Robert D Abbott
Biographic Data
| ID | 238715 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert D Abbott |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert D |
| FAMILY NAME | Abbott |
| SIGNATURE | ABBOTT R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5183-8215 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 67 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 370 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 67 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Effects of Communities That Care on Males’ and Females’ Drug Use and Delinquency 9 Years After Baseline in a Community‐Randomized Trial
UNLABELLED: This study tested sustained effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on health-risking behaviors 9 years after baseline in a community-randomized trial involving 24 towns in seven states. Earlier analyses found sustained effects on abstinence from drug use and delinquency through Grade 12 in a panel of fifth graders. At age 19, 91 % (n = 3986) of the living panel completed the survey. Data were analyzed using gener…
Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence into adulthood
This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808) sample from age 14 through 30, and to examine the extent to which individuals in these trajectories differed in their substance use problems, mental health, problem behavior, economic outcomes, and positive functioning at age 33. In addition, analyses examined between-trajectory differences in family, peer, school, neighborhood, individ…
Teaching children with dyslexia to spell in a reading-writers’ workshop
Measuring Dimensions of Coalition Functioning for Effective and Participatory Community Practice
Social Work has a long history of community practice, but community practice models have been understudied. An important first step in conducting such studies is the establishment of psychometrically sound measures relevant for evaluations of community practice. In this paper, data are used from a community-randomized trial of Communities That Care (CTC), a coalition-based model of community practice shown to be effective at transforming communit…
How Has the Economic Downturn Affected Communities and Implementation of Science‐Based Prevention in the Randomized Trial of Communities That Care
This study examined implications of the economic downturn that began in December 2007 for the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system. The downturn had the potential to affect the internal validity of the CYDS research design and implementation of science‐based prevention in study communities. We used archival economic indicators and community key le…
Beyond Breadth-Speed-Test
We report a mixed-methods design experiment that aims to achieve deeper learning in a breadth-oriented, college-preparatory course—AP U.S. Government and Politics. The study was conducted with 289 students in 12 classrooms across four schools and in an “excellence for all” context of expanding enrollments in AP courses. Contributions include its investigation of a model of deeper learning, development of a test to assess it, and fusion of project…
Use of Web and Phone Survey Modes to Gather Data from Adults about Their Young Adult Children
Mode effects on responses to survey items may introduce bias to data collected using multiple modes of administration. The present study examines data from 704 surveys conducted as part of a longitudinal study in which parents and their children had been surveyed at multiple prior time points. Parents of 22-year-old study participants were randomly assigned to one of two mixed-mode conditions: (1) web mode first followed by the offer of an interv…
Longitudinal relationships of levels of language in writing and between writing and reading in grades 1 to 7.
Longitudinal structural equation modeling was used to evaluate longitudinal relationships across adjacent grade levels 1 to 7 for levels of language in writing (Model 1, subword letter writing, word spelling, and text composing) or writing and reading (Model 2, subword letter writing and word spelling and reading; Model 3, word spelling and reading and text composing and comprehending). Significant longitudinal relationships were observed within …
Predicting poor, average, and superior spellers in grades 1 to 6 from phonological, orthographic, and morphological, spelling, or reading composites
Superior (10 girls, 10 boys), average (10 girls, 10 boys), and poor (10 girls, 10 boys) spelling ability groups were identified in first (age 6) or third (age 8) grade and assessed annually for four years. In separate analyses, a simultaneous set of phonological, orthographic and morphological predictors, a simultaneous set of pseudoword spelling and word-specific orthographic spelling predictors, and a simultaneous set of real-word and pseudowor…
Implementation of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study
Although advances in prevention science over the past two decades have produced a growing list of tested and effective programs and policies for preventing adolescent delinquency and drug use, widespread dissemination and high‐quality implementation of effective programs and policies in communities has not been achieved. The Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) is a randomized, community‐level trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) system f…
Identifying Trajectories of Adolescents’ Depressive Phenomena
Relationships Between Level and Change in Family, School, and Peer Factors During Two Periods of Adolescence and Problem Behavior at Age 19
Growth in Phonological, Orthographic, and Morphological Awareness in Grades 1 to 6
Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay
Parents of children with developmental disabilities, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), are at risk for high levels of distress. The factors contributing to this are unclear. This study investigated how child characteristics influence maternal parenting stress and psychological distress. Participants consisted of mothers and developmental-age matched preschool-aged children with ASD ( N = 51) and developmental delay without autism (DD…
