Lee A Lillard
Biographic Data
| ID | 245248 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lee A Lillard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lee A |
| FAMILY NAME | Lillard |
| SIGNATURE | LILLARD L A |
| AFFILIATIONS | RAND Corporation |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 862 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage, and fertility
We examined the determinants of nonmarital fertility, focusing on the effects of other life-course events: education, marriage, marital dissolution, and marital fertility. Since these determinants are potentially endogenous, we modeled the processes that generate them jointly with nonmarital fertility and accounted for the sequencing of events and the unobserved correlations across processes. The results showed that the risk of nonmarital concept…
Inconsistencies in reporting the occurrence and timing of first intercourse among adolescents
Two types of reporting inconsistency for sexual initiation were analyzed--event occurrence and its timing--using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Overall, 11.1% of those who reported they were sexually active at the time of first interview denied this at the subsequent one. Males of each race/ethnic group had higher percentages of inconsistency than their female counterparts. Being older, n…
Patterns of Intergenerational Transfers in Southeast Asia
This article explores motivations for intergenerational exchanges of time and money using data from Indonesia. The extent of exchange and underlying motivations differ across families but substantial evidence supports the theory that transfers within families serve as insurance for family members. The results also suggest that between some parents and children money is exchanged for time. Additionally, some evidence is consistent with the idea th…
Interrelated family-building behaviors: Cohabitation, marriage, and nonmarital conception
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 are used to estimate a series of models of entry into marriage, entry into cohabitation, and nonmarital pregnancy. Our models account explicitly for the endogeneity of one outcome as a predictor of another by taking into account both heterogeneity across individuals due to unmeasured factors that may affect all these outcomes and the correlation in the unmeasured factors a…
Uncertain Health and Survival: Effects on End-of-Life Consumption
This article analyzes the impact of health and survival uncertainty on the saving and consumption decisions of retirees. A dynamic programming approach is used to model the household's planning problem. The utility parameters are estimated using panel data. We find that a fall into poor health raises the marginal utility from consumption. Simulations are used to indicate the effects of falling into poor health and loss of spouse. They reveal a la…
Reproductive history, socioeconomic status, and self-reported health status of women aged 50 years or older
OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the relationship between self-reported general health status and several facets of reproductive history. METHODS: We analyzed survey data on a national probability sample of 1341 women aged 50 and older from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We used multivariate regression techniques to control for differences in health indices that assessed health status and functioning. RESULTS: Women with a history of six or …
Motives for intergenerational transfers: Evidence from Malaysia
In this paper we discuss a number of hypotheses about motives for intergenerational transfers within the family. We use data on time and money transfers between generations in Malaysia, where there is neither Social Security nor Medicare, to explore these hypotheses empirically. We find evidence supporting the hypotheses that children are an important source of old age security and that old age security is, in part, children s repayment for paren…
Marital status and mortality: The role of health
Prior literature has shown that married men live longer than unmarried men. Possible explanations are that marriage protects its incumbents or that healthier men select themselves into marriage. Protective effects, however, introduce the possibility of adverse selection: Those in poor health have an incentive to marry. In this paper we explore the role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns, and distinguish protective effects fro…
Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection
Married couples who began their relationship by cohabiting appear to face an increased risk of marital dissolution, which may be due to self-selection of more dissolution-prone individuals into cohabitation before marriage. This paper uses newly developed econometric methods to explicitly address the endogeneity of cohabitation before marriage in the hazard of marital disruption by allowing the unobserved heterogeneity components to be correlated…
Child Mortality in Malaysia: Explaining Ethnic Differences and the Recent Decline
Infant and child mortality rates have dropped sharply for all ethnic groups in Malaysia between 1950 and 1988, but persistent ethnic differences remain. In this article we assess the contribution of several potential reasons both for the decline and the remaining differences between the Malay and Chinese sub-populations. Increased use of health inputs is found to explain a substantial part of the decline, but increased education of mothers, and i…
Til Death Do Us Part: Marital Disruption and Mortality
Both men and women appear to benefit from being married. This article uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the extent to which three key factors-financial well-being, living arrangements, and marital history-account for this relationship. The authors model mortality using a flexible hazard model and find that both married men and women show substantially lower risks of dying than those who are not married. The study's resu…
Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Effects of Family and State in Malaysia
Lee A. Lillard, Robert J. Willis, Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Effects of Family and State in Malaysia, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 29, No. 4, Special Issue: The Family and Intergenerational Relations (Autumn, 1994), pp. 1126-1166
