Mark G Macklin
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 244882 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Mark G Macklin |
| PRENOMES | Mark G |
| SOBRENOME | Macklin |
| ASSINATURA | MACKLIN M G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Aberystwyth University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4167-2033 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 217 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Fluvial Response to Environmental Change in Sub-Tropical Australia over the Past 220 Ka
This paper uses a 30 m record of valley alluviation in the Lockyer Creek, a major tributary of the mid-Brisbane River in Southeast Queensland, to document the timing and nature of Quaternary fluvial response. A combination of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating reveals a sequence of major cut and fill episodes. The earliest aggradation phase is represented by a basal gravel unit, dating to ~220 ka (marine isotope sub-stage 7d…
Maintaining the Ramesside Empire
Pharaonic Egypt ruled Upper Nubia (now northern Sudan) from around 1450 to 1070 BCE : previous research has demonstrated how co-opted local elites and descendants of earlier immigrants held senior administrative positions following the initial conquest. Strontium isotope data from 39 individuals buried at the colonial centre of Amara West, combined with archaeological and epigraphic evidence, enable us to demonstrate that elites continued to arri…
Characterising mine wastes as archaeological landscapes
Industrial‐scale metal mining has long been a feature of developing economies. Processing ores to recover minerals has generated large quantities of waste rock, tailings and contaminants. Mining‐related deposits, along with associated soil and water geochemistry, river modifications and other environmental changes, are a product of the nature, scale and intensity of past operations. These artefacts of historical mining create anthropogenic landsc…
Three thousand years of river channel engineering in the Nile Valley
Across a 1000‐km stretch of the River Nile, from the 1st Cataract in southern Egypt to the 4th Cataract in Sudan, many hundreds of drystone walls are located within active channels, on seasonally inundated floodplains or in now‐dry Holocene palaeochannel belts. These walls (or river groynes) functioned as flood and flow control structures and are of a type now commonly in use worldwide. In the Nile Valley, the structures have been subject only to…
Society and sediment in the Mining Rivers of California and Australia
Historical dredge mining as a significant anthropomorphic agent in river systems
Bucket dredging to mine and extract gold and tin from rivers is a global industry that has had a range of negative effects on physical environments. These include the destruction of riparian soil profiles and structures, artificial channel straightening and loss of in-stream biodiversity. In this paper we evaluate the immediate effects and long-term consequences of bucket dredging on rivers in Victoria and New South Wales during the period 1900–1…
The Form and Abandonment of the City of Kuik-Mardan, Otrar Oasis, Kazakhstan in the Early Islamic Period
A joint Kazakh-British archaeological initiative undertook a survey and excavation of the city of Kuik-Mardan, one of the largest of the seventy or so known settlements in the Otrar oasis on the Syr-Darya river, Kazakhstan. Several complimentary field techniques were employed including unmanned aerial vehicle photomapping and an extensive programme of radiometric dating. The radiocarbon dates obtained are the first for any city in the oasis and a…
Art-geoscience encounters and entanglements in the watery realm
This paper critically explores a 40-year collaboration between a geomorphologist and a relief printmaker from the perspective of the emerging art-science paradigm in the geosciences. Drawing on the authors’ work and practice worldwide, ‘standard art-science’ (the artist as communicator and observer) and emerging ‘transdisciplinary/paradisciplinary’ practices are explored in the watery realm. While standard art-science ‘encounters’ were viewed fav…
Mining modification of river systems
Mobilisation of large volumes of bedrock, regolith and soil has long been a characteristic feature of metal mining. Before the 20th century this was most efficiently achieved through harnessing the motive power of water. Large‐scale water use in mining produced waste sands, gravels and silts that were flushed downstream, triggering changes in stream and floodplain morphology and function. During the 19th century the shift from artisanal to indust…
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2018
The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2018 celebration, with contributions from Professors Wendy Larner, Mark Macklin, Yadvinder Malhi, Bhaskar Vira, and Paul Rose. The speeches include comments on: the importance of geography for solving the most pressing of societal…
