Alain Clémence
Biographic Data
| ID | 242518 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Alain Clémence |
| GIVEN NAMES | Alain |
| FAMILY NAME | Clémence |
| SIGNATURE | CLÉMENCE A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lausanne |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 148 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 23 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Concealing former identity to be accepted after the demobilization process in Colombia
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes underlie the issue of the adaptation of former combatants into civilian life, as well as their acceptance by the civilian population. In an ongoing conflict scenario like Colombia’s, some factors such as civilian hostility and discrimination can lead former combatants to opt for defensive strategies such as concealing their former identity or taking up arms again. Until 2016, 58’000 co…
Developing Attitude Measures Based on Respondents' Representations of Unfamiliar Objects
A key challenge in the design of effective survey questionnaires is to write questions that respondents can understand consistently. Recommendations in the questionnaire design literature propose the use of respondents' own terminology to facilitate comprehension and the response process. In this article, we propose an innovative questionnaire development method to construct items using respondents' own terminology. On the basis of statistical an…
Understanding Attitudes Toward Nuclear Energy After the Fukushima Accident
Objective The goal of this article is to understand the attitudes toward nuclear energy after the Fukushima accident. Such an analysis necessitates the avoidance of a dichotomous perspective (pro/against)—consider “supporter,” “neither‐nor,” and “opponent”—and to determine the effect of various factors on attitudes. Methods This study analyzes a 2013 Swiss survey that measures public attitudes toward nuclear energy. Results Public acceptance of n…
A social psychology of human rights rooted in asymmetric intergroup relations
Reflecting the increasing importance of human rights (HR) in legal theory and socialscientific research, psychologists and social scientists have developed an increased interest in the topic. Although the first systematic social psychological research that explicitly deals with HR dates back to the 1990s, particularly that of Willem Doise and his colleagues (Doise, 2002), researchers have recently rediscovered both the political and the scientifi…
Moral disengagement in the legitimation and realization of aggressive behavior in soccer and ice hockey
The aim of the present study was to verify that the level of tolerance for aggression is higher in a collective context than in an individual context (polarization effect), and to test the association between moral disengagement, team and self-attitudes toward aggression, and tolerance and realization of aggressive acts in Swiss male soccer and ice hockey. In individual or collective answering conditions, 104 soccer and 98 ice hockey players view…
The Quantitative Analysis of Social Representations
Part 1: Common Knowledge: Anutomatic Cluster Analysis. Automatic Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Correspondence Analysis - Interpretation of the Dimensions of the Social Representational Field. Statistical Structure and Objectification. Part 2: Shared Knowledge and Individual Positions: Three Basic Notions in the Multivariate Approach to Individual Differences. Factor Analysis. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Individual Differ…
Representações da masculinidade e da feminilidade e retratos de homens e mulheres na literatura portuguesa
Uma análise dos trabalhos produzidos no último século sobre as representações da masculinidade e da feminilidade revela que estas foram objecto de poucas transformações, apesar das importantes mudanças ocorridas na situação social das mulheres. As imagens dos homens e das mulheres transmitidas pela família, pela escola e pelos meios de comunicação social também não reflectem as transformações da vida das mulheres. Por isso, muitos autores conclue…
Transformações das representações da violência no contexto escolar
Apresentamos uma investigação sobre a violência no contexto escolar realizada na Suiça francófona. A orientação teórica fundamenta-se no processo de transformação da representação social da violência no contexto das análises que os especialistas e os leigos fazem de agressão. Diferentes definições da violência são discutidas na perspetiva desenvolvimentista da identidade social e das dinâmicas das relações escolares. Os resultados indicam que a r…
Dynamic social representations of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic
We investigate dynamics of public perceptions of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic to understand changing patterns of sense-making and blame regarding the outbreak of emerging infectious diseases. We draw on social representation theory combined with a dramaturgical perspective to identify changes in how various collectives are depicted over the course of the pandemic, according to three roles: heroes, villains and victims. Quantitative results ba…
Man-made black holes and Big Bangs
Drawing on Social Representations Theory, this study investigates focalisation and anchoring during the diffusion of information concerning the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the particle accelerator at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN). We hypothesised that people focus on striking elements of the message, abandoning others, that the nature of the initial information affects diffusion of information, and that information is anc…
Fundamental Beliefs, Origin Explanations and Perceived Effectiveness of Protection Measures