Results of a Type 2 Translational Research Trial to Prevent Adolescent Drug Use and Delinquency
OBJECTIVE: To test whether the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system reduces adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and delinquent behavior communitywide. DESIGN: The Community Youth Development Study is the first randomized trial of CTC. SETTING: In 2003, 24 small towns in 7 states, matched within state, were randomly assigned to control or CTC conditions. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 4407 fifth-grade students was surveyed annually …
Testing Communities That Care
Using Multilevel Mixtures to Evaluate Intervention Effects in Group Randomized Trials
There is evidence to suggest that the effects of behavioral interventions may be limited to specific types of individuals, but methods for evaluating such outcomes have not been fully developed. This study proposes the use of finite mixture models to evaluate whether interventions, and, specifically, group randomized trials, impact participants with certain characteristics or levels of problem behaviors. This study uses latent classes defined by …
Early Predictors of Adolescent Depression
This study examined the longitudinal relationship of early elementary predictors to adolescent depression 7 years later. The sample consisted of 938 students who have been part of a larger longitudinal study that started in 1993. Data collected from parents, teachers, and youth self-reports on early risk factors when students were in 1st and 2nd grade were compared to adolescent self-reported depression 7 years later. Regression analyses were con…
Multilevel Analysis of a Measure of Community Prevention Collaboration
This study assesses a measure of community‐wide collaboration on prevention‐specific activities (i.e., prevention collaboration ) in context of the theory of community change used in the Communities That Care prevention system. Using data from a sample of 599 community leaders across 41 communities, we examined the measure with regard to its factor structure, associations with other concurrent community‐level measures, and prediction by individua…
Understanding Race and Gender Differences in Delinquent Acts and Alcohol and Marijuana Use
Guided by social development constructs, this article investigates race and gender differences in the initiation of various types of delinquent behavior and alcohol and marijuana use among African American and Caucasian adolescents in grades 7 through 12. In addition, this study examined the potential direct or indirect effects of parental supervision, clarity of family rules, and association with delinquent peers. Results from the longitudinal a…
Increases in Alcohol and Marijuana Use During the Transition Out of High School Into Emerging Adulthood
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of leaving home and going to college on changes in the frequency of alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana use shortly after leaving high school. We also examined how protective factors in late adolescence predict post-high school substance use and moderate the effects of leaving home and going to college. METHOD: Data came from subjects (N = 319; 53% male) interviewed at the end of 12th gra…
Aggressive behavior among girls and boys during middle childhood
Using longitudinal data spanning early elementary through middle school, aggression behavior trajectory groups were identified for boys and girls. Early elementary school predictors of trajectory group membership were examined as well as whether trajectory group predicted physical aggression, covert delinquency, and substance use in 9th grade. Semiparametric group modeling identified aggression behavior trajectory groups. We identified four aggre…
Contributions of morphology beyond phonology to literacy outcomes of upper elementary and middle-school students
Using structural equation modeling the authors evaluated the contribution of morphological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological decoding to reading comprehension, reading vocabulary, spelling, and accuracy and rate of decoding morphologically complex words for 182 4th- and 5th-grade students, 218 6th- and 7th-grade students, and 207 8th- and 9th-grade students in a suburban school district. Morphological awareness made a significant u…
Early Social Attention Impairments in Autism
This study investigated social attention impairments in autism (social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress) and their relations to language ability. Three- to four-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 72), 3- to 4-year-old developmentally delayed children (n = 34), and 12- to 46-month-old typically developing children (n = 39), matched on mental age, were compared on measures of social orienting, j…
Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence
Journal Article Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence: A prospective study of aggressive children Get access Todd I. Herrenkohl, PhD, Todd I. Herrenkohl, PhD assistant professor School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue, NE, Seattle, WA 98105-6299 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Todd I. Herrenkohl, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3…
Contributions of morphology beyond phonology to literacy outcomes of upper elementary and middle-school students
Using structural equation modeling the authors evaluated the contribution of morphological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological decoding to reading comprehension, reading vocabulary, spelling, and accuracy and rate of decoding morphologically complex words for 182 4th- and 5th-grade students, 218 6th- and 7th-grade students, and 207 8th- and 9th-grade students in a suburban school district. Morphological awareness made a significant u…
