Mandeep K Dhami
Biographic Data
| ID | 249949 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mandeep K Dhami |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mandeep K |
| FAMILY NAME | Dhami |
| SIGNATURE | DHAMI M K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6157-3142 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 89 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Beyond a reasonable doubt
Visualizing versus verbalizing uncertainty in intelligence analysis
We compared the probability terms used by Western intelligence organizations against two visual encoding channel-based representations of uncertainty (i.e. darkness and thickness). Analysts were more sensitive to the probability being communicated under the word than thickness condition but not the darkness condition, with no difference among the visual conditions. However, sensitivity was not perfect. There was no difference in inter-individual …
On conducting ethically sound psychological science in the metaverse
As the next generation of the internet, the metaverse is an immersive three-dimensional (3D) world that incorporates both physical and virtual environments. The metaverse affords numerous advantages for advancing our theoretical and practical understanding of human cognition, emotion, and behavior, as well as shaping our methodological approach to conducting psychological science. However, undertaking research in a world that merges the physical …
Intelligence Analysis Support Guide
Research shows that intelligence analysts do not routinely follow a logical workflow, do not always use critical thinking, and that analysts’ training and experience are unrelated to analysts’ performance. The Analysis Support Guide (ASG) aims to capture, communicate, and encourage good analytic practice. The ASG is informed by organizational intelligence doctrine and past research on intelligence analysis. The ASG includes the generic analytic w…
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
Meta‐informational cue inconsistency and judgment of information accuracy
Meta‐information is information about information that can be used as cues to guide judgments and decisions. Three types of meta‐information that are routinely used in intelligence analysis are source reliability, information credibility, and classification level. The first two cues are intended to speak to information quality (in particular, the probability that the information is accurate), and classification level is intended to describe the i…
Scenario generation and scenario quality using the cone of plausibility
The intelligence analysis domain is a critical area for futures work. Indeed, intelligence analysts’ judgments of security threats are based on considerations of how futures may unfold, and as such play a vital role in informing policy- and decision-making. In this domain, futures are typically considered using qualitative scenario generation techniques such as the cone of plausibility (CoP). We empirically examined the quality of scenarios gener…
Sentencing Multiple- Versus Single-Offence Cases
The ‘totality principle’ in law aims to show mercy to offenders in multiple-offence (MO) cases and retain ordinal proportionality in punishing those who commit different categories of offence. The effect of this principle in practice, however, is largely unknown. The present study involved an analysis of data released by the Sentencing Council for England and Wales to estimate the prevalence of MO cases and compare the penalties they received aga…
Arithmetic computation with probability words and numbers
Probability information is regularly communicated to experts who must fuse multiple estimates to support decision making. Such information is often communicated verbally (e.g., “likely”) rather than with precise numeric (point) values (e.g., “.75”), yet people are not taught to perform arithmetic on verbal probabilities. We hypothesized that the accuracy and logical coherence of averaging and multiplying probabilities will be poorer when individu…
Toward a Pedagogy for Critical Security Studies
International relations has increasingly paid attention to critical pedagogy. Feminist, postcolonial, and poststructuralist international relations scholarship, in particular, have long been advancing discussions about how to create a pluralist and democratic classroom where “the others” of politics can be heard by the students, who then can critically reflect upon complex power relations in global politics. Despite its normative position, critic…
Development of an information sheet providing rapport advice for interpreters in police interviews
The present paper reports the development of an information sheet designed to aid interpreters in police interviews in recognizing, conveying and inadvertently obstructing rapport-building efforts by police interviewers. The contents of this sheet were informed by past research defining rapport, and rapport uses in police interviews. We used a mixed experimental design to test the information sheet. One group (Intervention, n = 35) was randomly a…
Effects of a victim's response to an offender's apology
The ‘apology‐acceptance’ script that may prevail during the victim–offender mediation process suggests that victims may feel obliged or pressured to accept an offender's offer of an apology. Violations of this expectation in terms of rejection of an apology or no recognition of it may influence the outcomes of mediation in several ways. Two experiments examined the effects of a victim's response to an offender's offer of a full apology on offende…
Racial Disparities, Judge Characteristics, and Standards of Review in Sentencing Comment
»Vielmehr bietet [der Kommentar] auf höchstem Niveau eine substantielle Auseinandersetzung mit den Hintergründen, den Zusammenhängen, der Theorie und der Praxis des Grundgesetzes. Besseres lässt sich von einem Verfassungskommentar nicht sagen.“ Herbert Günther Staaatsanzeiger für das Land Hessen 2018 (50), 1494–1495
Instructions on reasonable doubt
