Stuart J Fiedel
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 246513 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stuart J Fiedel |
| PRENOMES | Stuart J |
| SOBRENOME | Fiedel |
| ASSINATURA | FIEDEL S J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Independent |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9271-5481 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 279 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1987 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Current Understanding of the Earliest Human Occupations in the Americas
Various chronologies of the earliest Native American occupations have been proposed with varying levels of empirical support and conceptual rigor, yet none is widely accepted. A recent survey of pre-Clovis dated sites (Becerra-Valdivia and Higham 2020) concludes a pre-Last Glacial Maximum (>26,500–19,000 cal yr BP) entry of humans in the Americas, in part based on recent work at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico. We evaluate the evidence used to develop t…
Initial Human Colonization of the Americas, Redux
The study of the peopling of the Americas has been transformed in the past decade by astonishing progress in paleogenomic research. Ancient genomes now show that Native American ancestors were formed in Siberia or the Amur region by admixture of ca. 15–30% Ancient North Eurasian genes with those of East Asians. The Anzick infant, buried with Clovis bifaces at 12,900 cal BP, belonged to a group that was ancestral to later Native Central and South …
Pioneers from Northern Japan in Idaho 16,000 Years Ago? A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence from Cooper’s Ferry
Davis et al. (2019) recently presented the results of excavations at the Cooper’s Ferry site, located beside the Salmon River in Idaho. They claim that initial occupation of this site dates from ∼16,000 calendar years ago, that the first inhabitants came from northern Japan, and that this site conclusively demonstrates that “humans initially migrated into the Americas along the Pacific coast.” Here, we critically examine the chronological, geoarc…
Evaluating Claims of Early Human Occupation at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico
Archaeologists working in Mexico recently claimed evidence for pre-Last Glacial Maximum human occupation in the Americas, based on lithic items excavated from Chiquihuite Cave, Zacatecas. Although they provide extensive array of ancillary studies of the cave's chronostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental record, the data they present do not support their central argument, that these lithic items are anthropogenic and represent a unique lithic indus…
Did Monkeys Make the Pre-Clovis Pebble Tools of Northeastern Brazil
Brazilian capuchin monkeys use pebbles as tools for diverse tasks and thus unintentionally create flakes resembling those made by ancient hominins. Capuchins have been using tools in the Serra da Capivara National Park for at least 700 years, and they may have been using tools for more than 100,000 years. Monkeys now flake pebbles near the rockshelters where crude quartzite tools have been cited as evidence of a human presence more than 50,000 ye…
The Anzick genome proves Clovis is first, after all
Origins of the first Americans
Recent analyses of the preserved ancient genomes of the Mal’ta boy and Anzick infant have transformed our understanding of Native Americans’ origins. The Mal’ta genome shows that about one-third of Native American genetic ancestry is derived from admixture, about fifteen to twenty thousand years ago, of East Asians with a now-vanished population of interior southern Siberia. Living Native Americans are demonstrably the direct descendants of the p…
Confessions of a Clovis Mafioso
The spore conundrum
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)? Stuart J. Fiedel key words Paisley Caves, Pre-Clovis, Western Stemmed, Ancient DNA, Coprolites The date and processes of initial human colonization of the Americas are crucial issues for the understanding of human biological and cultural development. For example, Soares et al. (2009) cited the American archaeological record to validate their proposed revision of the human m…
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)
The date and processes of initial human colonization of the Americas are crucial issues for the understanding of human biological and cultural development. For example, Soares et al. (2009) cited the American archaeological record to validate their proposed revision of the human mitochondrial molecular clock. Their suggested mutation rate puts the date of rapid expansion of Native American clades at around 13,500–15,000 cal BP. Similarly, Poznik …
Assessment of Interlaboratory Pretreatment Protocols by Radiocarbon Dating an Elk Bone Found Below Laacher See Tephra at Miesenheim IV (Rhineland, Germany)
Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk ( Alces alces ) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quern of ∼11,060 yr BP (∼13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the resul…
Prehistory of the Americas
Comment on “Clovis and Western Stemmed
Beck and Jones (2010) assert that Clovis “was not first in the Intermountain West”; Western Stemmed points are older than fluted points; and the stemmed point makers derived from a hypothetical pre-13,000 cal B.P. Pacific Coast migration. A less tendentious review of the data suggests instead that Western Stemmed follows Clovis in this region, as previously inferred by Willig and Aikens.