The Contribution of Gang Membership to Delinquency Beyond Delinquent Friends
Both being involved in a gang and having friends who are delinquent have been shown to contribute to an individual's own delinquency. However, the unique contribution of gang membership to delinquency, above and beyond having delinquent peers, has not been well studied. Increased delinquency among gang members may not be due to gang membership per se, but to the members' association with delinquent peers. Using data from the Seattle Social Develo…
Growth in Phonological, Orthographic, and Morphological Awareness in Grades 1 to 6
Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence
Journal Article Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence: A prospective study of aggressive children Get access Todd I. Herrenkohl, PhD, Todd I. Herrenkohl, PhD assistant professor School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue, NE, Seattle, WA 98105-6299 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Todd I. Herrenkohl, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3…
Racial differences in risk factors for delinquency and substance use among adolescents
Risk factors for delinquency and substance use were used to explore racial differences in a sample of 567 adolescents. Factors used in this study included beliefs, peer and sibling influences, school attachment and commitment, family relationships, and academic and social skills. Data from surveys administered at ages 12 and 13 were used to predict delinquent and substance-using behaviors reported at ages 15 and 16. Multiple-group longitudinal an…
Opening the Black Box
The past decade has seen increasing recognition in prevention science of the need to move away from a black box approach to intervention evaluation and toward an approach that can elaborate on the mechanisms through which changes in the outcomes operate (Chen & Rossi, 1989; Durlak & Wells, 1997; Spoth et al., 1995). An approach that examines issues of program implementation is particularly critical in the design of efficacy studies of school‐base…
Early Social Attention Impairments in Autism
This study investigated social attention impairments in autism (social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress) and their relations to language ability. Three- to four-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 72), 3- to 4-year-old developmentally delayed children (n = 34), and 12- to 46-month-old typically developing children (n = 39), matched on mental age, were compared on measures of social orienting, j…
Beyond Breadth-Speed-Test
We report a mixed-methods design experiment that aims to achieve deeper learning in a breadth-oriented, college-preparatory course—AP U.S. Government and Politics. The study was conducted with 289 students in 12 classrooms across four schools and in an “excellence for all” context of expanding enrollments in AP courses. Contributions include its investigation of a model of deeper learning, development of a test to assess it, and fusion of project…
Modeling Mediation in the Etiology of Violent Behavior in Adolescence
The social development model seeks to explain human behavior through specification of predictive and mediating developmental relationships. It incorporates the effects of empirical predictors (“risk factors” and “protective factors”) for antisocial behavior and seeks to synthesize the most strongly supported propositions of control theory, social learning theory, and differential association theory. This article examines the fit of the social dev…
Relationships Between Level and Change in Family, School, and Peer Factors During Two Periods of Adolescence and Problem Behavior at Age 19
Multilevel Analysis of a Measure of Community Prevention Collaboration
This study assesses a measure of community‐wide collaboration on prevention‐specific activities (i.e., prevention collaboration ) in context of the theory of community change used in the Communities That Care prevention system. Using data from a sample of 599 community leaders across 41 communities, we examined the measure with regard to its factor structure, associations with other concurrent community‐level measures, and prediction by individua…
Aggressive behavior among girls and boys during middle childhood
Using longitudinal data spanning early elementary through middle school, aggression behavior trajectory groups were identified for boys and girls. Early elementary school predictors of trajectory group membership were examined as well as whether trajectory group predicted physical aggression, covert delinquency, and substance use in 9th grade. Semiparametric group modeling identified aggression behavior trajectory groups. We identified four aggre…
Measuring Dimensions of Coalition Functioning for Effective and Participatory Community Practice
Social Work has a long history of community practice, but community practice models have been understudied. An important first step in conducting such studies is the establishment of psychometrically sound measures relevant for evaluations of community practice. In this paper, data are used from a community-randomized trial of Communities That Care (CTC), a coalition-based model of community practice shown to be effective at transforming communit…
Correspondence between youth report and census measures of neighborhood context
Many studies that have examined neighborhood factors as predictors of crime have used census data. Exclusive use of these data limits the range of neighborhood factors that can be assessed and the frequency with which assessments can be made. Surveys of neighborhood residents provide an alternative data source. However, survey data have been viewed as reflecting the individual perceptions of respondents rather than characteristics of neighborhood…
Implementation of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study
