Joy Patricia Burke
Biographic Data
| ID | 247190 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joy Patricia Burke |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joy Patricia |
| FAMILY NAME | Burke |
| SIGNATURE | BURKE J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Vermont |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0825-2494 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 65 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1931 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Fred I. Greenstein
The Contemporary Presidency “It Went Off the Rails”: Trump’s Presidential Transition and the National Security System
Transitions to the presidency matter, especially concerning national security. What transpired for Donald J. Trump pales in comparison to the relatively smooth transition between the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. As one source later noted, the Trump transition “went off the rails” after the election. This was especially so in the case of national security planning, which historically has not been affected as much by problematic…
Struggling with Standard Order: Challenges and Performance of the Trump National Security Council System
This article examines issues that have emerged in the Trump national security system and its process of information analysis and deliberation during its first year and one half in office. It was troubled from the start, and it especially experienced a problematic transition period. It then faced the resignation of its initial National Security Council (NSC) advisor, Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, less than a month after Trump was inaugurated. …
The Contemporary Presidency: The Trump Transition, Early Presidency, and National Security Organization
President Trump's establishment of his national security system proved highly problematic compared to those of his recent predecessors. Problems arose in its initial organization, especially the designation of his chief political strategist as a participant at its highest levels, later rescinded. Further difficulties developed with the resignation of his National Security Council advisor, after only 24 days on the job. The news media quickly poun…
Agenda Elixirs, Presidential Power Pills, Congressional Remedies, and Political Science Nostrums: The Quest for Health Care Reform
The National Security Advisor and Staff: Transition Challenges
The role of the National Security Council (NSC) advisor has become increasingly consequential in its impact on the president's national security and foreign policy decision making. This article explores the development of the NSC advisor's role and its expansion over time. Particular attention is paid to how the NSC advisor and staff can positively contribute to effective presidential decision making, especially in serving as an “honest broker” o…
The Contemporary Presidency: The Obama Presidential Transition: An Early Assessment
Transitions to the presidency bear wide‐ranging consequences for the successes—and failures—of the administrations that follow. Barack Obama's effort in 2008 and early 2009 is no exception. In many ways, it was a successful transition to office. Despite severe economic constraints, the transition paved the way for an ambitious post‐inaugural agenda and the first steps toward fleshing out Obama's campaign themes of “hope” and “change.” But all was…
Advice for a New President: From Inside and Out
James S. Pacy
It is with great sadness that we report the death of James S. Pacy, professor emeritus of political science. Jim died at his home in Burlington, Vermont, on April 21, 2008, of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 77. Jim, of proud Hungarian descent, was born in Caledonia, Ontario, on August 17, 1930. His family emigrated to Manville, New Jersey, when he was two years old. Manville, at the time the company town of asbestos manufact…
The Neutral/Honest Broker Role in Foreign‐Policy Decision Making: A Reassessment
This article examines the impact of the “neutral” or “honest” broker role in presidential decision making, particularly as applied to the job of National Security Council adviser. It provides further evidence of the positive and continuing contribution of the role to effective decision making, which has been expressed both in theory (Alexander George's formulation of the related concept of the “managerial custodian” in the 1970s) and in practice …
The Contemporary Presidency: Condoleezza Rice as NSC Advisor: A Case Study of the Honest Broker Role
“We need to plan as if things won’t go well.” —George W. Bush, September 25, 2001 ( Woodward 2002 , 136) “I want to know what the options are. A president cannot decide and make rational decisions unless I understand the feasibility of that which may have to happen.” —George W. Bush, circa late November 2001 ( Woodward 2004 , 30) “If we don’t have a case to make, I won’t send in the troops.” —George W. Bush, January 6, 2003 ( Woodward 2004 , 256)…
Becoming President: The Bush Transition, 2000-2003
The Bush Transition in Historical Context
At one level, George W. Bush's transition to the presidency was unique and without much precedent as a guide. Unlike the situation facing his predecessors, Bush's “official” postelection transition did not begin until December 14, the day after Al Gore's concession speech. Roughly half the time of a “normal” transition had been lost as the controversy over the Florida vote dragged on
Lessons from Past Presidential Transitions: Organization, Management, and Decision Making
In addition to careful and early consideration of the key positions on the White House staff and other appointments, transitions are also a time when presidents‐to‐be and their advisers need to think about how the pieces fit together into a larger whole. Part of that effort involves crafting the decision‐making processes and the various channels of information and advice that, once in office, presidents will need to use in making policy choices. …
Lessons from Past Presidential Transitions: Organization, Management, and Decision Making
