M C Mahutga
Biographic Data
| ID | 24899 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M C Mahutga |
| GIVEN NAMES | M C |
| FAMILY NAME | Mahutga |
| SIGNATURE | MAHUTGA M C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Riverside |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4696-529X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 423 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Minority threat and social context: Global value chains and the carceral effect of ethnic polarization in rich democracies
Integrating minority threat theory with the political economy of globalization, this study theorizes and empirically tests how macrostructural changes via global value chains (GVCs) shape the carceral consequences of rising ethnic polarization in rich democracies. GVC integration should increase economic insecurity, activate and escalate latent racial and ethnic tensions, intensify dominant groups' perceptions of minority threat, and shift state …
Globalisation and Network Resilience: A Special Issue Introduction
This special issue examines globalisation and resilience, variously conceived, from a network perspective. In an era that moved from hyperglobalisation to disruption—pandemics, geopolitical tensions, climate risks—we argue that a key orienting question should be how globalisation is being reconfigured across multiplex economic, social and industrial networks. With this special issue, we hope to motivate new bodies of literature deploying social n…
Global value chains and racial inequality in the US labor market, 1979–2017
Global Value Chains and Union Decline in Rich Democracies
This article reassesses the classic thesis linking the globalization of production to union decline. Our argument is three-fold. First, prior literature does not appreciate how the exchange conditions characterizing global value chain (GVC) relations between leading firms in rich democracies and supplier firms in less developed countries (LDCs) can undermine unionization through trade. Second, the worldwide entrenchment of GVCs as an organization…
Women’s Political Representation and Corruption
We assess the degree to which the policy preferences of female legislators explain the widely observed negative association between women’s political representation (known as “women in parliament,” or WIP) and corruption. While a broad literature suggests that WIP reduces corruption, there is little consensus on how. Some suggest that the effect is driven by women’s psychology—perhaps women are more prosocial or more risk-averse than men, and thu…
Day Reporting Centers and Recidivism: The Role of Social Support
Day reporting centers (DRCs) are increasingly popular alternative to traditional forms of supervision. Yet, studies that describe a fairly common set of programs and services among DRCs produce conflicting results regarding their efficacy, suggesting that as yet unobserved characteristics of DRCs might explain their varying efficacy. This article relies on a mixed-methods analysis of DRCs. Using quasi-experimental regression techniques and a cons…
Flattening the curve? The structure of the natural resource exchange network and CO2 emissions
Guns versus Climate: How Militarization Amplifies the Effect of Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions
Building on cornerstone traditions in historical sociology, as well as work in environmental sociology and political-economic sociology, we theorize and investigate with moderation analysis how and why national militaries shape the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. Militaries exert a substantial influence on the production and consumption patterns of economies, and the environmental demands required to support their evolving infrastr…
Power, governance and distributional skew in global value chains: Exchange theoretic and exogenous factors
The relationship between power, governance and value creation/capture is a central concern in global value chain (GVC) research. In the context of calls to develop a more expansive view of power in GVCs, we argue for retaining a focus on bargaining power, but shifting the conceptualization of bargaining power from the dyad to the network. We advance two arguments. First, we elaborate an exchange theoretic model in which skew of value capture is a…
Are U.S. Professionals and Managers More Left Than Blue-Collar Workers? An Analysis of the General Social Survey, 1974 to 2018
Social science interest in professionals and managers as a left- and liberal-trending stratum has increased in recent years. Using General Social Survey data over a 44-year period, the authors examine 15 attitudes spanning social, economic, and political identity liberalism. On nearly all attitudes, professionals and managers have trended in a liberal direction, have liberalized more quickly than blue-collar workers, and are either as or more lib…
Micro-mechanisms and Macro-effects: How Structural Change and Institutional Context Affect Income Inequality in Rich Democracies
In this article, the authors develop a taxonomy of the micro-mechanisms by which well-studied macro-level structural changes and institutional contexts distribute income and assess this taxonomy empirically. The authors' taxonomy explicates five distinct micro-mechanisms that operate inside and outside of the labor market to either increase (premiums) or decrease (penalties) income shares. Their analysis of total household income among over 1 mil…
Production Globalization and the Segmentation of the Global Manufacturing Sector