Although advances in prevention science over the past two decades have produced a growing list of tested and effective programs and policies for preventing adolescent delinquency and drug use, widespread dissemination and high‐quality implementation of effective programs and policies in communities has not been achieved. The Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) is a randomized, community‐level trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) system f…
Early Predictors of Adolescent Depression
This study examined the longitudinal relationship of early elementary predictors to adolescent depression 7 years later. The sample consisted of 938 students who have been part of a larger longitudinal study that started in 1993. Data collected from parents, teachers, and youth self-reports on early risk factors when students were in 1st and 2nd grade were compared to adolescent self-reported depression 7 years later. Regression analyses were con…
Understanding Race and Gender Differences in Delinquent Acts and Alcohol and Marijuana Use
Guided by social development constructs, this article investigates race and gender differences in the initiation of various types of delinquent behavior and alcohol and marijuana use among African American and Caucasian adolescents in grades 7 through 12. In addition, this study examined the potential direct or indirect effects of parental supervision, clarity of family rules, and association with delinquent peers. Results from the longitudinal a…
Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence into adulthood
This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808) sample from age 14 through 30, and to examine the extent to which individuals in these trajectories differed in their substance use problems, mental health, problem behavior, economic outcomes, and positive functioning at age 33. In addition, analyses examined between-trajectory differences in family, peer, school, neighborhood, individ…
Effects of Communities That Care on Males’ and Females’ Drug Use and Delinquency 9 Years After Baseline in a Community‐Randomized Trial
UNLABELLED: This study tested sustained effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on health-risking behaviors 9 years after baseline in a community-randomized trial involving 24 towns in seven states. Earlier analyses found sustained effects on abstinence from drug use and delinquency through Grade 12 in a panel of fifth graders. At age 19, 91 % (n = 3986) of the living panel completed the survey. Data were analyzed using gener…
Identifying Trajectories of Adolescents’ Depressive Phenomena
Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men
The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported at study entry were inversely related to the risk of definite coronary heart disease in both age groups. In particular, among those …
The role of dissimulation and social desirability in the measurement of moral reasoning
Further Evidence regarding the R Scale of the MMPI as a Measure of Acquiescence
High- and low-scoring groups on the R scale of the MMPI were selected For each group the mean probability of a True response, P(T), on 26 scales was obtained. The social desirability scale values of the items increased from scale to scale. On all 26 scales, low scorers on the R scale had a higher mean probability of a True response than high scorers. The regression lines of P(T) on SDSV for the two groups had approximately the same slopes and dif…
Social Desirability and the TSC Mmpi Scales
The seven Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales developed by Tryon, Stein, and Chu were intercorrelated and factor analyzed by the method of principal components. Included in the analysis were three marker scales for the first three principal components of the MMPI: the SD scale, the R scale, and the L scale, respectively. All of the TSC scales had loadings of .61 OT higher on the first principal component marked by the SD sca…
Social Desirability and the TSC Scales
A replication of a study by Edwards, Klockars, and Abbott, 1970, using Tryon's sample, showed that each of the seven TSC scales had its highest loading on the first principal component. The results are in agreement with those obtained with a college sample
Stylistic Response Variance and Trait Inference from the Study of Values
The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and four scales accounting for possible trait confounding variance, Edwards' SD, Wiggins' Sd, Marlowe-Crowne, and Welsh's R, were administered to 171 female and 116 male college students. The resultant factor structure and coefficients of determination (all less than .07) between the two sets of scales supported the discriminant validity of the Study of Values scales for the four stylistic sources measur…
A Factor Analysis of the CPI and EPI
A Factor Analysis of the EPPS and PRF Personality Inventories
The R Scale and Acquiescent Tendencies on Scales Consisting of Items from the CPI, PRF, and EPI
Previous studies involving the R scale of the MMPI as a measure of acquiescent tendencies were replicated with items from the California Psychological Inventory, the Personality Research Form AA, and Booklet II of the Edwards Personality Inventory. The results obtained support the interpretation of scores on the R scale as measuring acquiescent tendencies with respect to items with a non-pathological content
The R Scale of the Mmpi as a Measure of Acquiescence
On Confounding of the Repression-Sensitization and Manifest Anxiety Scales
The MMPI and Edwards Personality Inventory were administered to 218 college students. Scores on the Manifest Anxiety (MA), Repression-Sensitization (R-S), and Social Desirability (SD) scales were scored from the MMPI and a non-overlapping, balanced True-False, non-pathological content social desirability (BSD) scale was scored from the items of the Edwards. The scales were intercorrelated and factor analyzed by the method of principal components.…
Social Desirability and Psychometric Characteristics of the Personal Orientation Inventory
Relationships Between the Epi Scales and the 16 Pf, Cpi, and Epps Scales