Reconstruction of historical riverine sediment production on the goldfields of Victoria, Australia
The Geography of the Anthropocene in N ew Z ealand
N ew Z ealand provides a useful environment to test the notion that the Anthropocene is a new geological epoch. There are two well‐dated anthropogenic impact ‘events’: P olynesian settlement c. AD 1280, and E uropean colonisation c. AD 1800. Little attention, however, has been given to regional catchment response to these, although it has been assumed that both P olynesian and E uropean farming and land use management practices significantly incr…
Anthropogenic alluvium
Agro-industrial alluvium in the Swale catchment, northern England, as an event marker for the Anthropocene
Physically and chemically distinctive late-Prehistoric and historical age alluvial deposits are characteristic of many upland and lowland river systems in the UK. Despite their widespread distribution, there have been few attempts to construct robust chronologies or to identify environmental factors that governed their formation. The Swale catchment in northern England is typical in this respect, with large areas of its valley floor covered by se…
Clay mineral variations in Holocene terrestrial sediments from the Indus Basin
We employed X-ray diffraction methods to quantify clay mineral assemblages in the Indus Delta and flood plains since ~ 14 ka, spanning a period of strong climatic change. Assemblages are dominated by smectite and illite, with minor chlorite and kaolinite. Delta sediments integrate clays from across the basin and show increasing smectite input between 13 and 7.5 ka, indicating stronger chemical weathering as the summer monsoon intensified. Changes…
Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization
The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We report morphologic and chronologic evidence indicati…
Flood series data for the later Holocene
Flood sediments characterise the alluvial record, though the series of floods these deposits record is a complex one because of variable deposition in different alluvial subenvironments. To date, flood sequences in the UK have been analysed using upland boulder berms, vertically accreting fills in contracting channels, cutoff fills and flood basin deposits. These cover different timespans ranging from c. 100—300 yr (berms and channel fills) to a …
Changing climate and extreme floods in the British uplands
Recent devastating flood events in the British uplands have focused attention on flood prediction and risk assessment, and highlighted one of the most important challenges facing river basin managers in the UK. The short instrumental record of river flow in the UK and the sparse distribution of gauges in upland river basins hamper predictions of future flooding. In this study, we compare and evaluate all lichen‐dated flood deposits from UK upland…
Past hydrological events reflected in the Holocene fluvial record of Europe
Pervasive and long-term forcing of Holocene river instability and flooding in Great Britain by centennial-scale climate change
This paper presents the first probability-based record of flooding in Europe that spans the entire Holocene. An analysis of 506 14 C dated fluvial units collected across the whole of Great Britain provides a novel and robust methodology for improving flood risk assessment by geographically and temporally extending the record of extreme flood events. Sixteen episodes of increased flooding occurrence are identified, 12 of which (at c. 11 160, 5730,…
Climate, floods and river gods
A conspicuous gap in the radiocarbon record of the Iron Gates Mesolithic suggests that many riverbank sites were abandoned between c 8250 and 7900 cal BP.1 This period of site abandonment is linked to increased flooding along the Danube, which can be correlated with a distinct global climatic oscillation. The implications of these environmental changes for the interpretation of Lepenski Vir and the timing of the Meso–Neolithic transition in the n…
Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe
Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh eviden…
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context
The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolith…
Alluvial landscapes in the temperate Balkan Neolithic
This paper focuses on the 5th-millennium BC shift from short-term habitations to permanent tell settlements in southern Romania: from the Criş, Dudeşti and Boian to the Gumelniţa Cultures. Archaeological and geomorphologic data suggest that changes in river stability conditioned shifts in settlement and economies
Quantitative sourcing of slackwater deposits at Boila rockshelter
