) investigate its psychometric properties (i.e. factorial structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance) and (b) explore …
Why Do People Watch Pornography? Cross-Cultural Validation of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (Pums) and Its Short Form (Pums-8)
Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; …
Cross-cultural Validation of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (Asex) in 42 Countries and 26 Languages
Introduction The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) is a brief questionnaire that evaluates five major aspects of sexual function: sex drive, arousal, erectile function/vaginal lubrication, ability to reach orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. An advantage of the ASEX is its simplicity and brevity (five items), making it suitable for the screening of sexual function problems in healthcare contexts and large-scale studies. The main objective…
Assessing compulsive sexual behavior disorder: The development and international validation of the compulsive sexual behavior disorder-diagnostic inventory (CSBD-DI)
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools
Risk factors for violence among female forensic inpatients with schizophrenia
This article provides important insights into the risk factors of violence among female SSD patients while highlighting the importance of differentiating between various forms of violence. Equally, it substitutes the existing evidence on violence risk assessment in female offenders with SSD
The Predictive Accuracy of the LSI-R in Female Forensic Inpatients—Assessing the Utility of Gender-Responsive Risk Factors
Female reoffending has long been a neglected research interest. Accordingly, risk assessment instruments were developed based on the criminological knowledge of male recidivism. While feminist researchers have repeatedly criticized the failure to incorporate gender-responsive risk (GR) factors, opinions on the gender neutrality of existing instruments remain inconsistent. In order to substitute the existing literature, while extending the scope t…
Devaluation of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy
In two pre-registered experiments with German samples, we tested the role of endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy and the relationship context (sex in a committed relationship vs. casual sex) in the devaluation of women’s sexual pleasure. Using the context of dating apps in Study 1, men who reported higher endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy believed that other men would be less interested in fulfilling a woman’s sexual desires, show…
Epistemic Exclusion and Invisibility in Sex Research: Revisiting the Weird Dichotomy
In our article titled, "How WEIRD and androcentric is sex research? Global inequities in study populations," we showed that the published sex research is dominated by male and WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples. The commentary on our article by Sakaluk and Daniel critiqued the dichotomous coding of WEIRD and non-WEIRD contexts. After acknowledging how the androcentric bias finding was disregarded in the whole …
Women's Two Roles
First published in 1998. This is Volume XV of fifteen in the Sociology of Gender and the Family Series. Originally published in 1956, this study looks at the two roles of women of in the workplace and at home with the aim of looking at social reforms needed for the to reconcile family and a professional life in the period after World War II.
How Weird and Androcentric Is Sex Research? Global Inequities in Study Populations
Previous researchers have noted the domination of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) samples in fields like psychology. In this study we asked: how WEIRD and androcentric is contemporary sex research? We focused on two historically underrepresented groups in research, namely non-WEIRD and women/gender non-conforming samples. We analyzed 2,223 articles drawn from five leading journals in scientific sexuality research (…
The Relationship Between Hypersexual Behavior, Sexual Excitation, Sexual Inhibition, and Personality Traits
Devaluation of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy
In two pre-registered experiments with German samples, we tested the role of endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy and the relationship context (sex in a committed relationship vs. casual sex) in the devaluation of women’s sexual pleasure. Using the context of dating apps in Study 1, men who reported higher endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy believed that other men would be less interested in fulfilling a woman’s sexual desires, show…
Parenting, Communication about Sexuality, and the Development of Adolescent Womens’ Sexual Agency: A Longitudinal Assessment
Wives and Mothers in Victorian Industry
Britain's Married Women Workers
Longitudinal assessment of the association between the use of sexually explicit material, hyperfemininity, and sexual agency in adolescent women
There is growing public concern that sexually explicit material (SEM) negatively affects women, given that SEM often promotes women’s sexual objectification, passivity and submission to male desire. Using a sample of 552 female high school students (Mage at baseline = 15.8, SD =.48) who participated in a 5-wave longitudinal study in Croatia, we assessed if and to what extent were hyperfemininity and sexual agency, as possible, respectively, negat…