In addition to careful and early consideration of the key positions on the White House staff and other appointments, transitions are also a time when presidents-to-be and their advisers need to think about how the pieces fit together into a larger whole. Part of that effort involves crafting the decision-making processes and the various channels of information and advice that, once in office, presidents will need to use in making policy choices. …
A Tale of Two Transitions: 1980 And 1988
The 1980 Reagan transition and the 1988 Bush transition offer important case studies for understanding the challenges of presidential transitions. Although not without its shortcomings, the 1980 transition was, at least comparably, the most successful of the transfers in power since the modern era of presidential transitions commenced with the Carter effort in 1976. 1988 offers useful lessons about "friendly takeovers": the passing of power from …
Responsibility, Politics, and Community
Yes, Mr. President
An Empirical Examination of the Integration of Causal Attribution and Social Learning Theories in Achievement Situations
Using path analysis, the present investigation sought to clarify possible operational linkages among constructs from social learning and attribution theories within the context of a self-esteem system. Subjects were 300 undergraduate university students who completed a measure of self-esteem and indicated expectancies for success and minimal goal levels for an experimental task. After completing the task and receiving feedback about their perform…
Policy Making in the White House: The Best Books on the Presidency in 1989
The Presidential Advisory System
How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965
Journal Article How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1934 and 1963. By John P. Burke and Fred I. Greenstein. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1989. viii + 331 pp. $29.95.) Get access Lloyd C. Gardner Lloyd C. Gardner Rutgers University, New Brunswick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 3, December 1990, Pages 1095–1096, https://doi.org/10.2307/2079…
How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965
A Causal Model of Mathematics Performance in Early Adolescence: The Role of Sex
Using path analysis, the present investigation was done to clarify possible causal linkages among general scholastic aptitude, academic achievement in mathematics, self-concept of ability, and performance on a mathematics examination. Subjects were 122 eighth-grade students who completed a mathematics examination as well as a measure of self-concept of ability. Aptitude and achievement measures were obtained from school records. Analysis showed s…
Reconciling Public Administration and Democracy: The Role of the Responsible Administrator
Reconciling Public Administration and Democracy: The Role of the Responsible Administrator
The Contemporary Presidency: Condoleezza Rice as NSC Advisor: A Case Study of the Honest Broker Role
“We need to plan as if things won’t go well.” —George W. Bush, September 25, 2001 ( Woodward 2002 , 136) “I want to know what the options are. A president cannot decide and make rational decisions unless I understand the feasibility of that which may have to happen.” —George W. Bush, circa late November 2001 ( Woodward 2004 , 30) “If we don’t have a case to make, I won’t send in the troops.” —George W. Bush, January 6, 2003 ( Woodward 2004 , 256)…
The Contemporary Presidency: The Trump Transition, Early Presidency, and National Security Organization
President Trump's establishment of his national security system proved highly problematic compared to those of his recent predecessors. Problems arose in its initial organization, especially the designation of his chief political strategist as a participant at its highest levels, later rescinded. Further difficulties developed with the resignation of his National Security Council advisor, after only 24 days on the job. The news media quickly poun…
The Neutral/Honest Broker Role in Foreign‐Policy Decision Making: A Reassessment
This article examines the impact of the “neutral” or “honest” broker role in presidential decision making, particularly as applied to the job of National Security Council adviser. It provides further evidence of the positive and continuing contribution of the role to effective decision making, which has been expressed both in theory (Alexander George's formulation of the related concept of the “managerial custodian” in the 1970s) and in practice …
Lessons from Past Presidential Transitions: Organization, Management, and Decision Making
In addition to careful and early consideration of the key positions on the White House staff and other appointments, transitions are also a time when presidents‐to‐be and their advisers need to think about how the pieces fit together into a larger whole. Part of that effort involves crafting the decision‐making processes and the various channels of information and advice that, once in office, presidents will need to use in making policy choices. …
Organizational Participation and Public Policy
The role in public policy of organizations—broadly defined to include bureaucratic and corporatist, as well as autonomous, organized interests—merits attention as a form of political participation characteristic of a wide variety of societies. Various forms of corporatism have emerged in recent years to play an increasingly important role in most West European societies. In Japan and the United States, organized interests are still mediated prima…
The Contemporary Presidency: The Obama Presidential Transition: An Early Assessment
Transitions to the presidency bear wide‐ranging consequences for the successes—and failures—of the administrations that follow. Barack Obama's effort in 2008 and early 2009 is no exception. In many ways, it was a successful transition to office. Despite severe economic constraints, the transition paved the way for an ambitious post‐inaugural agenda and the first steps toward fleshing out Obama's campaign themes of “hope” and “change.” But all was…
Comparison of Methods of Estimating Transition Probability in Speech
This study investigated the relationship between transition probability estimates derived from both the single and continuous forward guessing methods currently in use. Since the estimates derived from the two methods were highly correlated and yielded similar distributions, selection of forward guessing method by future investigators should be determined by subject v. time availability