I review three key claims regarding the impact of production globalization on manufacturing workers worldwide, and subject them to empirical scrutiny. Some argue that production globalization causes a “race to the bottom” that leads to a downward convergence of manufacturing workers’ labor power worldwide. Others suggest instead that production globalization leads to an upward convergence of labor power among manufacturing workers worldwide. A th…
Government ownership of banks, political system transparency, and regulatory barriers to new firm entry
Job tasks and the comparative structure of income and employment: Routine task intensity and offshorability for the LIS
Comparative sociologists have long considered occupations to be a key source of inequality. However, data constraints make comparative research on two of the more important contemporary drivers of occupational stratification – globalization and technological change – relatively scarce. This article introduces a new dataset on occupational ‘routine task intensity’ (RTI) and ‘offshorability’ (OFFS) for use with the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). To…
Income Inequality and Population Health: A Global Gradient
Cross-national empirical research about the link between income inequality and population health produces conflicting conclusions. We address these mixed findings by examining the degree to which the income inequality and health relationship varies with economic development. We estimate fixed-effects models with different measures of income inequality and population health. Results suggest that development moderates the association between inequa…
The Globalization of Production and Income Inequality in Rich Democracies
Despite prominent and compelling theoretical arguments linking manufacturing imports from the global South to rising income inequality in the global North, the literature has produced decidedly mixed support for such arguments.We explain this mixed support by introducing intervening processes at the global and national levels.At the global level, evolving characteristics of global production networks (GPNs) amplify the effect of Southern imports.…
Promoting Patriarchy or Dual Equality? Multiculturalism and the Immigrant Household Division of Labor
In this article, we provide the first empirical analysis of the relationship between multicultural immigration policy and gender inequality within immigrant communities. A fierce sociological debate pits those who identify multiculturalism as a key obstacle to gender equality among immigrant families against those who believe multiculturalism and gender egalitarianism are “dual-equality projects.” At the core of this debate are differences over t…
Stratification
Theoretical Holism in the Sociology of Development
In this article, I apply Alderson and Nielsen's (1999) holistic approach to the sociology of development by revisiting the consequences of private markets and foreign direct investment (FDI) for earnings inequality during postsocialist transition. I begin by arguing that FDI increases the pace of private market expansion and thereby affects inequality through an indirect causal pathway unrecognized in the literature. The total effect of FDI thus …
Production Networks and Varieties of Institutional Change: The Inequality Upswing in Post-Socialism Revisited
In this article, we elucidate two new mechanisms for the rise in earnings inequality during post-socialist transition. First, the integration of transition country firms into globalized production networks (GPNs) should increase inequality independent of foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, because EU integration hastened the transition from Soviet-era labor-market practices, the distributional effects of private markets and world-economic in…
Comparative Political Economy of Work
Visualizing Globalization
This essay reviews current approaches to visualizing globalization. We give special attention to relational data‐analytic approaches that implement social network analysis and geographic information systems, and emphasize the social structure of globalization as revealed in cross‐national and city‐to‐city relations. Cross‐national relations include international trade, comemberships in international governmental organization (IGO) and internation…
Ideological Hegemony
Ideological hegemony refers to the embedding of relations of domination and exploitation in the dominant ideas of society. When internalized, these dominant ideas induce consent to these relationships on the part of the dominated and exploited. Consistent with the interconnected world in which we live, there are as many levels of ideological hegemony as there are levels of society
Signalling Demand for Foreign Investment: Postsocialist Countries in the Global Bilateral Investment Treaties Network
A unique dataset on bilateral investment treaties provides a novel source of evidence on the link between neoliberal globalisation and market transition. We argue that postsocialist countries of Europe and Eurasia, more than other developing regions in the world, signed such treaties to signal demand for foreign investment in the spirit of neoliberalism. We calculated the density of the whole BIT network since its inception in 1959 to 2009, and d…
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Post-Socialist Transition Countries
In this article, we revisit classic sociological debates regarding the growth effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). First, we identify a series of theoretical and empirical issues that halted sociological research on the developmental consequences of FDI. Second, we illustrate that post-socialist transition (PST) provides a historically novel opportunity to reinvigorate the debate. These countries experienced rapid industrialization but nea…