Sociodemographic and health factors in driving patterns after 50 years of age
Data from the 1990 Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to predict, by means of logistic regression, the likelihood that people who had previously driven would continue to drive and to drive after dark after 50 years of age. The results support the conclusion that driving patterns appear to be explained partly by a combination of sociodemographic factors and health status. Furthermore, it is shown that those reported to drive for nondrivers a…
Simultaneous equations for hazards
A Joint Model of Marital Childbearing and Marital Disruption
Married couples with children appear to be less likely to end their marriages than childless couples, especially when the children are young. Although this suggests that children affect the chances that their parents will divorce, the process may not be so simple: the chances that the marriage will last also may affect couples’ willingness to make the commitment to the marriage implied by having children. This paper uses data from the Panel Study…
Children and Marital Disruption
Children constitute the prime example of "marital-specific capital," a resource worth substantially more inside a marriage than outside it. This article examines the effect of children on marital stability, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and tests the propositions that (1)children enhance marital stability, (2) younger children increase stability more than older children, and (3) under some circumstances children have no stab…
The Panel Study of Income Dynamics after Fourteen Years: An Evaluation
This article considers the representativeness of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) over its 14-year history from 1968 to 1981 given the dynamics of entry and exit from the panel. By 1981, 40% of the original members had left the sample and were replaced by new entrants who joined either existing households or new households being formed by members of the original sample. We consider the distribution of demographic characteristics and earn…
Preventive care: Do we practice what we preach
We used insurance claims from enrollees in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment to determine the amount of selected components of preventive care received by a representative sample of the non-aged population in the United States and to determine whether insurance coverage was an important determinant of that amount. Only 45 percent of infants received timely immunization for DPT and polio; 93 per cent received some well child care by 18 months o…
What Do We Really Know about Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation
In the most frequently used microdata sets, over a quarter of all respondents now refuse to answer some questions about their incomes. The Census Bureau has dealt with this problem, which has been increasing in severity over time, by imputing incomes of non-respondents. Their imputation procedure, called the "hot deck," essentially matches nonrespondents with demographically similar donors. In this paper we evaluate the census imputation methodol…
Time-of-Day Electricity Consumption Response to Temperature and the Ownership of Air Conditioning Appliances
This article is concerned with the endogeneity of air conditioning appliance ownership in the consumption of electricity by time of day (TOD). Both TOD consumption and air conditioning appliance ownership depend on temperature level and on household responsiveness to temperature variation, as well as on other measured household characteristics. The article presents an appropriate econometric methodology and applies it to obtain estimates and perf…
Measuring Peak Load Pricing Response From Experimental Data: An Exploratory Analysis
Beginning in March 1979 and continuing for 24 months, approximately 480 Southern California Edison (SCE) residential customers faced time-of-use (TOU) rates for electricity. These sample households were spread over three temperature zones and five consumption levels, and faced two definitions of the peak (off-peak) period and four peak/off-peak price ratios. To supply a reference case for subsequent comparisons to SCE's current domestic rate, a s…
Dynamic Aspects of Earning Mobility
Abs tract This paper proposes an econometric methodology to deal with life cycle earnings and mobility among discrete earnings classes. First, we use panel data on male log earnings to estimate an earnings function with permanent and serially correlated transitory components due to both measured and unmeasured variables. Assuming that the error components are normally distributed, we develop statements for the probability that an individual's ear…
Experience, Vintage, and Time Effects in the Growth of Earnings: American Scientists, 1960-1970
This paper is concerned with the growth of individual earnings over time. Four aspects of time are distinguished: experience, age, vintage and calendar year. The first section of the paper provides a brief outline of a theory of planned growth in earnings. The second and main section of the paper is devoted to an empirical attempt to estimate the role of experience, vintage and age on the growth in earnings and to separate these effects from exog…
Til Death Do Us Part: Marital Disruption and Mortality
Both men and women appear to benefit from being married. This article uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the extent to which three key factors-financial well-being, living arrangements, and marital history-account for this relationship. The authors model mortality using a flexible hazard model and find that both married men and women show substantially lower risks of dying than those who are not married. The study's resu…
Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection
Married couples who began their relationship by cohabiting appear to face an increased risk of marital dissolution, which may be due to self-selection of more dissolution-prone individuals into cohabitation before marriage. This paper uses newly developed econometric methods to explicitly address the endogeneity of cohabitation before marriage in the hazard of marital disruption by allowing the unobserved heterogeneity components to be correlated…