Struggling with Standard Order: Challenges and Performance of the Trump National Security Council System
This article examines issues that have emerged in the Trump national security system and its process of information analysis and deliberation during its first year and one half in office. It was troubled from the start, and it especially experienced a problematic transition period. It then faced the resignation of its initial National Security Council (NSC) advisor, Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, less than a month after Trump was inaugurated. …
How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965
Journal Article How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1934 and 1963. By John P. Burke and Fred I. Greenstein. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1989. viii + 331 pp. $29.95.) Get access Lloyd C. Gardner Lloyd C. Gardner Rutgers University, New Brunswick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 3, December 1990, Pages 1095–1096, https://doi.org/10.2307/2079…
How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965
Presidential Personality and National Security Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Vietnam Decision-making
This essay presents a framework for analyzing the effect of presidential personality on policy making, while avoiding the fallacy of simply "reducing" the explanation of presidential performance to the president's individual characteristics. Using an approach that simul taneously takes account of the larger political environment, and the president's constellation of immediate associates (the "institutionalized presidency"), as well as the preside…
The Dynamics of Presidential Reality Testing: Evidence from Two Vietnam Decisions
Just as plagues and famines are a boon for the advancement of certain medical specialties, the unhappy course of United States relations with Vietnam provides an intellectual bonanza for the study of the performance of American political institutions. In what follows we draw on evidence about United States decision making on Vietnam to address an important component of institutional performance -namely the capacity of key protagonists in the exec…
Effects of Cumulative Context and Guessing Methods On Estimates of Transition Probability in Speech
This study investigated the effects of cumulative context and of various guessing methods on transition probability estimates derived from the same speech materials. Transition probability estimates obtained from the single-guess and continuous-guessing methods were highly correlated and yielded similar distributions of scores for both isolated and cumulative context material. Forward and backward guessing methods yielded uncorrelated sets of pre…
The Contemporary Presidency “It Went Off the Rails”: Trump’s Presidential Transition and the National Security System
Transitions to the presidency matter, especially concerning national security. What transpired for Donald J. Trump pales in comparison to the relatively smooth transition between the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. As one source later noted, the Trump transition “went off the rails” after the election. This was especially so in the case of national security planning, which historically has not been affected as much by problematic…
A Tale of Two Transitions: 1980 And 1988
The 1980 Reagan transition and the 1988 Bush transition offer important case studies for understanding the challenges of presidential transitions. Although not without its shortcomings, the 1980 transition was, at least comparably, the most successful of the transfers in power since the modern era of presidential transitions commenced with the Carter effort in 1976. 1988 offers useful lessons about "friendly takeovers": the passing of power from …
Responsibility, Politics, and Community
Squaring the Circle: Making Bureaucracy Accountable Law, Bureaucracy and Politics: The Implementation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . By Augustus J. Jones, Jr. Representative Bureaucracy…
Responsibilities of Presidents and Advisers: A Theory and Case Study of Vietnam Decision Making
Speculation about the responsibilities of advice givers and advice seekers has not (with minor exceptions) received systematic attention by scholars concerned with the philosophical and moral dimensions of the policy process. Nor has philosophical speculation about official responsibility generally attempted to tailor its insights to the particular constraints of public office. The following analysis attempts to remedy both of these shortcomings.…
Edward Martyn
George Moore said of Edward Martyn:'There is nobody like him. He is more wonderful than anything in literature.' This inspired thought becomes vivid in Denis Gwynn's story of Edward Martyn's life. The memoir is compiled from extracts, chaotic in their confusion as they were left, from Edward Miartyn's own writings. The result, however, despite the incompleteness of these papers, is the most enlightening story of the state of Ireland in a period w…
Comparison of Methods of Estimating Transition Probability in Speech
This study investigated the relationship between transition probability estimates derived from both the single and continuous forward guessing methods currently in use. Since the estimates derived from the two methods were highly correlated and yielded similar distributions, selection of forward guessing method by future investigators should be determined by subject v. time availability
Effects of Cumulative Context and Guessing Methods On Estimates of Transition Probability in Speech
This study investigated the effects of cumulative context and of various guessing methods on transition probability estimates derived from the same speech materials. Transition probability estimates obtained from the single-guess and continuous-guessing methods were highly correlated and yielded similar distributions of scores for both isolated and cumulative context material. Forward and backward guessing methods yielded uncorrelated sets of pre…
Hegel's Philosophy of History
Influence of Convergent and Divergent Productive Thinking Operations On Estimates of Transition Probability in Speech