The Persistence of Structural Inequality? A Network Analysis of International Trade, 1965-2000
This article reports results from a network analysis of international trade from 1965 through 2000. It addresses the impact of changes associated with globalization and the "new international division of labor" (NIDL) on structural inequality in the world economy. To assess this impact, I ask three specific questions. (1) Do patterns of international trade conform to a core/periphery structure through time? (2) Does the structure exhibit inequali…
How Socio-Economic Change Shapes Income Inequality in Post-Socialist Europe
Although income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe was considerably lower during socialism than in other countries at comparable levels of development, it increased significantly in all Central and East European states after the fall of communist regimes. However, some of these countries managed to maintain comparatively low inequality levels 10 years into the transition period while inequalities have skyrocketed in others. What explains th…
Foreign Investment and Income Inequality: The Natural Experiment of Central and Eastern Europe
How does foreign direct investment (FDI) affect income inequality? We bring evidence from the natural experiment of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to bear on a hotly debated topic. We begin by outlining the literature on the effect of FDI on income inequality, and the serious critiques offered by Firebaugh that raised doubt on previous research. We then discuss the ways in which CEE countries provide a natural experiment with which to contribut…
Globalization, the structure of the world economy and economic development
Economic Globalisation and the Structure of the World City System: The Case of Airline Passenger Data
This paper reports results from an analysis of the relationship between the structure of the city-to-city network of global airline passenger flows and the interstate world system. While many scholars suggest that the broader parameters of the world system structure the urban hierarchy embedded within or articulated to it, others argue that the urban hierarchy is decoupling from the world system. The analyses show that there has been some modest …
Foreign Investment Dependence and the Environment: An Ecostructural Approach
Sociologists have long debated the impacts of foreign investment for less developed countries. However, theorization fails to articulate the potential environmental consequences of foreign investment dependence. Here, an ecostructural theory of investment dependence is proposed and a derived hypothesis is tested. The hypothesis states that less developed countries dependent on foreign investment in manufacturing exhibit higher levels of per capit…
Global models of networked organization, the positional power of nations and economic development
Interdisciplinary literature on global commodity chains (GCCs)/global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs) contends that inter-firm power differentials within globally networked forms of economic organization have implications for the developmental trajectories of nation-states. In this article, I advance these literatures in three ways. First, I bridge the two approaches by elaborating an exchange-theoretic conceptualization…
When do value chains go global? A theory of the spatialization of global value chains
In this article, I synthesize and extend the theoretical literature on global commodity chain (GCC) and global value chain (GVC) governance to generate a theory of the 'globalness' of value chains and the spatialization of value chain linkages. Drawing from the original GCC dichotomy of buyer/producer-driven commodity chains, I emphasize the height of entry barriers to manufacturing and supplier capability differentials across the North-South div…
Guns versus Climate: How Militarization Amplifies the Effect of Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions
Building on cornerstone traditions in historical sociology, as well as work in environmental sociology and political-economic sociology, we theorize and investigate with moderation analysis how and why national militaries shape the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. Militaries exert a substantial influence on the production and consumption patterns of economies, and the environmental demands required to support their evolving infrastr…
Looking Back and Forging Ahead: Thirty Years of Social Network Research on the World-System
We review three decades of research linking social network methods with world systems theory. We identify four themes nested within two versions of a general social network methodology the identification of network Roles and Position. The themes vary by the type of data and the definition of equivalence used to identify roles and positions. Second, we provide a demonstration of the general methodological approach taken in the literature, applying…
Income Inequality and Population Health: A Global Gradient
Cross-national empirical research about the link between income inequality and population health produces conflicting conclusions. We address these mixed findings by examining the degree to which the income inequality and health relationship varies with economic development. We estimate fixed-effects models with different measures of income inequality and population health. Results suggest that development moderates the association between inequa…