Evidence for large floods in the Pindus Mountains of Northwest Greece during the Lateglacial period is provided by a sequence of fine‐grained slackwater sediments preserved beneath the Late Upper Paleolithic deposits at Boila rockshelter in the Voidomatis River basin. We have applied a quantitative sediment fingerprinting approach to estimate the relative contributions from different catchment sediment sources to these flood sediments. Our approa…
Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe
Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh eviden…
Pervasive and long-term forcing of Holocene river instability and flooding in Great Britain by centennial-scale climate change
This paper presents the first probability-based record of flooding in Europe that spans the entire Holocene. An analysis of 506 14 C dated fluvial units collected across the whole of Great Britain provides a novel and robust methodology for improving flood risk assessment by geographically and temporally extending the record of extreme flood events. Sixteen episodes of increased flooding occurrence are identified, 12 of which (at c. 11 160, 5730,…
Mediaeval Lead Pollution in the River Ouse at York, England
Reconstruction of historical riverine sediment production on the goldfields of Victoria, Australia
Anthropogenic alluvium
Fewer People, Less Erosion
Detailed investigations of household livelihoods in the valleys of Tarija, southern Bolivia, show how the resources of many different localities are used to provide a satisfactory living without necessarily reducing the stock of resources in the longer term. Historical studies of changes in the numbers of people and livestock show how land-use systems have evolved in recent centuries, and studies of river basins reveal the extent to which the fre…
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context
The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolith…
Climate, floods and river gods
A conspicuous gap in the radiocarbon record of the Iron Gates Mesolithic suggests that many riverbank sites were abandoned between c 8250 and 7900 cal BP.1 This period of site abandonment is linked to increased flooding along the Danube, which can be correlated with a distinct global climatic oscillation. The implications of these environmental changes for the interpretation of Lepenski Vir and the timing of the Meso–Neolithic transition in the n…
Flood-Plain Sedimentation in the Upper Axe Valley, Mendip, England
The River Axe is a groundwater-fed stream whose catchment has experienced metal mining in the past. Its channel activity rates are low and recent alluviation appears to have occurred by overbank deposition of fine-grained sediment. The influence of mining on flood-plain sedimentation over a period of nearly 300 years is examined through the analysis of sediment heavy metal chemistry. The most recent phase of mining (1858-1908) is particularly wel…
Changing climate and extreme floods in the British uplands
Recent devastating flood events in the British uplands have focused attention on flood prediction and risk assessment, and highlighted one of the most important challenges facing river basin managers in the UK. The short instrumental record of river flow in the UK and the sparse distribution of gauges in upland river basins hamper predictions of future flooding. In this study, we compare and evaluate all lichen‐dated flood deposits from UK upland…
Three thousand years of river channel engineering in the Nile Valley
Across a 1000‐km stretch of the River Nile, from the 1st Cataract in southern Egypt to the 4th Cataract in Sudan, many hundreds of drystone walls are located within active channels, on seasonally inundated floodplains or in now‐dry Holocene palaeochannel belts. These walls (or river groynes) functioned as flood and flow control structures and are of a type now commonly in use worldwide. In the Nile Valley, the structures have been subject only to…
Agro-industrial alluvium in the Swale catchment, northern England, as an event marker for the Anthropocene
Physically and chemically distinctive late-Prehistoric and historical age alluvial deposits are characteristic of many upland and lowland river systems in the UK. Despite their widespread distribution, there have been few attempts to construct robust chronologies or to identify environmental factors that governed their formation. The Swale catchment in northern England is typical in this respect, with large areas of its valley floor covered by se…
Quantitative sourcing of slackwater deposits at Boila rockshelter
Evidence for large floods in the Pindus Mountains of Northwest Greece during the Lateglacial period is provided by a sequence of fine‐grained slackwater sediments preserved beneath the Late Upper Paleolithic deposits at Boila rockshelter in the Voidomatis River basin. We have applied a quantitative sediment fingerprinting approach to estimate the relative contributions from different catchment sediment sources to these flood sediments. Our approa…