Pre-Clovis in Texas? A critical assessment of the “Buttermilk Creek Complex”
Is More Precise Dating of Paleoindian Expansion Feasible
Recent efforts to precisely date the florescence of the Clovis culture in North America have been hampered by both practical and theoretical problems: 1) The era of Clovis expansion (about 11,200–10,700 BP or 13,200–12,700 cal BP) coincides with the gap between the anchored central European tree-ring sequence (back to 12,400 cal BP) and the floating Bølling-Allerød sequence; 2) Clovis seems to immediately precede the onset of the Younger Dryas (Y…
Sudden Deaths
"Comment on "Redefining the Age of Clovis
Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.
Radiocarbon Date Frequency as an Index of Intensity of Paleolithic Occupation of Siberia
Upper Paleolithic humans occupied southern Siberia by about 43,000–38,000 BP ( 14 C yr), and afterward continued to live there despite the very cold climate. If climatic conditions limited expansion of the colonizing population in northern Siberia, the Paleolithic ecumene should have contracted during the coldest episodes within the last 40,000 yr, and fewer 14 C-dated sites should be known from those periods. In fact, the human population seems …
On Custer's “Sins”
Man's best friend - mammoth's worst enemy? A speculative essay on the role of dogs in Paleoindian colonization and megafaunal extinction
Recent genetic studies indicate that the wolf ancestors of New World dogs were domesticated in East Asia, about 15,000 cal. bp. Although archaeological evidence of the earliest American dogs is very scarce, they probably accompanied the Paleoindians who crossed Beringia and occupied North America after 13,500 cal. bp. By providing humans with hunting assistance and transport capability, as well as an emergency food source, dogs may have facilitat…
Pendejo Cave . Richard S. MacNeish , Jane G. Libby
The Kennewick Follies
Recent archaeological finds and anthropological analyses of crania and molecular data have been widely construed as requiring radical revision of conventional views of Native American origins. However, ostensibly fresh ideas about multiple early migrations to the New World only reprise outmoded racialist speculations. The "Clovis-first" model, which entails rapid colonization from Beringia beginning ca. 13,500 cal BP, remains the most cogent inte…
A premature burial
Initial Human Colonization of the Americas
Ever since José de Acosta's prescient speculation, in 1590, that Native Americans were descended from “savage hunters” who had followed game animals across a land bridge from northeastern Asia into northwestern America (Acosta 1604), most serious scholars have assumed that this was the migration route. The main point of dispute has been the date when the ancestral Asians made the crossing. After many nineteenth-century claims of the discovery of …
The Peopling of the New World
Older Than We Thought
Radiocarbon dates for the terminal Pleistocene are about 2,000 years too young. Furthermore, because of significant carbon perturbations that are manifest as plateaus or abrupt jumps in age, radiocarbon dates of ca. 12,500 to 10,000 B.P. [14C] must be critically evaluated. The first successful human colonization of the Americas occurred not 11,500 but about 13,500 years ago. This basic chronological revision has important implications for models …
Man's best friend - mammoth's worst enemy? A speculative essay on the role of dogs in Paleoindian colonization and megafaunal extinction
Recent genetic studies indicate that the wolf ancestors of New World dogs were domesticated in East Asia, about 15,000 cal. bp. Although archaeological evidence of the earliest American dogs is very scarce, they probably accompanied the Paleoindians who crossed Beringia and occupied North America after 13,500 cal. bp. By providing humans with hunting assistance and transport capability, as well as an emergency food source, dogs may have facilitat…
Radiocarbon Date Frequency as an Index of Intensity of Paleolithic Occupation of Siberia
Upper Paleolithic humans occupied southern Siberia by about 43,000–38,000 BP ( 14 C yr), and afterward continued to live there despite the very cold climate. If climatic conditions limited expansion of the colonizing population in northern Siberia, the Paleolithic ecumene should have contracted during the coldest episodes within the last 40,000 yr, and fewer 14 C-dated sites should be known from those periods. In fact, the human population seems …
A premature burial
Blood from Stones? Some Methodological and Interpretive Problems in Blood Residue Analysis
Evaluating Claims of Early Human Occupation at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico
Archaeologists working in Mexico recently claimed evidence for pre-Last Glacial Maximum human occupation in the Americas, based on lithic items excavated from Chiquihuite Cave, Zacatecas. Although they provide extensive array of ancillary studies of the cave's chronostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental record, the data they present do not support their central argument, that these lithic items are anthropogenic and represent a unique lithic indus…
Pre-Clovis in Texas? A critical assessment of the “Buttermilk Creek Complex”
The Kennewick Follies
Recent archaeological finds and anthropological analyses of crania and molecular data have been widely construed as requiring radical revision of conventional views of Native American origins. However, ostensibly fresh ideas about multiple early migrations to the New World only reprise outmoded racialist speculations. The "Clovis-first" model, which entails rapid colonization from Beringia beginning ca. 13,500 cal BP, remains the most cogent inte…
Initial Human Colonization of the Americas
Ever since José de Acosta's prescient speculation, in 1590, that Native Americans were descended from “savage hunters” who had followed game animals across a land bridge from northeastern Asia into northwestern America (Acosta 1604), most serious scholars have assumed that this was the migration route. The main point of dispute has been the date when the ancestral Asians made the crossing. After many nineteenth-century claims of the discovery of …
Assessment of Interlaboratory Pretreatment Protocols by Radiocarbon Dating an Elk Bone Found Below Laacher See Tephra at Miesenheim IV (Rhineland, Germany)
Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk ( Alces alces ) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quern of ∼11,060 yr BP (∼13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the resul…
The spore conundrum
Is More Precise Dating of Paleoindian Expansion Feasible
Recent efforts to precisely date the florescence of the Clovis culture in North America have been hampered by both practical and theoretical problems: 1) The era of Clovis expansion (about 11,200–10,700 BP or 13,200–12,700 cal BP) coincides with the gap between the anchored central European tree-ring sequence (back to 12,400 cal BP) and the floating Bølling-Allerød sequence; 2) Clovis seems to immediately precede the onset of the Younger Dryas (Y…
Middle Woodland Algonquian Expansion
Glottochronological data suggest that there may have been two waves of Proto-Algonquian expansion, from a homeland north of Lake Ontario. Micmac may be a remnant outlier of the first wave, ca. 600–200 B.C. This initial expansion may be represented archaeologically by the widely distributed Early Point Peninsula culture group (or “Lake Forest Middle Woodland”). The second expansion seems to have occurred ca. A.D. 600, based on calculated divergenc…
Initial Human Colonization of the Americas, Redux
The study of the peopling of the Americas has been transformed in the past decade by astonishing progress in paleogenomic research. Ancient genomes now show that Native American ancestors were formed in Siberia or the Amur region by admixture of ca. 15–30% Ancient North Eurasian genes with those of East Asians. The Anzick infant, buried with Clovis bifaces at 12,900 cal BP, belonged to a group that was ancestral to later Native Central and South …
Prehistory of the Americas
Prehistory of the Americas
Middle Woodland Algonquian Expansion
Glottochronological data suggest that there may have been two waves of Proto-Algonquian expansion, from a homeland north of Lake Ontario. Micmac may be a remnant outlier of the first wave, ca. 600–200 B.C. This initial expansion may be represented archaeologically by the widely distributed Early Point Peninsula culture group (or “Lake Forest Middle Woodland”). The second expansion seems to have occurred ca. A.D. 600, based on calculated divergenc…
Prehistory of the Americas
Prehistory of the Americas
Blood from Stones? Some Methodological and Interpretive Problems in Blood Residue Analysis
Reply to Newman
Older Than We Thought
Radiocarbon dates for the terminal Pleistocene are about 2,000 years too young. Furthermore, because of significant carbon perturbations that are manifest as plateaus or abrupt jumps in age, radiocarbon dates of ca. 12,500 to 10,000 B.P. [14C] must be critically evaluated. The first successful human colonization of the Americas occurred not 11,500 but about 13,500 years ago. This basic chronological revision has important implications for models …
The Peopling of the New World
Initial Human Colonization of the Americas