Laypersons' chains of reasoning in explaining recent influenza outbreaks are investigated. Drawing on social representations theory, fundamental worldviews, that is, the belief in a dangerous world (BDW), are postulated to anchor explanations of disease origins, which in turn affect perceived effectiveness of protection measures. Our study, based on a longitudinal survey among the general public in Switzerland, showed that the lower people's BDW …
Opposition to Antiracism Laws Across Swiss Municipalities
Public opposition to antiracism laws—an expression of prejudice toward immigrants—is widespread in Switzerland as well as in other European countries. Using data from the European Social Survey 2002 (N = 1,711), the present study examined across Swiss municipalities individual and contextual predictors of opposition to such laws and of two well‐established antecedents of prejudice: perceived threat and intergroup contact. The study extends multil…
Trust in medical organizations predicts pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination behavior and perceived efficacy of protection measures in the Swiss public
Lay perceptions of collectives at the outbreak of the H1N1 epidemic
Lay perceptions of collectives (e.g., groups, organizations, countries) implicated in the 2009 H1N1 outbreak were studied. Collectives serve symbolic functions to help laypersons make sense of the uncertainty involved in a disease outbreak. We argue that lay representations are dramatized, featuring characters like heroes, villains and victims. In interviews conducted soon after the outbreak, 47 Swiss respondents discussed the risk posed by H1N1,…
Social Representations
This commentary outlines an approach to social representations which emphasizes the normative and dynamic nature of shared knowledge. Social representations both connect and divide people, for example through shared ingroup and outgroup stereotypes derived from antagonistic social representations. Through asymmetrical intergroup communication and influence, in turn, social representations are formed, maintained, and contested. In this dynamic pro…
Keeping the vermin out
Integrating evolutionary and social representations theories, the current study examines the relationship between perceived disease threat and exclusionary immigration attitudes in the context of a potential avian influenza pandemic. This large‐scale disease provides a realistic context for investigating the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes. The main aim of this cross‐sectional study ( N = 412) was to explore mechanisms throu…
Disturbing life events and wellbeing after 80 years of age
This paper assesses the impact of disturbing life events over five years on the wellbeing of 340 people aged 80–84 years at baseline, by analysing data from a longitudinal survey in Switzerland. The guiding proposition was that the negative effect of life events is moderated by the event domain, i.e . health, deaths and changes in family setting and relationships, and by cognitive adaptation to one's own health state (adopting a more or less opti…
Human rights studied as social representations in a cross‐national context
A questionnaire study using the 30 Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was conducted in 35 countries (N=6791 students). The basic assumption was that human rights can be studied as social representations following the model of Doise, Clémence, & Lorenzi-Cioldi (1993). The existence of a shared meaning system concerning the 30 articles in different countries was demonstrated. Individual attitudes toward the whole set of rights we…
Representation of human rights across different national contexts
This research studied judgements and inferences on human rights across democratic and non-democratic national contexts. It is argued that when judging different countries, lay perceivers make use of representations of the country's inhabitants. Stereotypically democratic and non-democratic characteristics of national populations are employed as a basis of political judgements, especially in democratic contexts. In three studies the bases of repre…
Les prises de position de jeunes face à la drogue en Suisse
Les spécialistes sont divisés sur l'explication et le traitement de la toxicomanie. Avec le développement du SIDA, l'opposition entre des conceptions différentes de la prévention a transformé l'antagonisme entre prises de position libérale ou répressive face à Tabus de drogues. Les travaux sur les représentations sociales ont montré que les discours savants influencent les analyses quotidiennes de problèmes sociaux. Nous examinons cet impact dans…
Les théories de la dissonance cognitive
En 1957, Festinger proposait une theorie qui evoquait un moyen redoutable d’amener les individus a changer d’attitude. La theorie de la dissonance cognitive expliquait, en effet, comment un sujet induit a realiser un comportement contraire a ses convictions transforme ses opinions en direction de ce comportement. Ce phenomene de persuasion n’est qu’une illustration de la theorie de Festinger qui vise a rendre compte de facon plus generale des eff…
Effect of social‐class belonging on the cognitive dissonance resulting from threat severity
Results of two experiments using a ‘forbidden toy’ paradigm partially confirm those of a former study which showed an interaction between social‐class level of the children and threat severity on the final rankings of the toy. Lower‐class children derogated the forbidden toy more than middle‐class children in the harsh threat condition. Opposed results were observed in the mild threat condition. Interpretation of such results seems difficult in t…
Popular Culture, Religion and Everyday Life
Cet article présente quelques résultats d'une recherche sur la population de 65 ans et plus du Valais central (pays catholique, région périphérique, semi-rurale et montagnarde) et du canton de Genève (région de tradition protestante et situation urbaine). Les résultats obtenus d'une enquête par questionnaire auprès de deux échantillons aléatoires de 800 personnes chacun mettent en lumière le contraste entre la position monopolistique occupée par …