Children and Marital Disruption
Children constitute the prime example of "marital-specific capital," a resource worth substantially more inside a marriage than outside it. This article examines the effect of children on marital stability, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and tests the propositions that (1)children enhance marital stability, (2) younger children increase stability more than older children, and (3) under some circumstances children have no stab…
Marital status and mortality: The role of health
Prior literature has shown that married men live longer than unmarried men. Possible explanations are that marriage protects its incumbents or that healthier men select themselves into marriage. Protective effects, however, introduce the possibility of adverse selection: Those in poor health have an incentive to marry. In this paper we explore the role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns, and distinguish protective effects fro…
A Joint Model of Marital Childbearing and Marital Disruption
Married couples with children appear to be less likely to end their marriages than childless couples, especially when the children are young. Although this suggests that children affect the chances that their parents will divorce, the process may not be so simple: the chances that the marriage will last also may affect couples’ willingness to make the commitment to the marriage implied by having children. This paper uses data from the Panel Study…
Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage, and fertility
We examined the determinants of nonmarital fertility, focusing on the effects of other life-course events: education, marriage, marital dissolution, and marital fertility. Since these determinants are potentially endogenous, we modeled the processes that generate them jointly with nonmarital fertility and accounted for the sequencing of events and the unobserved correlations across processes. The results showed that the risk of nonmarital concept…
Interrelated family-building behaviors: Cohabitation, marriage, and nonmarital conception
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 are used to estimate a series of models of entry into marriage, entry into cohabitation, and nonmarital pregnancy. Our models account explicitly for the endogeneity of one outcome as a predictor of another by taking into account both heterogeneity across individuals due to unmeasured factors that may affect all these outcomes and the correlation in the unmeasured factors a…
Patterns of Intergenerational Transfers in Southeast Asia
This article explores motivations for intergenerational exchanges of time and money using data from Indonesia. The extent of exchange and underlying motivations differ across families but substantial evidence supports the theory that transfers within families serve as insurance for family members. The results also suggest that between some parents and children money is exchanged for time. Additionally, some evidence is consistent with the idea th…
Motives for intergenerational transfers: Evidence from Malaysia
In this paper we discuss a number of hypotheses about motives for intergenerational transfers within the family. We use data on time and money transfers between generations in Malaysia, where there is neither Social Security nor Medicare, to explore these hypotheses empirically. We find evidence supporting the hypotheses that children are an important source of old age security and that old age security is, in part, children s repayment for paren…
Inconsistencies in reporting the occurrence and timing of first intercourse among adolescents
Two types of reporting inconsistency for sexual initiation were analyzed--event occurrence and its timing--using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Overall, 11.1% of those who reported they were sexually active at the time of first interview denied this at the subsequent one. Males of each race/ethnic group had higher percentages of inconsistency than their female counterparts. Being older, n…
Reproductive history, socioeconomic status, and self-reported health status of women aged 50 years or older
OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the relationship between self-reported general health status and several facets of reproductive history. METHODS: We analyzed survey data on a national probability sample of 1341 women aged 50 and older from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We used multivariate regression techniques to control for differences in health indices that assessed health status and functioning. RESULTS: Women with a history of six or …
What Do We Really Know about Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation
In the most frequently used microdata sets, over a quarter of all respondents now refuse to answer some questions about their incomes. The Census Bureau has dealt with this problem, which has been increasing in severity over time, by imputing incomes of non-respondents. Their imputation procedure, called the "hot deck," essentially matches nonrespondents with demographically similar donors. In this paper we evaluate the census imputation methodol…
Preventive care: Do we practice what we preach
We used insurance claims from enrollees in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment to determine the amount of selected components of preventive care received by a representative sample of the non-aged population in the United States and to determine whether insurance coverage was an important determinant of that amount. Only 45 percent of infants received timely immunization for DPT and polio; 93 per cent received some well child care by 18 months o…
Child Mortality in Malaysia: Explaining Ethnic Differences and the Recent Decline
Infant and child mortality rates have dropped sharply for all ethnic groups in Malaysia between 1950 and 1988, but persistent ethnic differences remain. In this article we assess the contribution of several potential reasons both for the decline and the remaining differences between the Malay and Chinese sub-populations. Increased use of health inputs is found to explain a substantial part of the decline, but increased education of mothers, and i…
Sociodemographic and health factors in driving patterns after 50 years of age