Job tasks and the comparative structure of income and employment: Routine task intensity and offshorability for the LIS
Comparative sociologists have long considered occupations to be a key source of inequality. However, data constraints make comparative research on two of the more important contemporary drivers of occupational stratification – globalization and technological change – relatively scarce. This article introduces a new dataset on occupational ‘routine task intensity’ (RTI) and ‘offshorability’ (OFFS) for use with the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). To…
Power, governance and distributional skew in global value chains: Exchange theoretic and exogenous factors
The relationship between power, governance and value creation/capture is a central concern in global value chain (GVC) research. In the context of calls to develop a more expansive view of power in GVCs, we argue for retaining a focus on bargaining power, but shifting the conceptualization of bargaining power from the dyad to the network. We advance two arguments. First, we elaborate an exchange theoretic model in which skew of value capture is a…
Promoting Patriarchy or Dual Equality? Multiculturalism and the Immigrant Household Division of Labor
In this article, we provide the first empirical analysis of the relationship between multicultural immigration policy and gender inequality within immigrant communities. A fierce sociological debate pits those who identify multiculturalism as a key obstacle to gender equality among immigrant families against those who believe multiculturalism and gender egalitarianism are “dual-equality projects.” At the core of this debate are differences over t…
Production Networks and the Organization of the Global Manufacturing Economy
In this article, I explicate an organizational theory that links global models of networked organization to cross-national variation in manufacturing specialization. To subject the theory to empirical scrutiny, I derive cross-nationally comparable measurements of the average network position of resident firms in two industries with ideal-typical forms of network governance-garments and transportation equipment. Analytical results suggest that man…
Within-Country Inequality and the Modern World-System: A Theoretical Reprise and Empirical First Step
This article calls for a renewed investigation of the world-system position inequality link. We begin by outlining two general types of causal mechanisms through which a country s position in the world-system should impact the distribution of income within it. The first type impacts inequality indirectly by conditioning the developmental process, and call for conceptual and empirical models of inequality that account for the link between world-sy…
Measuring Centrality and Power Recursively in the World City Network: A Reply to Neal
In a recent article, Zachary Neal (2011) distinguishes between centrality and power in world city networks and proposes two measures of recursive power and centrality. His effort to clarify oversimplistic interpretations of relational measures of power and position in world city networks is appreciated. However, Neal’s effort to innovate methodologically is based on theoretical reasoning that is dubious when applied to world city networks. And hi…
Structures of globalization: Evidence from the worldwide network of bilateral investment treaties (1959–2009)
Existing sociological theories of international relations yield contrasting predictions for their structure that range from an increasingly dense and universally tied network to networks in which ties tend to concentrate within or between certain types of economically, politically or culturally defined blocs. We contribute to this growing body of empirical research by analyzing original data on the complete worldwide network of bilateral investme…
Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality
Explaining the trade-growth link: Assessing diffusion-based and structure-based models of exchange
Micro-mechanisms and Macro-effects: How Structural Change and Institutional Context Affect Income Inequality in Rich Democracies
In this article, the authors develop a taxonomy of the micro-mechanisms by which well-studied macro-level structural changes and institutional contexts distribute income and assess this taxonomy empirically. The authors' taxonomy explicates five distinct micro-mechanisms that operate inside and outside of the labor market to either increase (premiums) or decrease (penalties) income shares. Their analysis of total household income among over 1 mil…
Signalling Demand for Foreign Investment: Postsocialist Countries in the Global Bilateral Investment Treaties Network
A unique dataset on bilateral investment treaties provides a novel source of evidence on the link between neoliberal globalisation and market transition. We argue that postsocialist countries of Europe and Eurasia, more than other developing regions in the world, signed such treaties to signal demand for foreign investment in the spirit of neoliberalism. We calculated the density of the whole BIT network since its inception in 1959 to 2009, and d…
Global value chains and racial inequality in the US labor market, 1979–2017
Global Value Chains and Union Decline in Rich Democracies
This article reassesses the classic thesis linking the globalization of production to union decline. Our argument is three-fold. First, prior literature does not appreciate how the exchange conditions characterizing global value chain (GVC) relations between leading firms in rich democracies and supplier firms in less developed countries (LDCs) can undermine unionization through trade. Second, the worldwide entrenchment of GVCs as an organization…