The Quantitative Analysis of Social Representations
Part 1: Common Knowledge: Anutomatic Cluster Analysis. Automatic Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Correspondence Analysis - Interpretation of the Dimensions of the Social Representational Field. Statistical Structure and Objectification. Part 2: Shared Knowledge and Individual Positions: Three Basic Notions in the Multivariate Approach to Individual Differences. Factor Analysis. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Individual Differ…
Opposition to Antiracism Laws Across Swiss Municipalities
Public opposition to antiracism laws—an expression of prejudice toward immigrants—is widespread in Switzerland as well as in other European countries. Using data from the European Social Survey 2002 (N = 1,711), the present study examined across Swiss municipalities individual and contextual predictors of opposition to such laws and of two well‐established antecedents of prejudice: perceived threat and intergroup contact. The study extends multil…
Social Representations
This commentary outlines an approach to social representations which emphasizes the normative and dynamic nature of shared knowledge. Social representations both connect and divide people, for example through shared ingroup and outgroup stereotypes derived from antagonistic social representations. Through asymmetrical intergroup communication and influence, in turn, social representations are formed, maintained, and contested. In this dynamic pro…
Keeping the vermin out
Integrating evolutionary and social representations theories, the current study examines the relationship between perceived disease threat and exclusionary immigration attitudes in the context of a potential avian influenza pandemic. This large‐scale disease provides a realistic context for investigating the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes. The main aim of this cross‐sectional study ( N = 412) was to explore mechanisms throu…
Fundamental Beliefs, Origin Explanations and Perceived Effectiveness of Protection Measures
Laypersons' chains of reasoning in explaining recent influenza outbreaks are investigated. Drawing on social representations theory, fundamental worldviews, that is, the belief in a dangerous world (BDW), are postulated to anchor explanations of disease origins, which in turn affect perceived effectiveness of protection measures. Our study, based on a longitudinal survey among the general public in Switzerland, showed that the lower people's BDW …
Concealing former identity to be accepted after the demobilization process in Colombia
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes underlie the issue of the adaptation of former combatants into civilian life, as well as their acceptance by the civilian population. In an ongoing conflict scenario like Colombia’s, some factors such as civilian hostility and discrimination can lead former combatants to opt for defensive strategies such as concealing their former identity or taking up arms again. Until 2016, 58’000 co…
Developing Attitude Measures Based on Respondents' Representations of Unfamiliar Objects
A key challenge in the design of effective survey questionnaires is to write questions that respondents can understand consistently. Recommendations in the questionnaire design literature propose the use of respondents' own terminology to facilitate comprehension and the response process. In this article, we propose an innovative questionnaire development method to construct items using respondents' own terminology. On the basis of statistical an…
A social psychology of human rights rooted in asymmetric intergroup relations
Reflecting the increasing importance of human rights (HR) in legal theory and socialscientific research, psychologists and social scientists have developed an increased interest in the topic. Although the first systematic social psychological research that explicitly deals with HR dates back to the 1990s, particularly that of Willem Doise and his colleagues (Doise, 2002), researchers have recently rediscovered both the political and the scientifi…
Moral disengagement in the legitimation and realization of aggressive behavior in soccer and ice hockey
The aim of the present study was to verify that the level of tolerance for aggression is higher in a collective context than in an individual context (polarization effect), and to test the association between moral disengagement, team and self-attitudes toward aggression, and tolerance and realization of aggressive acts in Swiss male soccer and ice hockey. In individual or collective answering conditions, 104 soccer and 98 ice hockey players view…
Les prises de position de jeunes face à la drogue en Suisse
Les spécialistes sont divisés sur l'explication et le traitement de la toxicomanie. Avec le développement du SIDA, l'opposition entre des conceptions différentes de la prévention a transformé l'antagonisme entre prises de position libérale ou répressive face à Tabus de drogues. Les travaux sur les représentations sociales ont montré que les discours savants influencent les analyses quotidiennes de problèmes sociaux. Nous examinons cet impact dans…
Effect of social‐class belonging on the cognitive dissonance resulting from threat severity
Results of two experiments using a ‘forbidden toy’ paradigm partially confirm those of a former study which showed an interaction between social‐class level of the children and threat severity on the final rankings of the toy. Lower‐class children derogated the forbidden toy more than middle‐class children in the harsh threat condition. Opposed results were observed in the mild threat condition. Interpretation of such results seems difficult in t…