Mining modification of river systems
Mobilisation of large volumes of bedrock, regolith and soil has long been a characteristic feature of metal mining. Before the 20th century this was most efficiently achieved through harnessing the motive power of water. Large‐scale water use in mining produced waste sands, gravels and silts that were flushed downstream, triggering changes in stream and floodplain morphology and function. During the 19th century the shift from artisanal to indust…
The Geography of the Anthropocene in N ew Z ealand
N ew Z ealand provides a useful environment to test the notion that the Anthropocene is a new geological epoch. There are two well‐dated anthropogenic impact ‘events’: P olynesian settlement c. AD 1280, and E uropean colonisation c. AD 1800. Little attention, however, has been given to regional catchment response to these, although it has been assumed that both P olynesian and E uropean farming and land use management practices significantly incr…
Human-environment interactions during the Holocene
Investigations of the archaeological, geochemical, microscopic charcoal and palynological records from five localities in the Oban area, along an altitudinal transect from coast to upland, have provided new information on human–environment interactions during the Holocene. Some of the results are at variance with previous interpretations of Mesolithic human impacts and the timing of the transition to farming in Atlantic Scotland. High charcoal va…
A generic geomorphological approach to archaeological interpretation and prospection in British river valleys
Landscape archaeology depends greatly on the nature of the underlying physical landscape, and an understanding of its formation processes and change. We are pleased to publish this contribution on the Holocene river valleys of Britain, which provides important guidance on the integration of archaeological and geomorphological evidence, in building models for assessing potential archaeological preservation and erosion
The “older fill” of the voidomatis valley, North-west Greece and its relationship to the Palaeolithic archaeology and glacial history of the region
Characterising mine wastes as archaeological landscapes
Industrial‐scale metal mining has long been a feature of developing economies. Processing ores to recover minerals has generated large quantities of waste rock, tailings and contaminants. Mining‐related deposits, along with associated soil and water geochemistry, river modifications and other environmental changes, are a product of the nature, scale and intensity of past operations. These artefacts of historical mining create anthropogenic landsc…
Society and sediment in the Mining Rivers of California and Australia
Flood series data for the later Holocene
Flood sediments characterise the alluvial record, though the series of floods these deposits record is a complex one because of variable deposition in different alluvial subenvironments. To date, flood sequences in the UK have been analysed using upland boulder berms, vertically accreting fills in contracting channels, cutoff fills and flood basin deposits. These cover different timespans ranging from c. 100—300 yr (berms and channel fills) to a …
Alluvial landscapes in the temperate Balkan Neolithic
This paper focuses on the 5th-millennium BC shift from short-term habitations to permanent tell settlements in southern Romania: from the Criş, Dudeşti and Boian to the Gumelniţa Cultures. Archaeological and geomorphologic data suggest that changes in river stability conditioned shifts in settlement and economies
River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England
Holocene alluvial sediment sequences and floodplain geomorphological histories from three valley-floor sequences in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin have been determined using a variety of field evidence and laboratory methods: geomorphological mapping, sediment coring and trenching, physical and chemical analysis of sedimentary units, and 14 C dating. The application of multiple methods has revealed contrasting phases of river erosion, alluviation and d…
Stone Age Settlement in South-Eastern Ireland
Historical dredge mining as a significant anthropomorphic agent in river systems
Bucket dredging to mine and extract gold and tin from rivers is a global industry that has had a range of negative effects on physical environments. These include the destruction of riparian soil profiles and structures, artificial channel straightening and loss of in-stream biodiversity. In this paper we evaluate the immediate effects and long-term consequences of bucket dredging on rivers in Victoria and New South Wales during the period 1900–1…
Flood-Plain Sedimentation in the Upper Axe Valley, Mendip, England