Tests of an Alternative Explanation of Data Supporting the R Scale of the MMPI as a Measure of Acquiescence
An alternative hypothesis explaining the greater proportion of True responses given by Ss with low scores on the R scale of the MMPI when compared with Ss with high scores on the R scale was not supported in two experiments. The results supported the original hypothesis of Edwards and Abbott that the R scale is measuring in some degree the tendency to respond True to personality items and trait adjectives without regard to the substantive content…
Social Desirability and Judged Frequency of Occurrence
The conclusions of Bernhardson and Fisher regarding the “direct contribution” of the social desirability scale value and judged probability of occurrence in the population to the prediction of the proportion of respondents answering True to personality items were re-examined basing new estimates of “direct contribution” upon multiple regression model comparisons which emphasize the common “contribution” between the judged probability of occurrenc…
Improving the Validity of Affective Self-Report Measures Through Constructing Personality Scales Unconfounded With Social Desirability
Jackson's Personality Research Form (PRF) was investigated at the item and scale level with respect to the degree to which responses are confounded by social desirability. Jackson's usage of the differential validity index resulted in large proportions of items neutral in social desirability and scales relatively balanced in the number of items keyed for socially desirable and socially undesirable responses. These item and scale characteristics, …
Design of a Keller-Plan Course in Elementary Statistics
The design of a Keller-plan course in statistics was discussed
Moderation of Achievement Prediction in an Elementary School Metric Curriculum by Trait X Instructional Method Interactions
The interaction of mental ability and two instructional methods (instructor-paced guided discovery and student-paced mastery learning) was investigated for a second grade linear metric curriculum unit. As predicted, mental ability was positively ( r = .71) correlated with achievement for students ( N = 47) taught by the guided discovery method, but mental ability was essentially uncorrelated ( r = .12) with achievement on the metric unit for stud…
Development and Construct Validation of a Set of Student Rating-of-Instruction Items
The development and implementation in a psychology department of a set of student rating-of-instruction items was discussed. The results of item descriptive statistics, correlational, and principal component analysis supported the construct validity of the items
The role of dissimulation and social desirability in the measurement of moral reasoning
The Development of Scales Measuring Teacher Attitudes Toward Instruction in Written Composition
Preview this article: The Development of Scales Measuring Teacher Attitudes Toward Instruction in Written Composition: A Preliminary Investigation, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/rte/15/1/researchintheteachingofenglish15783-1.gif
Validity of Student Ratings for Two Affective Outcomes of Introductory Psychology
The correlation between student rating of instructor and affective outcomes of instruction was studied in two samples (n = 388 and n = 344) of Introductory Psychology students enrolled in 18 different classes. Correlations were calculated within each class, for students pooled across classes, and between-class means. In general, correlations were positive and of the same magnitude as correlations between student ratings of instructor and cognitiv…
Reliability and Validity Evidence for Scales Measuring Dimensions of Student Ratings of Instruction
In three studies, students in introductory psychology classes evaluated their instructor on a set of student-rating-of-instruction items. Based upon item content and the results of a component analysis of the item intercorrelations in each of the three samples, four scales were constructed. High internal consistency estimates of reliability and similarities in the scale intercorrelations were present over the three studies. The scale scores were …
Talking About Writing
Preview this article: Talking About Writing: The Language of Writing Groups, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/rte/19/4/researchintheteachingofenglish15629-1.gif
Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men
The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported at study entry were inversely related to the risk of definite coronary heart disease in both age groups. In particular, among those …
Maintaining Mobility in Late Life. I. Demographic Characteristics and Chronic Conditions
To assess the role of demographic factors and chronic conditions in maintaining mobility in older persons, this study utilized longitudinal data collected as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly between 1981 and 1987 on 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older in East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa; and New Haven, Connecticut. Results are presented for those who at baseline rep…
Disentangling the Effects of Parental Drinking, Family Management, and Parental Alcohol Norms on Current Drinking by Black and White Adolescents
We examine three family influences identified 8.s risk factors for adolescent alcohol abuse, parental alcohol consumption, poor family management practices, and parental norms permissive of alcohol use by adolescents. To sort out the unique effects of these influences on alcohol use by Black and White adolescents, we present data from a longitudinal study and compare current alcohol users with noninitiators at ages 14 to 15. Data collected when t…
Psychology (63 works) · Developmental psychology (30 works) · Medicine (27 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Psychiatry (21 works) · Computer Science (18 works) · Clinical Psychology (17 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (14 works) · Juvenile delinquency (13 works) · Mathematics (13 works)