Are U.S. Professionals and Managers More Left Than Blue-Collar Workers? An Analysis of the General Social Survey, 1974 to 2018
Social science interest in professionals and managers as a left- and liberal-trending stratum has increased in recent years. Using General Social Survey data over a 44-year period, the authors examine 15 attitudes spanning social, economic, and political identity liberalism. On nearly all attitudes, professionals and managers have trended in a liberal direction, have liberalized more quickly than blue-collar workers, and are either as or more lib…
The Persistence of Structural Inequality? A Network Analysis of International Trade, 1965-2000
This article reports results from a network analysis of international trade from 1965 through 2000. It addresses the impact of changes associated with globalization and the "new international division of labor" (NIDL) on structural inequality in the world economy. To assess this impact, I ask three specific questions. (1) Do patterns of international trade conform to a core/periphery structure through time? (2) Does the structure exhibit inequali…
Ideological Hegemony
Ideological hegemony theorizes the way in which relationships of domination and exploitation are embedded in the dominant ideas of society. To the extent that dominant ideas are internalized, they induce consent to these relationships on the part of the dominated and exploited. Consistent with the interconnected world in which we live, there are as many levels of ideological hegemony as there are levels of society
Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality
Foreign Investment Dependence and the Environment: An Ecostructural Approach
Sociologists have long debated the impacts of foreign investment for less developed countries. However, theorization fails to articulate the potential environmental consequences of foreign investment dependence. Here, an ecostructural theory of investment dependence is proposed and a derived hypothesis is tested. The hypothesis states that less developed countries dependent on foreign investment in manufacturing exhibit higher levels of per capit…
Foreign Investment and Income Inequality: The Natural Experiment of Central and Eastern Europe
How does foreign direct investment (FDI) affect income inequality? We bring evidence from the natural experiment of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to bear on a hotly debated topic. We begin by outlining the literature on the effect of FDI on income inequality, and the serious critiques offered by Firebaugh that raised doubt on previous research. We then discuss the ways in which CEE countries provide a natural experiment with which to contribut…
Looking Back and Forging Ahead: Thirty Years of Social Network Research on the World-System
We review three decades of research linking social network methods with world systems theory. We identify four themes nested within two versions of a general social network methodology the identification of network Roles and Position. The themes vary by the type of data and the definition of equivalence used to identify roles and positions. Second, we provide a demonstration of the general methodological approach taken in the literature, applying…
The Blackwell Companion to Globalization
Computing continuous core/periphery structures for social relations data with Minres/SVD
Economic Globalisation and the Structure of the World City System: The Case of Airline Passenger Data
This paper reports results from an analysis of the relationship between the structure of the city-to-city network of global airline passenger flows and the interstate world system. While many scholars suggest that the broader parameters of the world system structure the urban hierarchy embedded within or articulated to it, others argue that the urban hierarchy is decoupling from the world system. The analyses show that there has been some modest …
How Socio-Economic Change Shapes Income Inequality in Post-Socialist Europe
Although income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe was considerably lower during socialism than in other countries at comparable levels of development, it increased significantly in all Central and East European states after the fall of communist regimes. However, some of these countries managed to maintain comparatively low inequality levels 10 years into the transition period while inequalities have skyrocketed in others. What explains th…
Within-Country Inequality and the Modern World-System: A Theoretical Reprise and Empirical First Step
This article calls for a renewed investigation of the world-system position inequality link. We begin by outlining two general types of causal mechanisms through which a country s position in the world-system should impact the distribution of income within it. The first type impacts inequality indirectly by conditioning the developmental process, and call for conceptual and empirical models of inequality that account for the link between world-sy…
Globalization, the structure of the world economy and economic development
When do value chains go global? A theory of the spatialization of global value chains
In this article, I synthesize and extend the theoretical literature on global commodity chain (GCC) and global value chain (GVC) governance to generate a theory of the 'globalness' of value chains and the spatialization of value chain linkages. Drawing from the original GCC dichotomy of buyer/producer-driven commodity chains, I emphasize the height of entry barriers to manufacturing and supplier capability differentials across the North-South div…
