Joshua N Zingher
Biographic Data
| ID | 2470529 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joshua N Zingher |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joshua N |
| FAMILY NAME | Zingher |
| SIGNATURE | ZINGHER J N |
| AFFILIATIONS | Old Dominion University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3928-4269 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 259 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Educational Polarization in American Politics: More than Just a Diploma Divide
The American electorate is divided along educational lines. The 2024 presidential election was marked by the largest-ever educational divide in vote choice. Typically, we frame this divide as a split between people with college degrees and those without. In this paper, I argue that there is significant polarization along the entire educational attainment spectrum. I show that the divide between BA and graduate degree holders is just as pronounced…
Partisan Hearts, Polarized Minds? Revisiting the Relationship Between Partisanship and Polarization
Existing scholarship has increasingly recognized that strong partisanship does not inevitably produce out-party hostility—yet the scope and consistency of this decoupling across multiple measures of affective polarization remains underexamined. In this study, we revisit the relationship between partisan strength and affective polarization using original national survey data across three established measures: feeling thermometers, trait attributio…
Comparing Methods for Estimating Demographics in Racially Polarized Voting Analyses
We consider the cascading effects of researcher decisions throughout the process of quantifying racially polarized voting (RPV). We contrast three methods of estimating precinct racial composition, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), fully Bayesian BISG, and Citizen Voting Age Population (CVAP), and two algorithms for performing ecological inference (EI), King's EI and EI:RxC using eiCompare. Using data from two different elections we ide…
Nationalized Politics: Evaluating Electoral Politics Across Time by Jamie L Carson, Joel Sievert and Ryan D Williamson
Response to Nicholas F. Jacobs and Sidney M. Milkis’s Review of Political Choice in a Polarized America: How Elite Polarization Shapes Mass Behavior
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Educational Attainment Moderates the Recursive Relationship Between Policy Orientations and Partisanship
Partisanship and policy attitudes are two foundational political dispositions. While scholars recognize both as important, there is a longstanding debate about how these dispositions influence each other. One camp argues that partisanship shapes policy attitudes much more strongly than the reverse, the other claims policy attitudes exert a powerful influence on partisanship. In this paper, I take up this debate and test these claims. I assess whe…
How Social Group Memberships Interact to Shape Partisanship, Policy Orientations, and Vote Choice
An Analysis of the Group Bases of British Politics: 1983–2019
In this paper, we address two questions: (i) what were the group bases of the British electoral coalitions? And (ii) how have these group bases of support changed in the past decades? We determine which social group memberships significantly influence vote choice by using British Election Study data. We then incorporate demographic data to measure how many votes each social group contributed at each general election from 1983 to 2019. We find tha…
Trends: Diploma divide: Educational attainment and the realignment of the American electorate
The divide between college graduates and non-college graduates is an increasingly important political cleavage. In this paper, I document the rise of the diploma divide on the micro and macro levels. First, I use ANES and CES data to assess the relationships between educational attainment, partisanship, and vote choice. I find that post-2000, educational attainment is an increasingly strong predictor of partisanship and, in turn, vote choice. I d…
On the measurement of social class and its role in shaping white vote choice in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
The Power of Place? Testing the Geographic Determinants of African‐American and White Voter Turnout
Objective This article evaluates the geographic determinants of both white and African‐American voter turnout in presidential elections. We argue that perceptions of threat posed by African Americans influence white turnout, although the possibility of interracial contact can ameliorate these attitudes. Conversely, we contend the size of the co‐racial population and segregation drives variations in African‐American turnout. Method We utilize geog…
A global analysis of how losing an election affects voter satisfaction with democracy
In this article, we argue that a deeper understanding of citizen satisfaction with democratic elections requires a global perspective. Regional research found that a gap in satisfaction with democracy emerges after an election, between those who supported winning parties and those that did not, and also, crucially, that this gap can be reduced under proportional electoral institutions. In this article we argue instead that these theories of the w…
Polarization and the Nationalization of State Legislative Elections
The electoral fortunes of state parties are partly shaped by the positions adopted by national parties. This creates the potential dilemma: The position that is best for the national party might be too extreme for the electorate in some states. Some state parties attempt to address this problem by adopting more moderate positions than their national-level counterparts. We argue that the efficacy of state party moderation hinges on the degree of p…
Does polarization affect even the inattentive? Assessing the relationship between political sophistication, policy orientations, and elite cues
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: Group support in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections
Polarization, Demographic Change, and White Flight from the Democratic Party
Whites have become less likely to support the Democratic Party. I show that this shift is being driven by two mechanisms. The first mechanism is the process of ideological sorting. The Democratic Party has lost support among conservative whites because the relationships between partisanship, voting behavior, and policy orientations have strengthened. The second mechanism relates to demographic changes. The growth of liberal minority populations h…
