Edith C Kieffer
Biographic Data
| ID | 2466573 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Edith C Kieffer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Edith C |
| FAMILY NAME | Kieffer |
| SIGNATURE | KIEFFER E C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1162-6178 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 88 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Racialization processes and depressive symptoms among pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women
This study examines how racialization processes (conceptualized as multilevel and dynamic processes) shape prenatal mental health by testing the association of discrimination and the John Henryism hypothesis on depressive symptoms for pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women. We analyzed baseline data ( n = 218) from a healthy lifestyle intervention for pregnant Latinas in Detroit, Michigan. Using separate multiple linear regression models, we exa…
Using Path Analysis and Linear Regression to Test for Gender and Participation
While the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher among Latino/as, Latino men are disproportionately affected and have poorer outcomes. We aimed to determine whether gender impacted any outcomes in a culturally tailored type 2 diabetes (T2D) intervention and to evaluate the effects of gender and intervention participation intensity on outcomes at 6-month follow-up. Nested path and regression models were compared with the likelihood …
Changes in Self-management During the Covid-19 Pandemic Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes at a Federally Qualified Health Center
Impact on Health Care Utilization and Costs of a Medicaid Community Health Worker Program in Detroit, 2018–2020
Objectives. To compare health care utilization and costs between beneficiaries randomly assigned to usual services versus a community health worker (CHW) program implemented by 3 Medicaid health plans. Methods. From February 2018 to June 2019, beneficiaries residing in Detroit, Michigan’s Cody Rouge neighborhood with more than 3 emergency department (ED) visits or at least 1 ambulatory care‒sensitive hospitalization in the previous 12 months were…
Beneficiaries' perspectives on improved oral health and its mediators after Medicaid expansion in Michigan
Michigan's Medicaid expansion contributed to self-reported improved oral health, which was associated with improved job outcomes. Policymakers should consider the importance of Medicaid dental coverage in reducing oral health disparities and improving the health and socioeconomic well-being of low-income adults and communities when considering this optional benefit
A Community Participatory Approach to Identify Common Evaluation Indicators for Community Health Worker Practice
Participatory identification, development, and uptake of a set of common indicators (CI) for CHW practice will allow data to be aggregated at multiple levels, potentially leading to more sustainable financing of CHW programs. Given that measurement drives practice, a set of common CHW indicators can help to preserve the flexibility and integrity of the CHW role
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Diabetes-Related Outcomes Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Correlates of Interpersonal Ethnoracial Discrimination Among Latino Adults with Diabetes
The purpose of this study is to identify the social and economic correlates of reported experiences of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination among Latino adults in Detroit. We examine whether the correlates of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination vary according to the domain of discrimination and compare findings for individual domains of discrimination to a composite measure of experiences of discrimination. This study suggests that the f…
Psychosocial Factors That Influence Health Care Use and Self-Management for African American and Latino Men With Type 2 Diabetes
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors that influence diabetes self-management and health care utilization among men of color with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from focus groups with African American men ( n = 9) and Latino men ( n = 13) who were part of a diabetes intervention. Sessions were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. Five themes were discussed in focus groups, including (a) social sup…
Dietary Outcomes in a Spanish-Language Randomized Controlled Diabetes Prevention Trial With Pregnant Latinas
Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based healthy lifestyle intervention in improving dietary behaviors of pregnant Latinas from 2004 to 2006 in Detroit, Michigan. Methods. The 11-week, culturally tailored, Spanish-language Healthy Mothers on the Move (MOMs) intervention offered home visits, group classes, related activities, and social support from trained community health workers (CHWs) and peers. Dietary behaviors were me…
Effect of the Healthy MOMs Lifestyle Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Latinas
Depression during the prenatal and postpartum periods is associated with poor maternal, perinatal and child outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of a culturally and linguistically tailored, social support‐based, healthy lifestyle intervention led by trained community health workers in reducing depressive symptoms among pregnant and early postpartum Latinas. A sample of 275 pregnant Latinas was randomized to the Healthy MOMs Healthy Lif…
Everyday Discrimination, Diabetes-Related Distress, and Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans and Latinos with Diabetes
The Voices of Limited English Proficiency Latina Mothers on Pediatric Primary Care
Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Intervention Among African American and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Objectives. We tested the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, behavioral theory–based community health worker intervention for improving glycemic control. Methods. We used a randomized, 6-month delayed control group design among 164 African American and Latino adult participants recruited from 2 health systems in Detroit, Michigan. Our study was guided by the principles of community-based participatory research. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level w…
Weight, Diet, and Physical Activity-Related Beliefs and Practices Among Pregnant and Postpartum Latino Women
The Influence of Maternal Weight and Glucose Tolerance on Infant Birthweight in Latino Mother–Infant Pairs
Objectives. We assessed the influence of maternal anthropometric and metabolic variables, including glucose tolerance, on infant birthweight. Methods. In our prospective, population-based cohort study of 1041 Latino mother–infant pairs, we used standardized interviews, anthropometry, metabolic assays, and medical record reviews. We assessed relationships among maternal sociodemographic, prenatal care, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics…
Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (Reach) Detroit Partnership
Objectives. We sought to determine the effects of a community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle intervention on risk factors for diabetes complications among African Americans and Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Methods. One hundred fifty-one African American and Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from 3 health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, to participate in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Detro…
Early Weaning Among Japanese Women in Hawaii
This study examined factors associated with early weaning among Japanese women in comparison with Caucasian women in Hawaii. A mailed survey was sent to all women who delivered an infant in Hawaii between January 1st 1989 and March 31st 1989. Only Japanese ( N =228) and Caucasian women ( N =439) were included in this study. All Japanese breast-feeding women in the study introduced formula at some point in time. Cox multivariate regression analysi…
Pregnancy outcomes of US-born and foreign-born Japanese Americans
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the birth outcomes of Japanese Americans, focusing on the role of the mother's place of birth. METHODS: Single live births to US-resident Japanese American mothers (n = 37,941) were selected from the 1983 through 1987 US linked live birth-infant death files. RESULTS: US-born mothers were more likely than foreign-born mothers to be less than 18 years old and not married, to start prenatal care early, and to more…
Nativity and infant feeding patterns among Filipino women in Hawaii
Infant feeding patterns of Filipinas living in Hawaii were studied based on maternal birth in the Philippines versus the United States. Data were obtained from a retrospective mailed survey of Hawaii resident women who gave birth in Hawaii January 1 to March 31, 1989, with a 51% response rate (N = 2,013). Of the 234 women who identified themselves as Filipina, 169 (72%) were born in the Philippines and 65 (24%) in the United States. Seventy perce…
The perinatal and infant health status of Native Hawaiians
Hawaii vital record data for 1979 through 1990 were analyzed to examine potentially differing relationships between maternal and infant risks and outcomes in native Hawaiian and White infants. Despite high rates of inadequate prenatal care and teenage and unmarried childbearing, the Hawaiian low-birth-weight rate was below the US average. Hawaiian infants experienced an elevated risk of mortality, particularly among those of normal birthweight du…
Pregnancy outcomes among Whites and Filipinos
Evidence from the Philippines suggests that, compared to Whites, infants born to Filipino women are more likely to be low birth weight. A paucity of information is available regarding birth outcomes of U.S.‐born Filipinos. Using 1979–1987 Hawaii vital record data on single live births to resident mothers, this study compares the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of White and Filipino mothers, Filipino mothers were significantly more…
Multiethnic variations in the pregnancy outcomes of military dependents
OBJECTIVES. We examined the pregnancy outcomes of three ethnic groups: African-American Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Filipinos. In an attempt to reduce ethnic dissimilarities in parental employment and access to health care, this investigation compared the single-live-birth outcomes of married, adult women who resided in the state of Hawaii and who indicated that their spouse was on active-duty status in the US military. METHODS. The data for…
Geographic patterns of low birth weight in Hawaii
Maternal nativity status and pregnancy outcome among U.S.‐born Filipinos
Using 1979-87 Hawaii vital record data on single live births, this study compares by nativity status of the mother the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of resident Filipino women. Among ethnic minorities in the United States, the pregnancy outcomes of U.S.-born mothers have been reported to compare unfavorably to their foreign-born counterparts. In this study, unequivocally preferential pregnancy outcome indicators were not observe…
Effect of the Healthy MOMs Lifestyle Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Latinas
Depression during the prenatal and postpartum periods is associated with poor maternal, perinatal and child outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of a culturally and linguistically tailored, social support‐based, healthy lifestyle intervention led by trained community health workers in reducing depressive symptoms among pregnant and early postpartum Latinas. A sample of 275 pregnant Latinas was randomized to the Healthy MOMs Healthy Lif…
Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Intervention Among African American and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Objectives. We tested the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, behavioral theory–based community health worker intervention for improving glycemic control. Methods. We used a randomized, 6-month delayed control group design among 164 African American and Latino adult participants recruited from 2 health systems in Detroit, Michigan. Our study was guided by the principles of community-based participatory research. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level w…
Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (Reach) Detroit Partnership
Objectives. We sought to determine the effects of a community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle intervention on risk factors for diabetes complications among African Americans and Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Methods. One hundred fifty-one African American and Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from 3 health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, to participate in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Detro…
Everyday Discrimination, Diabetes-Related Distress, and Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans and Latinos with Diabetes
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Diabetes-Related Outcomes Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Geographic patterns of low birth weight in Hawaii
Pregnancy outcomes of US-born and foreign-born Japanese Americans
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the birth outcomes of Japanese Americans, focusing on the role of the mother's place of birth. METHODS: Single live births to US-resident Japanese American mothers (n = 37,941) were selected from the 1983 through 1987 US linked live birth-infant death files. RESULTS: US-born mothers were more likely than foreign-born mothers to be less than 18 years old and not married, to start prenatal care early, and to more…
Multiethnic variations in the pregnancy outcomes of military dependents
OBJECTIVES. We examined the pregnancy outcomes of three ethnic groups: African-American Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Filipinos. In an attempt to reduce ethnic dissimilarities in parental employment and access to health care, this investigation compared the single-live-birth outcomes of married, adult women who resided in the state of Hawaii and who indicated that their spouse was on active-duty status in the US military. METHODS. The data for…
The Influence of Maternal Weight and Glucose Tolerance on Infant Birthweight in Latino Mother–Infant Pairs
Objectives. We assessed the influence of maternal anthropometric and metabolic variables, including glucose tolerance, on infant birthweight. Methods. In our prospective, population-based cohort study of 1041 Latino mother–infant pairs, we used standardized interviews, anthropometry, metabolic assays, and medical record reviews. We assessed relationships among maternal sociodemographic, prenatal care, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics…
Psychosocial Factors That Influence Health Care Use and Self-Management for African American and Latino Men With Type 2 Diabetes
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors that influence diabetes self-management and health care utilization among men of color with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from focus groups with African American men ( n = 9) and Latino men ( n = 13) who were part of a diabetes intervention. Sessions were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. Five themes were discussed in focus groups, including (a) social sup…
A Community Participatory Approach to Identify Common Evaluation Indicators for Community Health Worker Practice
Participatory identification, development, and uptake of a set of common indicators (CI) for CHW practice will allow data to be aggregated at multiple levels, potentially leading to more sustainable financing of CHW programs. Given that measurement drives practice, a set of common CHW indicators can help to preserve the flexibility and integrity of the CHW role
The perinatal and infant health status of Native Hawaiians
Hawaii vital record data for 1979 through 1990 were analyzed to examine potentially differing relationships between maternal and infant risks and outcomes in native Hawaiian and White infants. Despite high rates of inadequate prenatal care and teenage and unmarried childbearing, the Hawaiian low-birth-weight rate was below the US average. Hawaiian infants experienced an elevated risk of mortality, particularly among those of normal birthweight du…
Maternal nativity status and pregnancy outcome among U.S.‐born Filipinos
Using 1979-87 Hawaii vital record data on single live births, this study compares by nativity status of the mother the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of resident Filipino women. Among ethnic minorities in the United States, the pregnancy outcomes of U.S.-born mothers have been reported to compare unfavorably to their foreign-born counterparts. In this study, unequivocally preferential pregnancy outcome indicators were not observe…
Racialization processes and depressive symptoms among pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women
This study examines how racialization processes (conceptualized as multilevel and dynamic processes) shape prenatal mental health by testing the association of discrimination and the John Henryism hypothesis on depressive symptoms for pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women. We analyzed baseline data ( n = 218) from a healthy lifestyle intervention for pregnant Latinas in Detroit, Michigan. Using separate multiple linear regression models, we exa…
Correlates of Interpersonal Ethnoracial Discrimination Among Latino Adults with Diabetes