The River Axe is a groundwater-fed stream whose catchment has experienced metal mining in the past. Its channel activity rates are low and recent alluviation appears to have occurred by overbank deposition of fine-grained sediment. The influence of mining on flood-plain sedimentation over a period of nearly 300 years is examined through the analysis of sediment heavy metal chemistry. The most recent phase of mining (1858-1908) is particularly wel…
Flood-Plain Sedimentation in the Upper Axe Valley, Mendip, England
I am most grateful for Drs Cundill and Whittingtons' most comprehensive comments on pollen results reported in my recent article in Transactions. I feel, however, that I must put their reservations in context by pointing out that discussion of pollen recovered from the core constituted only 10 lines of my paper and had no bearing on linking metal mining and historic floodplain sedimentation at the site, which was th central theme of the paper
The “older fill” of the voidomatis valley, North-west Greece and its relationship to the Palaeolithic archaeology and glacial history of the region
Late Quaternary Fluvial Sedimentation in the Voidomatis Basin, Epirus, Northwest Greece
Detailed morpho- and lithostratigraphic investigations, allied with radiometric dating, in the Voidomatis basin, Epirus, northwest Greece, have identified four Quaternary terraced alluvial fills that range from middle Pleistocene to historic in age. Major-periods of alluviation during the late Quaternary were associated with valley glaciation (ca. 26,000–20,000 yr B.P.) and subsequent deglaciation (ca. 20,000–15,000 yr B.P.) in the Pindus Mountai…
Archaeological Landscapes, Lithic Scatters, and Human Behavior
A Holocene Alluvial Sequence in the lower Tyne Valley, Northern Britain
Palaeoenvironmental investigations have been made of late Quaternary sediments infilling the lower Tyne valley at Scotswood, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 18 km upstream from the mouth of the river. Attention has focused on the Holocene alluvial sedimentary sequence using sedimentological, geochemical and palynological analyses. Holocene valley floor development from c. 7500 BP has been largely dominated by a tendency towards river aggradation with some l…
Stone Age Settlement in South-Eastern Ireland
Fewer People, Less Erosion
Detailed investigations of household livelihoods in the valleys of Tarija, southern Bolivia, show how the resources of many different localities are used to provide a satisfactory living without necessarily reducing the stock of resources in the longer term. Historical studies of changes in the numbers of people and livestock show how land-use systems have evolved in recent centuries, and studies of river basins reveal the extent to which the fre…
Mediaeval Lead Pollution in the River Ouse at York, England
A generic geomorphological approach to archaeological interpretation and prospection in British river valleys
Landscape archaeology depends greatly on the nature of the underlying physical landscape, and an understanding of its formation processes and change. We are pleased to publish this contribution on the Holocene river valleys of Britain, which provides important guidance on the integration of archaeological and geomorphological evidence, in building models for assessing potential archaeological preservation and erosion
Human-environment interactions during the Holocene
Investigations of the archaeological, geochemical, microscopic charcoal and palynological records from five localities in the Oban area, along an altitudinal transect from coast to upland, have provided new information on human–environment interactions during the Holocene. Some of the results are at variance with previous interpretations of Mesolithic human impacts and the timing of the transition to farming in Atlantic Scotland. High charcoal va…
River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England
Holocene alluvial sediment sequences and floodplain geomorphological histories from three valley-floor sequences in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin have been determined using a variety of field evidence and laboratory methods: geomorphological mapping, sediment coring and trenching, physical and chemical analysis of sedimentary units, and 14 C dating. The application of multiple methods has revealed contrasting phases of river erosion, alluviation and d…
Quaternary environmental change in Cyrenaica evidenced by U-Th, ESR and OSL dating of coastal alluvial fan sequences
The coastal alluvial fan sequences of Cyrenaica are important archives of environmental change data, but hitherto relatively little has been known about their formative processes and rates. The Wadi Zewana coastal fan near Tolmeita was studied and a range of dating techniques (U-Th, ESR and OSL) applied to selected components of the stratigraphy. The sequence spans the last two global glacial periods separated by an Interglacial. Cemented alluvia…