From on High: The Effect of Elite Polarization on Mass Attitudes and Behaviors, 1972–2012
Though there is widespread scholarly consensus that American political elites have become increasingly ideologically polarized, there remains debate about how the mass electorate has responded to the increase in polarization at the elite level. This article shows that as party elites have become more polarized, individuals have become better able to identify the party that best matches their own ideological positions, thereby contributing to pola…
The electoral effects of the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups in Australia and the UK
In this article we assess the electoral effects of the nomination of ethnic minority candidates. We argue that descriptive representation is an important factor in how parties in SMD systems establish their coalitions over multiple elections. We demonstrate this by showing that descriptive representation has a consistent effect on voting behavior, and thus that parties can rely on descriptive representation to win over specific segments of the vo…
The effects of lawn signs on vote outcomes: Results from four randomized field experiments
Creating a racially polarized electorate: The political fallout of immigration politics in Arizona and California
We explore the potential political impact of Arizona's controversial immigration statute, SB 1070, using a parallel event: the 1994 passage of Proposition 187 in California. Both statutes were efforts to respond to the flow of illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico and were widely seen as anti-Latino, and both became the central theme of their proponents' reelection campaigns. We reexamine and extend the academic literature on the political impact…
The Spatial and Demographic Determinants of Racial Threat
Objective Although scholars have cast doubt on Key's ( ) racial threat hypothesis, race continues to play a central role in American politics. But does living in a racially diverse context lead to liberalization or a white backlash? We aim to test the validity of the racial threat hypothesis in the modern‐day Deep South. Methods The data used for this analysis span multiple federal elections from the state of Louisiana, from 2000, 2004, and 2008,…
The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in the U.S. States
State legislatures have been extremely active in passing legislation relating to all facets of immigration policy over the last several years. In this article, I develop a framework that explains how party ideology, party control of the legislature, and electoral conditions affect the likelihood that a state legislature will adopt policies that increase immigration enforcement. I test my arguments using state immigration policy adoption data that…
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: 1952-2008
Patterns of Immigrant Political Behaviour in Australia: An Analysis of Immigrant Voting in Ethnic Context
Immigration is becoming an increasingly important issue in virtually every Western democracy. However, immigrants' participation in politics varies greatly from country to country. This article identifies and explains the two key determinants of this variation. We establish that ethnicity along with traditional socioeconomic factors are the two primary forces that determine immigrant political behaviour. We theorise that immigrants' ethnic differ…
From on High: The Effect of Elite Polarization on Mass Attitudes and Behaviors, 1972–2012
Though there is widespread scholarly consensus that American political elites have become increasingly ideologically polarized, there remains debate about how the mass electorate has responded to the increase in polarization at the elite level. This article shows that as party elites have become more polarized, individuals have become better able to identify the party that best matches their own ideological positions, thereby contributing to pola…
The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in the U.S. States
State legislatures have been extremely active in passing legislation relating to all facets of immigration policy over the last several years. In this article, I develop a framework that explains how party ideology, party control of the legislature, and electoral conditions affect the likelihood that a state legislature will adopt policies that increase immigration enforcement. I test my arguments using state immigration policy adoption data that…
Polarization, Demographic Change, and White Flight from the Democratic Party
Whites have become less likely to support the Democratic Party. I show that this shift is being driven by two mechanisms. The first mechanism is the process of ideological sorting. The Democratic Party has lost support among conservative whites because the relationships between partisanship, voting behavior, and policy orientations have strengthened. The second mechanism relates to demographic changes. The growth of liberal minority populations h…
Trends: Diploma divide: Educational attainment and the realignment of the American electorate
The divide between college graduates and non-college graduates is an increasingly important political cleavage. In this paper, I document the rise of the diploma divide on the micro and macro levels. First, I use ANES and CES data to assess the relationships between educational attainment, partisanship, and vote choice. I find that post-2000, educational attainment is an increasingly strong predictor of partisanship and, in turn, vote choice. I d…
The electoral effects of the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups in Australia and the UK
In this article we assess the electoral effects of the nomination of ethnic minority candidates. We argue that descriptive representation is an important factor in how parties in SMD systems establish their coalitions over multiple elections. We demonstrate this by showing that descriptive representation has a consistent effect on voting behavior, and thus that parties can rely on descriptive representation to win over specific segments of the vo…
The effects of lawn signs on vote outcomes: Results from four randomized field experiments
A global analysis of how losing an election affects voter satisfaction with democracy
In this article, we argue that a deeper understanding of citizen satisfaction with democratic elections requires a global perspective. Regional research found that a gap in satisfaction with democracy emerges after an election, between those who supported winning parties and those that did not, and also, crucially, that this gap can be reduced under proportional electoral institutions. In this article we argue instead that these theories of the w…