Transition-probability estimates derived from contextual word predictions of subjects who were high in divergent and convergent productive thinking were compared with those of subjects low in convergent and divergent productive thinking. No significant differences were observed in transition-probability estimates or in prediction strategies employed by the two groups of subjects
On Causal Attribution the Interactive Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Task Performance
An experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and performance outcome as these variables related to causal attribution. Subjects with low, medium, and high self-esteem attributed success and failure outcomes at an achievement-related task to ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. Results indicated that (a) success was attributed more than failure to ability and effort, (b) performance outcomes consistent wit…
Rapprochement of Rotter's Social Learning Theory With Self-Esteem Constructs
To rectify confusion and vagueness concerning the definitional usage of self-esteem, rapprochement of Rotter's (1954) social learning theory with self-esteem and related constructs is offered. These “self” constructs (namely, self-esteem, self-worth, self-confidence, self-satisfaction, and self-evaluation) are defined and combined into a conceptual framework indicating the impact of their interrelations within a self-esteem system. Incorporation …
Organizational Participation and Public Policy
The role in public policy of organizations—broadly defined to include bureaucratic and corporatist, as well as autonomous, organized interests—merits attention as a form of political participation characteristic of a wide variety of societies. Various forms of corporatism have emerged in recent years to play an increasingly important role in most West European societies. In Japan and the United States, organized interests are still mediated prima…
Marxism and the Good Society
Squaring the Circle: Making Bureaucracy Accountable Law, Bureaucracy and Politics: The Implementation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . By Augustus J. Jones, Jr. Representative Bureaucracy…
Responsibilities of Presidents and Advisers: A Theory and Case Study of Vietnam Decision Making
Speculation about the responsibilities of advice givers and advice seekers has not (with minor exceptions) received systematic attention by scholars concerned with the philosophical and moral dimensions of the policy process. Nor has philosophical speculation about official responsibility generally attempted to tailor its insights to the particular constraints of public office. The following analysis attempts to remedy both of these shortcomings.…
Does Presidential Influence and Strategy Count? Explaining Variation in the Reagan Budget Cycles, 1981–1983
Differences between Education and Business Students in Cooperative and Competitive Attitudes, Emotional Empathy, and Self-Esteem
To compare undergraduate men and women enrolled in education and business classes regarding cooperative attitude, competitive attitude, emotional empathy, and self-esteem, four paper-and-pencil measures were administered. The 126 students in education scored higher on cooperative attitude and emotional empathy, while the 109 students in business scored higher on competitive attitude and self-esteem. Women scored higher than men on cooperative att…
Causal internalization of academic performance as a function of self-esteem and performance satisfaction
Role of Self-Concept of Academic Attainment in Achievement-Related Behaviors
Researchers have reported that self-concept serves both as an antecedent and consequence of behavior. Given self-concept's role in achievement-related behavior, we sought clarification of factors influencing children's self-concepts of academic attainment. We examined proposed linkages among self-concept of academic attainment, academic achievement, expectancy for success, and performance outcome within a causal model using path analysis. Subject…
The Truman Scandals and the Politics of Morality. Andrew J. Dunar
Predicting Students' Emotional Empathy: Attitudes toward Cooperation and Competition
A Prescriptive View of the Implementation Process: When Should Bureaucrats Exercise Discretion
Designing Bureaucracies
A Causal Model of Mathematics Performance in Early Adolescence: The Role of Sex
Using path analysis, the present investigation was done to clarify possible causal linkages among general scholastic aptitude, academic achievement in mathematics, self-concept of ability, and performance on a mathematics examination. Subjects were 122 eighth-grade students who completed a mathematics examination as well as a measure of self-concept of ability. Aptitude and achievement measures were obtained from school records. Analysis showed s…
Reconciling Public Administration and Democracy: The Role of the Responsible Administrator
Bureaucratic Responsibility
Presidential Personality and National Security Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Vietnam Decision-making
This essay presents a framework for analyzing the effect of presidential personality on policy making, while avoiding the fallacy of simply "reducing" the explanation of presidential performance to the president's individual characteristics. Using an approach that simul taneously takes account of the larger political environment, and the president's constellation of immediate associates (the "institutionalized presidency"), as well as the preside…
The Dynamics of Presidential Reality Testing: Evidence from Two Vietnam Decisions
Just as plagues and famines are a boon for the advancement of certain medical specialties, the unhappy course of United States relations with Vietnam provides an intellectual bonanza for the study of the performance of American political institutions. In what follows we draw on evidence about United States decision making on Vietnam to address an important component of institutional performance -namely the capacity of key protagonists in the exec…
The Presidential Advisory System
Political science (33 works) · Law (28 works) · Politics (28 works) · Law (27 works) · Public Administration (22 works) · Public Administration (22 works) · Presidential system (16 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · National security (9 works)