Data from the 1990 Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to predict, by means of logistic regression, the likelihood that people who had previously driven would continue to drive and to drive after dark after 50 years of age. The results support the conclusion that driving patterns appear to be explained partly by a combination of sociodemographic factors and health status. Furthermore, it is shown that those reported to drive for nondrivers a…
Experience, Vintage, and Time Effects in the Growth of Earnings: American Scientists, 1960-1970
This paper is concerned with the growth of individual earnings over time. Four aspects of time are distinguished: experience, age, vintage and calendar year. The first section of the paper provides a brief outline of a theory of planned growth in earnings. The second and main section of the paper is devoted to an empirical attempt to estimate the role of experience, vintage and age on the growth in earnings and to separate these effects from exog…
Dynamic Aspects of Earning Mobility
Abs tract This paper proposes an econometric methodology to deal with life cycle earnings and mobility among discrete earnings classes. First, we use panel data on male log earnings to estimate an earnings function with permanent and serially correlated transitory components due to both measured and unmeasured variables. Assuming that the error components are normally distributed, we develop statements for the probability that an individual's ear…
Experience, Vintage, and Time Effects in the Growth of Earnings: American Scientists, 1960-1970
This paper is concerned with the growth of individual earnings over time. Four aspects of time are distinguished: experience, age, vintage and calendar year. The first section of the paper provides a brief outline of a theory of planned growth in earnings. The second and main section of the paper is devoted to an empirical attempt to estimate the role of experience, vintage and age on the growth in earnings and to separate these effects from exog…
Time-of-Day Electricity Consumption Response to Temperature and the Ownership of Air Conditioning Appliances
This article is concerned with the endogeneity of air conditioning appliance ownership in the consumption of electricity by time of day (TOD). Both TOD consumption and air conditioning appliance ownership depend on temperature level and on household responsiveness to temperature variation, as well as on other measured household characteristics. The article presents an appropriate econometric methodology and applies it to obtain estimates and perf…
Measuring Peak Load Pricing Response From Experimental Data: An Exploratory Analysis
Beginning in March 1979 and continuing for 24 months, approximately 480 Southern California Edison (SCE) residential customers faced time-of-use (TOU) rates for electricity. These sample households were spread over three temperature zones and five consumption levels, and faced two definitions of the peak (off-peak) period and four peak/off-peak price ratios. To supply a reference case for subsequent comparisons to SCE's current domestic rate, a s…
What Do We Really Know about Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation
In the most frequently used microdata sets, over a quarter of all respondents now refuse to answer some questions about their incomes. The Census Bureau has dealt with this problem, which has been increasing in severity over time, by imputing incomes of non-respondents. Their imputation procedure, called the "hot deck," essentially matches nonrespondents with demographically similar donors. In this paper we evaluate the census imputation methodol…
Preventive care: Do we practice what we preach
We used insurance claims from enrollees in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment to determine the amount of selected components of preventive care received by a representative sample of the non-aged population in the United States and to determine whether insurance coverage was an important determinant of that amount. Only 45 percent of infants received timely immunization for DPT and polio; 93 per cent received some well child care by 18 months o…
The Panel Study of Income Dynamics after Fourteen Years: An Evaluation
This article considers the representativeness of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) over its 14-year history from 1968 to 1981 given the dynamics of entry and exit from the panel. By 1981, 40% of the original members had left the sample and were replaced by new entrants who joined either existing households or new households being formed by members of the original sample. We consider the distribution of demographic characteristics and earn…
Children and Marital Disruption
Children constitute the prime example of "marital-specific capital," a resource worth substantially more inside a marriage than outside it. This article examines the effect of children on marital stability, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, and tests the propositions that (1)children enhance marital stability, (2) younger children increase stability more than older children, and (3) under some circumstances children have no stab…
Simultaneous equations for hazards
A Joint Model of Marital Childbearing and Marital Disruption
Married couples with children appear to be less likely to end their marriages than childless couples, especially when the children are young. Although this suggests that children affect the chances that their parents will divorce, the process may not be so simple: the chances that the marriage will last also may affect couples’ willingness to make the commitment to the marriage implied by having children. This paper uses data from the Panel Study…
Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Effects of Family and State in Malaysia
Lee A. Lillard, Robert J. Willis, Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Effects of Family and State in Malaysia, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 29, No. 4, Special Issue: The Family and Intergenerational Relations (Autumn, 1994), pp. 1126-1166
Sociodemographic and health factors in driving patterns after 50 years of age