Patterns of Immigrant Political Behaviour in Australia: An Analysis of Immigrant Voting in Ethnic Context
Immigration is becoming an increasingly important issue in virtually every Western democracy. However, immigrants' participation in politics varies greatly from country to country. This article identifies and explains the two key determinants of this variation. We establish that ethnicity along with traditional socioeconomic factors are the two primary forces that determine immigrant political behaviour. We theorise that immigrants' ethnic differ…
Polarization and the Nationalization of State Legislative Elections
The electoral fortunes of state parties are partly shaped by the positions adopted by national parties. This creates the potential dilemma: The position that is best for the national party might be too extreme for the electorate in some states. Some state parties attempt to address this problem by adopting more moderate positions than their national-level counterparts. We argue that the efficacy of state party moderation hinges on the degree of p…
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: 1952-2008
Does polarization affect even the inattentive? Assessing the relationship between political sophistication, policy orientations, and elite cues
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: Group support in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections
The Spatial and Demographic Determinants of Racial Threat
Objective Although scholars have cast doubt on Key's ( ) racial threat hypothesis, race continues to play a central role in American politics. But does living in a racially diverse context lead to liberalization or a white backlash? We aim to test the validity of the racial threat hypothesis in the modern‐day Deep South. Methods The data used for this analysis span multiple federal elections from the state of Louisiana, from 2000, 2004, and 2008,…
Creating a racially polarized electorate: The political fallout of immigration politics in Arizona and California
We explore the potential political impact of Arizona's controversial immigration statute, SB 1070, using a parallel event: the 1994 passage of Proposition 187 in California. Both statutes were efforts to respond to the flow of illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico and were widely seen as anti-Latino, and both became the central theme of their proponents' reelection campaigns. We reexamine and extend the academic literature on the political impact…
How Social Group Memberships Interact to Shape Partisanship, Policy Orientations, and Vote Choice
On the measurement of social class and its role in shaping white vote choice in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
The Power of Place? Testing the Geographic Determinants of African‐American and White Voter Turnout
Objective This article evaluates the geographic determinants of both white and African‐American voter turnout in presidential elections. We argue that perceptions of threat posed by African Americans influence white turnout, although the possibility of interracial contact can ameliorate these attitudes. Conversely, we contend the size of the co‐racial population and segregation drives variations in African‐American turnout. Method We utilize geog…
Patterns of Immigrant Political Behaviour in Australia: An Analysis of Immigrant Voting in Ethnic Context
Immigration is becoming an increasingly important issue in virtually every Western democracy. However, immigrants' participation in politics varies greatly from country to country. This article identifies and explains the two key determinants of this variation. We establish that ethnicity along with traditional socioeconomic factors are the two primary forces that determine immigrant political behaviour. We theorise that immigrants' ethnic differ…
The Spatial and Demographic Determinants of Racial Threat
Objective Although scholars have cast doubt on Key's ( ) racial threat hypothesis, race continues to play a central role in American politics. But does living in a racially diverse context lead to liberalization or a white backlash? We aim to test the validity of the racial threat hypothesis in the modern‐day Deep South. Methods The data used for this analysis span multiple federal elections from the state of Louisiana, from 2000, 2004, and 2008,…
The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in the U.S. States
State legislatures have been extremely active in passing legislation relating to all facets of immigration policy over the last several years. In this article, I develop a framework that explains how party ideology, party control of the legislature, and electoral conditions affect the likelihood that a state legislature will adopt policies that increase immigration enforcement. I test my arguments using state immigration policy adoption data that…
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: 1952-2008
Creating a racially polarized electorate: The political fallout of immigration politics in Arizona and California
We explore the potential political impact of Arizona's controversial immigration statute, SB 1070, using a parallel event: the 1994 passage of Proposition 187 in California. Both statutes were efforts to respond to the flow of illegal immigrants mainly from Mexico and were widely seen as anti-Latino, and both became the central theme of their proponents' reelection campaigns. We reexamine and extend the academic literature on the political impact…
The electoral effects of the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups in Australia and the UK
In this article we assess the electoral effects of the nomination of ethnic minority candidates. We argue that descriptive representation is an important factor in how parties in SMD systems establish their coalitions over multiple elections. We demonstrate this by showing that descriptive representation has a consistent effect on voting behavior, and thus that parties can rely on descriptive representation to win over specific segments of the vo…
The effects of lawn signs on vote outcomes: Results from four randomized field experiments
Polarization, Demographic Change, and White Flight from the Democratic Party
Whites have become less likely to support the Democratic Party. I show that this shift is being driven by two mechanisms. The first mechanism is the process of ideological sorting. The Democratic Party has lost support among conservative whites because the relationships between partisanship, voting behavior, and policy orientations have strengthened. The second mechanism relates to demographic changes. The growth of liberal minority populations h…