Quantitative sourcing of slackwater deposits at Boila rockshelter
Evidence for large floods in the Pindus Mountains of Northwest Greece during the Lateglacial period is provided by a sequence of fine‐grained slackwater sediments preserved beneath the Late Upper Paleolithic deposits at Boila rockshelter in the Voidomatis River basin. We have applied a quantitative sediment fingerprinting approach to estimate the relative contributions from different catchment sediment sources to these flood sediments. Our approa…
Climate, floods and river gods
A conspicuous gap in the radiocarbon record of the Iron Gates Mesolithic suggests that many riverbank sites were abandoned between c 8250 and 7900 cal BP.1 This period of site abandonment is linked to increased flooding along the Danube, which can be correlated with a distinct global climatic oscillation. The implications of these environmental changes for the interpretation of Lepenski Vir and the timing of the Meso–Neolithic transition in the n…
Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe
Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh eviden…
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context
The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolith…
Alluvial landscapes in the temperate Balkan Neolithic
This paper focuses on the 5th-millennium BC shift from short-term habitations to permanent tell settlements in southern Romania: from the Criş, Dudeşti and Boian to the Gumelniţa Cultures. Archaeological and geomorphologic data suggest that changes in river stability conditioned shifts in settlement and economies
Pervasive and long-term forcing of Holocene river instability and flooding in Great Britain by centennial-scale climate change
This paper presents the first probability-based record of flooding in Europe that spans the entire Holocene. An analysis of 506 14 C dated fluvial units collected across the whole of Great Britain provides a novel and robust methodology for improving flood risk assessment by geographically and temporally extending the record of extreme flood events. Sixteen episodes of increased flooding occurrence are identified, 12 of which (at c. 11 160, 5730,…
Past hydrological events reflected in the Holocene fluvial record of Europe
Changing climate and extreme floods in the British uplands
Recent devastating flood events in the British uplands have focused attention on flood prediction and risk assessment, and highlighted one of the most important challenges facing river basin managers in the UK. The short instrumental record of river flow in the UK and the sparse distribution of gauges in upland river basins hamper predictions of future flooding. In this study, we compare and evaluate all lichen‐dated flood deposits from UK upland…
Flood series data for the later Holocene
Flood sediments characterise the alluvial record, though the series of floods these deposits record is a complex one because of variable deposition in different alluvial subenvironments. To date, flood sequences in the UK have been analysed using upland boulder berms, vertically accreting fills in contracting channels, cutoff fills and flood basin deposits. These cover different timespans ranging from c. 100—300 yr (berms and channel fills) to a …
Clay mineral variations in Holocene terrestrial sediments from the Indus Basin
We employed X-ray diffraction methods to quantify clay mineral assemblages in the Indus Delta and flood plains since ~ 14 ka, spanning a period of strong climatic change. Assemblages are dominated by smectite and illite, with minor chlorite and kaolinite. Delta sediments integrate clays from across the basin and show increasing smectite input between 13 and 7.5 ka, indicating stronger chemical weathering as the summer monsoon intensified. Changes…
Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization
The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We report morphologic and chronologic evidence indicati…
Agro-industrial alluvium in the Swale catchment, northern England, as an event marker for the Anthropocene
Physically and chemically distinctive late-Prehistoric and historical age alluvial deposits are characteristic of many upland and lowland river systems in the UK. Despite their widespread distribution, there have been few attempts to construct robust chronologies or to identify environmental factors that governed their formation. The Swale catchment in northern England is typical in this respect, with large areas of its valley floor covered by se…
Geography (34 obras) · Archaeology (32 obras) · Geology (26 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (22 obras) · Geomorphology (16 obras) · Holocene (14 obras) · Sediment (14 obras) · Structural basin (14 obras) · Floodplain (13 obras) · Fluvial (13 obras)