Data from the 1990 Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to predict, by means of logistic regression, the likelihood that people who had previously driven would continue to drive and to drive after dark after 50 years of age. The results support the conclusion that driving patterns appear to be explained partly by a combination of sociodemographic factors and health status. Furthermore, it is shown that those reported to drive for nondrivers a…
Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection
Married couples who began their relationship by cohabiting appear to face an increased risk of marital dissolution, which may be due to self-selection of more dissolution-prone individuals into cohabitation before marriage. This paper uses newly developed econometric methods to explicitly address the endogeneity of cohabitation before marriage in the hazard of marital disruption by allowing the unobserved heterogeneity components to be correlated…
Child Mortality in Malaysia: Explaining Ethnic Differences and the Recent Decline
Infant and child mortality rates have dropped sharply for all ethnic groups in Malaysia between 1950 and 1988, but persistent ethnic differences remain. In this article we assess the contribution of several potential reasons both for the decline and the remaining differences between the Malay and Chinese sub-populations. Increased use of health inputs is found to explain a substantial part of the decline, but increased education of mothers, and i…
Til Death Do Us Part: Marital Disruption and Mortality
Both men and women appear to benefit from being married. This article uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the extent to which three key factors-financial well-being, living arrangements, and marital history-account for this relationship. The authors model mortality using a flexible hazard model and find that both married men and women show substantially lower risks of dying than those who are not married. The study's resu…
Marital status and mortality: The role of health
Prior literature has shown that married men live longer than unmarried men. Possible explanations are that marriage protects its incumbents or that healthier men select themselves into marriage. Protective effects, however, introduce the possibility of adverse selection: Those in poor health have an incentive to marry. In this paper we explore the role of health in explaining mortality and marriage patterns, and distinguish protective effects fro…
Uncertain Health and Survival: Effects on End-of-Life Consumption
This article analyzes the impact of health and survival uncertainty on the saving and consumption decisions of retirees. A dynamic programming approach is used to model the household's planning problem. The utility parameters are estimated using panel data. We find that a fall into poor health raises the marginal utility from consumption. Simulations are used to indicate the effects of falling into poor health and loss of spouse. They reveal a la…
Reproductive history, socioeconomic status, and self-reported health status of women aged 50 years or older
OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the relationship between self-reported general health status and several facets of reproductive history. METHODS: We analyzed survey data on a national probability sample of 1341 women aged 50 and older from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We used multivariate regression techniques to control for differences in health indices that assessed health status and functioning. RESULTS: Women with a history of six or …
Motives for intergenerational transfers: Evidence from Malaysia
In this paper we discuss a number of hypotheses about motives for intergenerational transfers within the family. We use data on time and money transfers between generations in Malaysia, where there is neither Social Security nor Medicare, to explore these hypotheses empirically. We find evidence supporting the hypotheses that children are an important source of old age security and that old age security is, in part, children s repayment for paren…
Interrelated family-building behaviors: Cohabitation, marriage, and nonmarital conception
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 are used to estimate a series of models of entry into marriage, entry into cohabitation, and nonmarital pregnancy. Our models account explicitly for the endogeneity of one outcome as a predictor of another by taking into account both heterogeneity across individuals due to unmeasured factors that may affect all these outcomes and the correlation in the unmeasured factors a…
Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage, and fertility
We examined the determinants of nonmarital fertility, focusing on the effects of other life-course events: education, marriage, marital dissolution, and marital fertility. Since these determinants are potentially endogenous, we modeled the processes that generate them jointly with nonmarital fertility and accounted for the sequencing of events and the unobserved correlations across processes. The results showed that the risk of nonmarital concept…
Inconsistencies in reporting the occurrence and timing of first intercourse among adolescents
Two types of reporting inconsistency for sexual initiation were analyzed--event occurrence and its timing--using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Overall, 11.1% of those who reported they were sexually active at the time of first interview denied this at the subsequent one. Males of each race/ethnic group had higher percentages of inconsistency than their female counterparts. Being older, n…
Patterns of Intergenerational Transfers in Southeast Asia
This article explores motivations for intergenerational exchanges of time and money using data from Indonesia. The extent of exchange and underlying motivations differ across families but substantial evidence supports the theory that transfers within families serve as insurance for family members. The results also suggest that between some parents and children money is exchanged for time. Additionally, some evidence is consistent with the idea th…
Economics (19 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Demography (15 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Population (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Econometrics (8 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (8 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Demography (7 works)