From on High: The Effect of Elite Polarization on Mass Attitudes and Behaviors, 1972–2012
Though there is widespread scholarly consensus that American political elites have become increasingly ideologically polarized, there remains debate about how the mass electorate has responded to the increase in polarization at the elite level. This article shows that as party elites have become more polarized, individuals have become better able to identify the party that best matches their own ideological positions, thereby contributing to pola…
The Power of Place? Testing the Geographic Determinants of African‐American and White Voter Turnout
Objective This article evaluates the geographic determinants of both white and African‐American voter turnout in presidential elections. We argue that perceptions of threat posed by African Americans influence white turnout, although the possibility of interracial contact can ameliorate these attitudes. Conversely, we contend the size of the co‐racial population and segregation drives variations in African‐American turnout. Method We utilize geog…
A global analysis of how losing an election affects voter satisfaction with democracy
In this article, we argue that a deeper understanding of citizen satisfaction with democratic elections requires a global perspective. Regional research found that a gap in satisfaction with democracy emerges after an election, between those who supported winning parties and those that did not, and also, crucially, that this gap can be reduced under proportional electoral institutions. In this article we argue instead that these theories of the w…
Polarization and the Nationalization of State Legislative Elections
The electoral fortunes of state parties are partly shaped by the positions adopted by national parties. This creates the potential dilemma: The position that is best for the national party might be too extreme for the electorate in some states. Some state parties attempt to address this problem by adopting more moderate positions than their national-level counterparts. We argue that the efficacy of state party moderation hinges on the degree of p…
Does polarization affect even the inattentive? Assessing the relationship between political sophistication, policy orientations, and elite cues
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: Group support in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections
On the measurement of social class and its role in shaping white vote choice in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
Trends: Diploma divide: Educational attainment and the realignment of the American electorate
The divide between college graduates and non-college graduates is an increasingly important political cleavage. In this paper, I document the rise of the diploma divide on the micro and macro levels. First, I use ANES and CES data to assess the relationships between educational attainment, partisanship, and vote choice. I find that post-2000, educational attainment is an increasingly strong predictor of partisanship and, in turn, vote choice. I d…
Response to Nicholas F. Jacobs and Sidney M. Milkis’s Review of Political Choice in a Polarized America: How Elite Polarization Shapes Mass Behavior
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
How Educational Attainment Moderates the Recursive Relationship Between Policy Orientations and Partisanship
Partisanship and policy attitudes are two foundational political dispositions. While scholars recognize both as important, there is a longstanding debate about how these dispositions influence each other. One camp argues that partisanship shapes policy attitudes much more strongly than the reverse, the other claims policy attitudes exert a powerful influence on partisanship. In this paper, I take up this debate and test these claims. I assess whe…
How Social Group Memberships Interact to Shape Partisanship, Policy Orientations, and Vote Choice
An Analysis of the Group Bases of British Politics: 1983–2019
In this paper, we address two questions: (i) what were the group bases of the British electoral coalitions? And (ii) how have these group bases of support changed in the past decades? We determine which social group memberships significantly influence vote choice by using British Election Study data. We then incorporate demographic data to measure how many votes each social group contributed at each general election from 1983 to 2019. We find tha…
Nationalized Politics: Evaluating Electoral Politics Across Time by Jamie L Carson, Joel Sievert and Ryan D Williamson
Comparing Methods for Estimating Demographics in Racially Polarized Voting Analyses
We consider the cascading effects of researcher decisions throughout the process of quantifying racially polarized voting (RPV). We contrast three methods of estimating precinct racial composition, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), fully Bayesian BISG, and Citizen Voting Age Population (CVAP), and two algorithms for performing ecological inference (EI), King's EI and EI:RxC using eiCompare. Using data from two different elections we ide…
Educational Polarization in American Politics: More than Just a Diploma Divide
The American electorate is divided along educational lines. The 2024 presidential election was marked by the largest-ever educational divide in vote choice. Typically, we frame this divide as a split between people with college degrees and those without. In this paper, I argue that there is significant polarization along the entire educational attainment spectrum. I show that the divide between BA and graduate degree holders is just as pronounced…
Partisan Hearts, Polarized Minds? Revisiting the Relationship Between Partisanship and Polarization
Existing scholarship has increasingly recognized that strong partisanship does not inevitably produce out-party hostility—yet the scope and consistency of this decoupling across multiple measures of affective polarization remains underexamined. In this study, we revisit the relationship between partisan strength and affective polarization using original national survey data across three established measures: feeling thermometers, trait attributio…
Electoral Systems and Political Participation (22 works) · Political science (22 works) · Politics (22 works) · Law (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Economics (13 works) · Political economy (11 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Voting (10 works)