The purpose of this study is to identify the social and economic correlates of reported experiences of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination among Latino adults in Detroit. We examine whether the correlates of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination vary according to the domain of discrimination and compare findings for individual domains of discrimination to a composite measure of experiences of discrimination. This study suggests that the f…
Dietary Outcomes in a Spanish-Language Randomized Controlled Diabetes Prevention Trial With Pregnant Latinas
Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based healthy lifestyle intervention in improving dietary behaviors of pregnant Latinas from 2004 to 2006 in Detroit, Michigan. Methods. The 11-week, culturally tailored, Spanish-language Healthy Mothers on the Move (MOMs) intervention offered home visits, group classes, related activities, and social support from trained community health workers (CHWs) and peers. Dietary behaviors were me…
Maternal nativity status and pregnancy outcome among U.S.‐born Filipinos
Using 1979-87 Hawaii vital record data on single live births, this study compares by nativity status of the mother the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of resident Filipino women. Among ethnic minorities in the United States, the pregnancy outcomes of U.S.-born mothers have been reported to compare unfavorably to their foreign-born counterparts. In this study, unequivocally preferential pregnancy outcome indicators were not observe…
Pregnancy outcomes among Whites and Filipinos
Evidence from the Philippines suggests that, compared to Whites, infants born to Filipino women are more likely to be low birth weight. A paucity of information is available regarding birth outcomes of U.S.‐born Filipinos. Using 1979–1987 Hawaii vital record data on single live births to resident mothers, this study compares the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of White and Filipino mothers, Filipino mothers were significantly more…
Multiethnic variations in the pregnancy outcomes of military dependents
OBJECTIVES. We examined the pregnancy outcomes of three ethnic groups: African-American Blacks, non-Hispanic Whites, and Filipinos. In an attempt to reduce ethnic dissimilarities in parental employment and access to health care, this investigation compared the single-live-birth outcomes of married, adult women who resided in the state of Hawaii and who indicated that their spouse was on active-duty status in the US military. METHODS. The data for…
Geographic patterns of low birth weight in Hawaii
The perinatal and infant health status of Native Hawaiians
Hawaii vital record data for 1979 through 1990 were analyzed to examine potentially differing relationships between maternal and infant risks and outcomes in native Hawaiian and White infants. Despite high rates of inadequate prenatal care and teenage and unmarried childbearing, the Hawaiian low-birth-weight rate was below the US average. Hawaiian infants experienced an elevated risk of mortality, particularly among those of normal birthweight du…
Nativity and infant feeding patterns among Filipino women in Hawaii
Infant feeding patterns of Filipinas living in Hawaii were studied based on maternal birth in the Philippines versus the United States. Data were obtained from a retrospective mailed survey of Hawaii resident women who gave birth in Hawaii January 1 to March 31, 1989, with a 51% response rate (N = 2,013). Of the 234 women who identified themselves as Filipina, 169 (72%) were born in the Philippines and 65 (24%) in the United States. Seventy perce…
Pregnancy outcomes of US-born and foreign-born Japanese Americans
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the birth outcomes of Japanese Americans, focusing on the role of the mother's place of birth. METHODS: Single live births to US-resident Japanese American mothers (n = 37,941) were selected from the 1983 through 1987 US linked live birth-infant death files. RESULTS: US-born mothers were more likely than foreign-born mothers to be less than 18 years old and not married, to start prenatal care early, and to more…
Early Weaning Among Japanese Women in Hawaii
This study examined factors associated with early weaning among Japanese women in comparison with Caucasian women in Hawaii. A mailed survey was sent to all women who delivered an infant in Hawaii between January 1st 1989 and March 31st 1989. Only Japanese ( N =228) and Caucasian women ( N =439) were included in this study. All Japanese breast-feeding women in the study introduced formula at some point in time. Cox multivariate regression analysi…
Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (Reach) Detroit Partnership
Objectives. We sought to determine the effects of a community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle intervention on risk factors for diabetes complications among African Americans and Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Methods. One hundred fifty-one African American and Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from 3 health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, to participate in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Detro…
Weight, Diet, and Physical Activity-Related Beliefs and Practices Among Pregnant and Postpartum Latino Women
The Influence of Maternal Weight and Glucose Tolerance on Infant Birthweight in Latino Mother–Infant Pairs
Objectives. We assessed the influence of maternal anthropometric and metabolic variables, including glucose tolerance, on infant birthweight. Methods. In our prospective, population-based cohort study of 1041 Latino mother–infant pairs, we used standardized interviews, anthropometry, metabolic assays, and medical record reviews. We assessed relationships among maternal sociodemographic, prenatal care, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics…
Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Intervention Among African American and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Objectives. We tested the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, behavioral theory–based community health worker intervention for improving glycemic control. Methods. We used a randomized, 6-month delayed control group design among 164 African American and Latino adult participants recruited from 2 health systems in Detroit, Michigan. Our study was guided by the principles of community-based participatory research. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level w…
The Voices of Limited English Proficiency Latina Mothers on Pediatric Primary Care
Effect of the Healthy MOMs Lifestyle Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Latinas
Depression during the prenatal and postpartum periods is associated with poor maternal, perinatal and child outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of a culturally and linguistically tailored, social support‐based, healthy lifestyle intervention led by trained community health workers in reducing depressive symptoms among pregnant and early postpartum Latinas. A sample of 275 pregnant Latinas was randomized to the Healthy MOMs Healthy Lif…
Everyday Discrimination, Diabetes-Related Distress, and Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans and Latinos with Diabetes
Dietary Outcomes in a Spanish-Language Randomized Controlled Diabetes Prevention Trial With Pregnant Latinas
Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based healthy lifestyle intervention in improving dietary behaviors of pregnant Latinas from 2004 to 2006 in Detroit, Michigan. Methods. The 11-week, culturally tailored, Spanish-language Healthy Mothers on the Move (MOMs) intervention offered home visits, group classes, related activities, and social support from trained community health workers (CHWs) and peers. Dietary behaviors were me…
Psychosocial Factors That Influence Health Care Use and Self-Management for African American and Latino Men With Type 2 Diabetes
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors that influence diabetes self-management and health care utilization among men of color with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from focus groups with African American men ( n = 9) and Latino men ( n = 13) who were part of a diabetes intervention. Sessions were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. Five themes were discussed in focus groups, including (a) social sup…
Correlates of Interpersonal Ethnoracial Discrimination Among Latino Adults with Diabetes
The purpose of this study is to identify the social and economic correlates of reported experiences of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination among Latino adults in Detroit. We examine whether the correlates of interpersonal ethnoracial discrimination vary according to the domain of discrimination and compare findings for individual domains of discrimination to a composite measure of experiences of discrimination. This study suggests that the f…
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Diabetes-Related Outcomes Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Beneficiaries' perspectives on improved oral health and its mediators after Medicaid expansion in Michigan
Michigan's Medicaid expansion contributed to self-reported improved oral health, which was associated with improved job outcomes. Policymakers should consider the importance of Medicaid dental coverage in reducing oral health disparities and improving the health and socioeconomic well-being of low-income adults and communities when considering this optional benefit
A Community Participatory Approach to Identify Common Evaluation Indicators for Community Health Worker Practice
Participatory identification, development, and uptake of a set of common indicators (CI) for CHW practice will allow data to be aggregated at multiple levels, potentially leading to more sustainable financing of CHW programs. Given that measurement drives practice, a set of common CHW indicators can help to preserve the flexibility and integrity of the CHW role
Using Path Analysis and Linear Regression to Test for Gender and Participation
While the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher among Latino/as, Latino men are disproportionately affected and have poorer outcomes. We aimed to determine whether gender impacted any outcomes in a culturally tailored type 2 diabetes (T2D) intervention and to evaluate the effects of gender and intervention participation intensity on outcomes at 6-month follow-up. Nested path and regression models were compared with the likelihood …
Changes in Self-management During the Covid-19 Pandemic Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes at a Federally Qualified Health Center
Impact on Health Care Utilization and Costs of a Medicaid Community Health Worker Program in Detroit, 2018–2020
Objectives. To compare health care utilization and costs between beneficiaries randomly assigned to usual services versus a community health worker (CHW) program implemented by 3 Medicaid health plans. Methods. From February 2018 to June 2019, beneficiaries residing in Detroit, Michigan’s Cody Rouge neighborhood with more than 3 emergency department (ED) visits or at least 1 ambulatory care‒sensitive hospitalization in the previous 12 months were…
Racialization processes and depressive symptoms among pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women
This study examines how racialization processes (conceptualized as multilevel and dynamic processes) shape prenatal mental health by testing the association of discrimination and the John Henryism hypothesis on depressive symptoms for pregnant Mexican‐origin immigrant women. We analyzed baseline data ( n = 218) from a healthy lifestyle intervention for pregnant Latinas in Detroit, Michigan. Using separate multiple linear regression models, we exa…
Medicine (24 works) · Environmental health (12 works) · Gerontology (12 works) · Public health (12 works) · Demography (11 works) · Nursing (11 works) · Ethnic group (10 works) · Pregnancy (10 works) · Diabetes mellitus (8 works) · Population (7 works)