Zwischen Liberalität und Retraditionalisierung – Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen in Deutschland
Einleitung: Sexualpolitische Themen wie das Recht von Frauen auf Informationen zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch, sexuelle Vielfalt als Thema des Schulunterrichts und das Adoptionsrecht für homosexuelle Paare dominieren die öffentliche Debatte. Der sogenannte Wertekonflikt zwischen Liberalen versus Konservativen / Linken versus Rechten lässt sich besonders in der Erforschung von Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen erkennen. Während die Mehrzah…
Why Do People Watch Pornography? Cross-Cultural Validation of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (Pums) and Its Short Form (Pums-8)
Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; …
Les Fonctions des femmes dans l'industrie
Cross-cultural Validation of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (Asex) in 42 Countries and 26 Languages
Introduction The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) is a brief questionnaire that evaluates five major aspects of sexual function: sex drive, arousal, erectile function/vaginal lubrication, ability to reach orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. An advantage of the ASEX is its simplicity and brevity (five items), making it suitable for the screening of sexual function problems in healthcare contexts and large-scale studies. The main objective…
Sexual Pleasure Matters (Especially for Women) — Data from the German Sexuality and Health Survey (GeSiD)
Introduction Sexual pleasure has been a neglected issue in sexual health policies. Emerging trends in public health, however, emphasize the importance of sexual pleasure in preventing negative sexual health outcomes. Methods Using data from the German Sexuality and Health Survey (GeSiD), we tested the assumption that sexual pleasure is associated with sexual health, including a special focus on the role of gender. Participants were interviewed ab…
Britain's Married Women Workers
Self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction among women: Testing and extending objectification theory
Objectification theory predicts that women's self‐objectification should lead to sexual dysfunction, yet previous studies failed to provide consistent support for this prediction. The present research—which used two sufficiently powered samples and a self‐objectification measurement (SOBBS) with improved psychometric qualities and content validity than previous measurements—found support for the expected association between self‐objectification a…
The Stereotype of Femininity
The dual lens of objectification: Perceived objectification, male partners' reported objectification, and women's detrimental sexual outcomes
Objectification theory posits that women are treated merely as a body, valued for its use, pleasure and consumption by and for others, mainly men. Women are also disadvantaged relative to men when it comes to sexually pleasurable experiences, including lower orgasm rates and a higher burden of performing sexual emotional labour (e.g., faking orgasm, performing desire for the partner, tolerating discomfort or pain during sex). We tested the hypoth…
Women’s Sexual Agency, Pleasure, and Orgasm in Popular Netflix Series: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mixed-Gender Scenes
Media representations of sexuality can play a relevant role in the development of gender stereotypes and sexual learning processes. In the current pre-registered study, we examined the representation of sexuality in content on Netflix, a dominant force in global mass media consumption. We coded 271 mixed-gender sexual scenes across seven highly popular Netflix series for orgasm portrayal, depiction of sexual behaviors, including clitoral stimulat…
Cultural Tightness is Linked to Higher Self-Objectification in Women (But Not Men): Multi-Method Evidence
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2) in 42 Countries and 26 Languages
Sexual desire is a complex construct with important implications for sexual functioning and well-being. In this research, we translated the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2), a widely used scale for assessing sexual (desire), into 25 languages from English and used data from the International Sex Survey (ISS) to (a) investigate its psychometric properties (i.e. factorial structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance) and (b) explore …
Epistemic Exclusion and Invisibility in Sex Research: Revisiting the Weird Dichotomy
In our article titled, "How WEIRD and androcentric is sex research? Global inequities in study populations," we showed that the published sex research is dominated by male and WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples. The commentary on our article by Sakaluk and Daniel critiqued the dichotomous coding of WEIRD and non-WEIRD contexts. After acknowledging how the androcentric bias finding was disregarded in the whole …
Stigma Surrounding Sexually Transmitted Infections among Medical Students in Germany