Popular Culture, Religion and Everyday Life
Cet article présente quelques résultats d'une recherche sur la population de 65 ans et plus du Valais central (pays catholique, région périphérique, semi-rurale et montagnarde) et du canton de Genève (région de tradition protestante et situation urbaine). Les résultats obtenus d'une enquête par questionnaire auprès de deux échantillons aléatoires de 800 personnes chacun mettent en lumière le contraste entre la position monopolistique occupée par …
Effect of social‐class belonging on the cognitive dissonance resulting from threat severity
Results of two experiments using a ‘forbidden toy’ paradigm partially confirm those of a former study which showed an interaction between social‐class level of the children and threat severity on the final rankings of the toy. Lower‐class children derogated the forbidden toy more than middle‐class children in the harsh threat condition. Opposed results were observed in the mild threat condition. Interpretation of such results seems difficult in t…
Les théories de la dissonance cognitive
En 1957, Festinger proposait une theorie qui evoquait un moyen redoutable d’amener les individus a changer d’attitude. La theorie de la dissonance cognitive expliquait, en effet, comment un sujet induit a realiser un comportement contraire a ses convictions transforme ses opinions en direction de ce comportement. Ce phenomene de persuasion n’est qu’une illustration de la theorie de Festinger qui vise a rendre compte de facon plus generale des eff…
Les prises de position de jeunes face à la drogue en Suisse
Les spécialistes sont divisés sur l'explication et le traitement de la toxicomanie. Avec le développement du SIDA, l'opposition entre des conceptions différentes de la prévention a transformé l'antagonisme entre prises de position libérale ou répressive face à Tabus de drogues. Les travaux sur les représentations sociales ont montré que les discours savants influencent les analyses quotidiennes de problèmes sociaux. Nous examinons cet impact dans…
Representation of human rights across different national contexts
This research studied judgements and inferences on human rights across democratic and non-democratic national contexts. It is argued that when judging different countries, lay perceivers make use of representations of the country's inhabitants. Stereotypically democratic and non-democratic characteristics of national populations are employed as a basis of political judgements, especially in democratic contexts. In three studies the bases of repre…
Human rights studied as social representations in a cross‐national context
A questionnaire study using the 30 Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was conducted in 35 countries (N=6791 students). The basic assumption was that human rights can be studied as social representations following the model of Doise, Clémence, & Lorenzi-Cioldi (1993). The existence of a shared meaning system concerning the 30 articles in different countries was demonstrated. Individual attitudes toward the whole set of rights we…
Disturbing life events and wellbeing after 80 years of age
This paper assesses the impact of disturbing life events over five years on the wellbeing of 340 people aged 80–84 years at baseline, by analysing data from a longitudinal survey in Switzerland. The guiding proposition was that the negative effect of life events is moderated by the event domain, i.e . health, deaths and changes in family setting and relationships, and by cognitive adaptation to one's own health state (adopting a more or less opti…
Keeping the vermin out
Integrating evolutionary and social representations theories, the current study examines the relationship between perceived disease threat and exclusionary immigration attitudes in the context of a potential avian influenza pandemic. This large‐scale disease provides a realistic context for investigating the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes. The main aim of this cross‐sectional study ( N = 412) was to explore mechanisms throu…
Trust in medical organizations predicts pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination behavior and perceived efficacy of protection measures in the Swiss public
Lay perceptions of collectives at the outbreak of the H1N1 epidemic
Lay perceptions of collectives (e.g., groups, organizations, countries) implicated in the 2009 H1N1 outbreak were studied. Collectives serve symbolic functions to help laypersons make sense of the uncertainty involved in a disease outbreak. We argue that lay representations are dramatized, featuring characters like heroes, villains and victims. In interviews conducted soon after the outbreak, 47 Swiss respondents discussed the risk posed by H1N1,…
Social Representations
This commentary outlines an approach to social representations which emphasizes the normative and dynamic nature of shared knowledge. Social representations both connect and divide people, for example through shared ingroup and outgroup stereotypes derived from antagonistic social representations. Through asymmetrical intergroup communication and influence, in turn, social representations are formed, maintained, and contested. In this dynamic pro…
Opposition to Antiracism Laws Across Swiss Municipalities
Public opposition to antiracism laws—an expression of prejudice toward immigrants—is widespread in Switzerland as well as in other European countries. Using data from the European Social Survey 2002 (N = 1,711), the present study examined across Swiss municipalities individual and contextual predictors of opposition to such laws and of two well‐established antecedents of prejudice: perceived threat and intergroup contact. The study extends multil…
Dynamic social representations of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic
We investigate dynamics of public perceptions of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic to understand changing patterns of sense-making and blame regarding the outbreak of emerging infectious diseases. We draw on social representation theory combined with a dramaturgical perspective to identify changes in how various collectives are depicted over the course of the pandemic, according to three roles: heroes, villains and victims. Quantitative results ba…
Man-made black holes and Big Bangs
Drawing on Social Representations Theory, this study investigates focalisation and anchoring during the diffusion of information concerning the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the particle accelerator at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN). We hypothesised that people focus on striking elements of the message, abandoning others, that the nature of the initial information affects diffusion of information, and that information is anc…
Fundamental Beliefs, Origin Explanations and Perceived Effectiveness of Protection Measures
Laypersons' chains of reasoning in explaining recent influenza outbreaks are investigated. Drawing on social representations theory, fundamental worldviews, that is, the belief in a dangerous world (BDW), are postulated to anchor explanations of disease origins, which in turn affect perceived effectiveness of protection measures. Our study, based on a longitudinal survey among the general public in Switzerland, showed that the lower people's BDW …
The Quantitative Analysis of Social Representations
Part 1: Common Knowledge: Anutomatic Cluster Analysis. Automatic Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Correspondence Analysis - Interpretation of the Dimensions of the Social Representational Field. Statistical Structure and Objectification. Part 2: Shared Knowledge and Individual Positions: Three Basic Notions in the Multivariate Approach to Individual Differences. Factor Analysis. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Individual Differ…
Representações da masculinidade e da feminilidade e retratos de homens e mulheres na literatura portuguesa
Uma análise dos trabalhos produzidos no último século sobre as representações da masculinidade e da feminilidade revela que estas foram objecto de poucas transformações, apesar das importantes mudanças ocorridas na situação social das mulheres. As imagens dos homens e das mulheres transmitidas pela família, pela escola e pelos meios de comunicação social também não reflectem as transformações da vida das mulheres. Por isso, muitos autores conclue…
Transformações das representações da violência no contexto escolar
Apresentamos uma investigação sobre a violência no contexto escolar realizada na Suiça francófona. A orientação teórica fundamenta-se no processo de transformação da representação social da violência no contexto das análises que os especialistas e os leigos fazem de agressão. Diferentes definições da violência são discutidas na perspetiva desenvolvimentista da identidade social e das dinâmicas das relações escolares. Os resultados indicam que a r…
A social psychology of human rights rooted in asymmetric intergroup relations
Reflecting the increasing importance of human rights (HR) in legal theory and socialscientific research, psychologists and social scientists have developed an increased interest in the topic. Although the first systematic social psychological research that explicitly deals with HR dates back to the 1990s, particularly that of Willem Doise and his colleagues (Doise, 2002), researchers have recently rediscovered both the political and the scientifi…
Moral disengagement in the legitimation and realization of aggressive behavior in soccer and ice hockey
The aim of the present study was to verify that the level of tolerance for aggression is higher in a collective context than in an individual context (polarization effect), and to test the association between moral disengagement, team and self-attitudes toward aggression, and tolerance and realization of aggressive acts in Swiss male soccer and ice hockey. In individual or collective answering conditions, 104 soccer and 98 ice hockey players view…
Understanding Attitudes Toward Nuclear Energy After the Fukushima Accident
Objective The goal of this article is to understand the attitudes toward nuclear energy after the Fukushima accident. Such an analysis necessitates the avoidance of a dichotomous perspective (pro/against)—consider “supporter,” “neither‐nor,” and “opponent”—and to determine the effect of various factors on attitudes. Methods This study analyzes a 2013 Swiss survey that measures public attitudes toward nuclear energy. Results Public acceptance of n…
Concealing former identity to be accepted after the demobilization process in Colombia
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes underlie the issue of the adaptation of former combatants into civilian life, as well as their acceptance by the civilian population. In an ongoing conflict scenario like Colombia’s, some factors such as civilian hostility and discrimination can lead former combatants to opt for defensive strategies such as concealing their former identity or taking up arms again. Until 2016, 58’000 co…
Developing Attitude Measures Based on Respondents' Representations of Unfamiliar Objects
A key challenge in the design of effective survey questionnaires is to write questions that respondents can understand consistently. Recommendations in the questionnaire design literature propose the use of respondents' own terminology to facilitate comprehension and the response process. In this article, we propose an innovative questionnaire development method to construct items using respondents' own terminology. On the basis of statistical an…
Psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Political science (13 works) · Law (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Politics (7 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (7 works) · Epistemology (6 works)