Global models of networked organization, the positional power of nations and economic development
Interdisciplinary literature on global commodity chains (GCCs)/global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs) contends that inter-firm power differentials within globally networked forms of economic organization have implications for the developmental trajectories of nation-states. In this article, I advance these literatures in three ways. First, I bridge the two approaches by elaborating an exchange-theoretic conceptualization…
Measuring Centrality and Power Recursively in the World City Network: A Reply to Neal
In a recent article, Zachary Neal (2011) distinguishes between centrality and power in world city networks and proposes two measures of recursive power and centrality. His effort to clarify oversimplistic interpretations of relational measures of power and position in world city networks is appreciated. However, Neal’s effort to innovate methodologically is based on theoretical reasoning that is dubious when applied to world city networks. And hi…
Structures of globalization: Evidence from the worldwide network of bilateral investment treaties (1959–2009)
Existing sociological theories of international relations yield contrasting predictions for their structure that range from an increasingly dense and universally tied network to networks in which ties tend to concentrate within or between certain types of economically, politically or culturally defined blocs. We contribute to this growing body of empirical research by analyzing original data on the complete worldwide network of bilateral investme…
Explaining the trade-growth link: Assessing diffusion-based and structure-based models of exchange
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Post-Socialist Transition Countries
In this article, we revisit classic sociological debates regarding the growth effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). First, we identify a series of theoretical and empirical issues that halted sociological research on the developmental consequences of FDI. Second, we illustrate that post-socialist transition (PST) provides a historically novel opportunity to reinvigorate the debate. These countries experienced rapid industrialization but nea…
Production Networks and the Organization of the Global Manufacturing Economy
In this article, I explicate an organizational theory that links global models of networked organization to cross-national variation in manufacturing specialization. To subject the theory to empirical scrutiny, I derive cross-nationally comparable measurements of the average network position of resident firms in two industries with ideal-typical forms of network governance-garments and transportation equipment. Analytical results suggest that man…
Visualizing Globalization
This essay reviews current approaches to visualizing globalization. We give special attention to relational data‐analytic approaches that implement social network analysis and geographic information systems, and emphasize the social structure of globalization as revealed in cross‐national and city‐to‐city relations. Cross‐national relations include international trade, comemberships in international governmental organization (IGO) and internation…
Ideological Hegemony
Ideological hegemony refers to the embedding of relations of domination and exploitation in the dominant ideas of society. When internalized, these dominant ideas induce consent to these relationships on the part of the dominated and exploited. Consistent with the interconnected world in which we live, there are as many levels of ideological hegemony as there are levels of society
Signalling Demand for Foreign Investment: Postsocialist Countries in the Global Bilateral Investment Treaties Network
A unique dataset on bilateral investment treaties provides a novel source of evidence on the link between neoliberal globalisation and market transition. We argue that postsocialist countries of Europe and Eurasia, more than other developing regions in the world, signed such treaties to signal demand for foreign investment in the spirit of neoliberalism. We calculated the density of the whole BIT network since its inception in 1959 to 2009, and d…
Stratification
Theoretical Holism in the Sociology of Development
In this article, I apply Alderson and Nielsen's (1999) holistic approach to the sociology of development by revisiting the consequences of private markets and foreign direct investment (FDI) for earnings inequality during postsocialist transition. I begin by arguing that FDI increases the pace of private market expansion and thereby affects inequality through an indirect causal pathway unrecognized in the literature. The total effect of FDI thus …
Production Networks and Varieties of Institutional Change: The Inequality Upswing in Post-Socialism Revisited
In this article, we elucidate two new mechanisms for the rise in earnings inequality during post-socialist transition. First, the integration of transition country firms into globalized production networks (GPNs) should increase inequality independent of foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, because EU integration hastened the transition from Soviet-era labor-market practices, the distributional effects of private markets and world-economic in…
Economics (32 works) · Political science (27 works) · Politics (15 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Inequality (12 works) · Economic geography (11 works) · Mathematics (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Global trade and economics (10 works)