Stigmatization by health care professionals leads to decreased help-seeking behaviors in those being stigmatized. Prejudicial attitudes are especially pronounced concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which is crucial in light of rising prevalence rates of STIs in recent years. We aimed to examine stigmatization against patients with sexually versus non-sexually transmitted infections among medical students in Germany. We also assesse…
A Validation Study of the German Version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form
The Demand for Professional Womanpower
Future manpower needs are notoriously difficult to estimate, not only because they depend on innumerable and unpredictable contingenciessuch as the increase or decline of the birthrate and of marriage rates, economic expansion or stagnation, technical innovations, changes in social policy and public attitudes, among others-but also because increases in supply in their turn generate increased demands. If more teachers became available, the size of…
Women's Two Roles
The Feminine Character
The Stereotype of Femininity
Women's Two Roles
Women's Two Roles: Home and Work
Wives and Mothers in Victorian Industry
Married Women in Employment
Employing Married Women
III Industrialization and the Changing Role of Women
Les Fonctions des femmes dans l'industrie
The Demand for Professional Womanpower
Future manpower needs are notoriously difficult to estimate, not only because they depend on innumerable and unpredictable contingenciessuch as the increase or decline of the birthrate and of marriage rates, economic expansion or stagnation, technical innovations, changes in social policy and public attitudes, among others-but also because increases in supply in their turn generate increased demands. If more teachers became available, the size of…
Britain's Married Women Workers
Women Workers: Working Hours and Services
L'emploi des femmes. Horaires et responsabilites familiales
Britain's Married Women Workers
Britain's Married Women Workers
Women's Two Roles
First published in 1998. This is Volume XV of fifteen in the Sociology of Gender and the Family Series. Originally published in 1956, this study looks at the two roles of women of in the workplace and at home with the aim of looking at social reforms needed for the to reconcile family and a professional life in the period after World War II.
Britain's Married Women Workers: History of an Ideology
As increased access to employment and educational opportunities brought dramatic changes to women's lives, sociologists began to look at the effect of women's changing roles on their children and families. Based on empirical investigations and personal experience, the studies included here set out to establish patterns and regularities in social behaviour, and to understand the social roles of kinship groups, mothers, wives, children and the elde…
Le caractère féminin, critique d’une idéologie
Dans la conclusion de The Feminine Character, Viola Klein revient sur les caractéristiques identifiées chez les auteurs qu’elle a étudiés comme relevant de la féminité. Elle soutient que l’on ne peut déduire de cette étude ce qu’est la féminité, qu’il s’agit d’un concept dépendant des biais personnels, des valeurs et des points de vue sociohistoriques de l’observateur. Elle propose des pistes afin d’évaluer davantage ce qui relève du conditionnem…
The Relationship Between Hypersexual Behavior, Sexual Excitation, Sexual Inhibition, and Personality Traits
Risk Factors for Sexual Offending in Men Working With Children: A Community-Based Survey
Parenting, Communication about Sexuality, and the Development of Adolescent Womens’ Sexual Agency: A Longitudinal Assessment
Zwischen Liberalität und Retraditionalisierung – Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen in Deutschland
Einleitung: Sexualpolitische Themen wie das Recht von Frauen auf Informationen zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch, sexuelle Vielfalt als Thema des Schulunterrichts und das Adoptionsrecht für homosexuelle Paare dominieren die öffentliche Debatte. Der sogenannte Wertekonflikt zwischen Liberalen versus Konservativen / Linken versus Rechten lässt sich besonders in der Erforschung von Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen erkennen. Während die Mehrzah…
A Validation Study of the German Version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form
The development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19): An ICD-11 based screening measure across three languages
Comparison of outcome in men and women after treatment in psychiatric security hospitals in Germany
Previous research has shown that forensic psychiatric treatment reduces reoffending, rehospitalization and premature mortality. Treatment outcome varies with diagnosis, but little is known about the influence of sex, psychosocial adjustment and aftercare. To assess these variables, we interviewed male and female patients discharged from three psychiatric security hospitals in Germany in the years 2010–2017. Participants were interviewed at discha…
Psychology (38 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology (20 works) · Clinical Psychology (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Developmental psychology (16 works) · Psychiatry (14 works) · Sexual function and dysfunction studies (14 works) · Human sexuality (13 works) · Medicine (13 works)