Ever since José de Acosta's prescient speculation, in 1590, that Native Americans were descended from “savage hunters” who had followed game animals across a land bridge from northeastern Asia into northwestern America (Acosta 1604), most serious scholars have assumed that this was the migration route. The main point of dispute has been the date when the ancestral Asians made the crossing. After many nineteenth-century claims of the discovery of …
A premature burial
Pendejo Cave . Richard S. MacNeish , Jane G. Libby
The Kennewick Follies
Recent archaeological finds and anthropological analyses of crania and molecular data have been widely construed as requiring radical revision of conventional views of Native American origins. However, ostensibly fresh ideas about multiple early migrations to the New World only reprise outmoded racialist speculations. The "Clovis-first" model, which entails rapid colonization from Beringia beginning ca. 13,500 cal BP, remains the most cogent inte…
On Custer's “Sins”
Man's best friend - mammoth's worst enemy? A speculative essay on the role of dogs in Paleoindian colonization and megafaunal extinction
Recent genetic studies indicate that the wolf ancestors of New World dogs were domesticated in East Asia, about 15,000 cal. bp. Although archaeological evidence of the earliest American dogs is very scarce, they probably accompanied the Paleoindians who crossed Beringia and occupied North America after 13,500 cal. bp. By providing humans with hunting assistance and transport capability, as well as an emergency food source, dogs may have facilitat…
"Comment on "Redefining the Age of Clovis
Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.
Radiocarbon Date Frequency as an Index of Intensity of Paleolithic Occupation of Siberia
Upper Paleolithic humans occupied southern Siberia by about 43,000–38,000 BP ( 14 C yr), and afterward continued to live there despite the very cold climate. If climatic conditions limited expansion of the colonizing population in northern Siberia, the Paleolithic ecumene should have contracted during the coldest episodes within the last 40,000 yr, and fewer 14 C-dated sites should be known from those periods. In fact, the human population seems …
Sudden Deaths
Is More Precise Dating of Paleoindian Expansion Feasible
Recent efforts to precisely date the florescence of the Clovis culture in North America have been hampered by both practical and theoretical problems: 1) The era of Clovis expansion (about 11,200–10,700 BP or 13,200–12,700 cal BP) coincides with the gap between the anchored central European tree-ring sequence (back to 12,400 cal BP) and the floating Bølling-Allerød sequence; 2) Clovis seems to immediately precede the onset of the Younger Dryas (Y…
Prehistory of the Americas
Comment on “Clovis and Western Stemmed
Beck and Jones (2010) assert that Clovis “was not first in the Intermountain West”; Western Stemmed points are older than fluted points; and the stemmed point makers derived from a hypothetical pre-13,000 cal B.P. Pacific Coast migration. A less tendentious review of the data suggests instead that Western Stemmed follows Clovis in this region, as previously inferred by Willig and Aikens.
Pre-Clovis in Texas? A critical assessment of the “Buttermilk Creek Complex”
Assessment of Interlaboratory Pretreatment Protocols by Radiocarbon Dating an Elk Bone Found Below Laacher See Tephra at Miesenheim IV (Rhineland, Germany)
Four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities undertook an interlaboratory exercise designed to examine the reliability and reproducibility of radiocarbon determinations on bone by dating a sample of elk ( Alces alces ) from Miesenheim IV. This specimen is derived from a secure geological context directly beneath the Laacher See tephra, which provides a precise terminus ante quern of ∼11,060 yr BP (∼13,050 cal yr BP). Regrettably, the resul…
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)? Stuart J. Fiedel key words Paisley Caves, Pre-Clovis, Western Stemmed, Ancient DNA, Coprolites The date and processes of initial human colonization of the Americas are crucial issues for the understanding of human biological and cultural development. For example, Soares et al. (2009) cited the American archaeological record to validate their proposed revision of the human m…
Did Pre-Clovis People Inhabit the Paisley Caves (and Why Does It Matter)
The date and processes of initial human colonization of the Americas are crucial issues for the understanding of human biological and cultural development. For example, Soares et al. (2009) cited the American archaeological record to validate their proposed revision of the human mitochondrial molecular clock. Their suggested mutation rate puts the date of rapid expansion of Native American clades at around 13,500–15,000 cal BP. Similarly, Poznik …
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