Reasonable doubt (RD) is the standard of proof used in criminal trials. It is, however, a fuzzy concept in most jurors’ minds, and several jurisdictions have developed judicial instructions defining RD to help jurors understand and correctly apply the standard. We investigated the effectiveness of two instructions that have been used and challenged in the US (briefly RD is “proof that makes you willing to act”, and RD is “doubt that makes you hes…
A Forensic Examination of Court Reports
Advice to professionals who conduct forensic evaluations for courts on how to write an effective report has been driven by legal evidentiary principles and best practices in assessment. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to how salient information is integrated within a report, and how non‐informational aspects of reports (e.g., order and format of information) may impact the fact‐finding process. Experts are required to integrate both …
Forecasted risk taking in youth
Offer and Acceptance of Apology in Victim-Offender Mediation
Pictures speak louder than numbers
Background and objectives Medical risk communication has been infrequently studied in immigrants with limited non‐native language proficiency, even though they may be at greatest risk of illness. In a study, we examined to what extent Polish immigrants to the UK have difficulties in understanding treatment risk reduction expressed as ratios either in their native language or in a non‐native language (English). We further investigated whether this…
Risky discounts
Lay Magistrates' Interpretations of ‘Substantial Grounds’ for Denying Bail
The main goal was to capture how decision makers interpret the phrase ‘substantial grounds’ for denying bail stated in the Bail Act 1976. It was found that magistrates who remanded the defendant into custody, judged the mean risks of the defendant absconding, offending on bail, and obstructing justice to be significantly greater than did those who bailed the defendant. Thus, the mean interpretation of ‘substantial grounds’ across magistrates was …
Introduction to the special issue
An evaluation of post-adoption services
White-collar Prisoners' Perceptions of Audience Reaction
There appears to be a societal-level change in the reaction to white-collar crime. The present study explored how white-collar prisoners perceive the reactions of the judiciary, media, significant others, prison staff, and other inmates toward them, and how these offenders perceived their own offending behavior. Interviews with 14 offenders revealed that they perceived the reaction of the judiciary and media as negative (e.g., punitive), but the …
Restorative Final Warnings
This article explores the diversionary measure of restorative final warnings within the context of the youth justice system. We examine the philosophy and rationale of the new era in cautioning and discuss the potential practice implications since its implementation in 2000, under the statutory legislation within the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. To date there has been very little research or academic debate on the new system of police cautioning …
Gender‐linked Risks for Peer Physical and Relational Victimization in the Context of School‐level Poverty in First Grade
In a short‐term longitudinal study of 432 first‐grade children, we examined whether gender interacted with contextual differences (school‐level poverty) and individual differences at school entry (behavioral problems, emotional problems, and social competence) to predict changes in peer physical and relational victimization and receipt of prosocial acts. Gender differences in peer victimization were observed in schools with low levels of student …
Bailing and jailing the fast and frugal way
Legal decisions such as the decision to bail upon adjourning a case have major consequences for both defendants and society. In the English system, magistrates, most of whom are lay people, are afforded considerable discretion and must work under constraints such as time pressure. Judgment analysis of the bail decision making policies of 81 magistrates from 44 courts throughout England and Wales revealed intra‐ and inter‐magistrate inconsistency …
The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition
Egon Brunswik argued that psychological processes are adapted to environmental properties. He proposed the method of representative design to capture these processes and advocated that psychology be a science of organism-environment relations. Representative design involves randomly sampling stimuli from the environment or creating stimuli in which environmental properties are preserved. This departs from systematic design. The authors review the…
An evaluation of post-adoption services
What I did” versus “what I might have done”
White-collar Prisoners' Perceptions of Audience Reaction
There appears to be a societal-level change in the reaction to white-collar crime. The present study explored how white-collar prisoners perceive the reactions of the judiciary, media, significant others, prison staff, and other inmates toward them, and how these offenders perceived their own offending behavior. Interviews with 14 offenders revealed that they perceived the reaction of the judiciary and media as negative (e.g., punitive), but the …
Offer and Acceptance of Apology in Victim-Offender Mediation
Gender‐linked Risks for Peer Physical and Relational Victimization in the Context of School‐level Poverty in First Grade
In a short‐term longitudinal study of 432 first‐grade children, we examined whether gender interacted with contextual differences (school‐level poverty) and individual differences at school entry (behavioral problems, emotional problems, and social competence) to predict changes in peer physical and relational victimization and receipt of prosocial acts. Gender differences in peer victimization were observed in schools with low levels of student …
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
Scenario generation and scenario quality using the cone of plausibility
The intelligence analysis domain is a critical area for futures work. Indeed, intelligence analysts’ judgments of security threats are based on considerations of how futures may unfold, and as such play a vital role in informing policy- and decision-making. In this domain, futures are typically considered using qualitative scenario generation techniques such as the cone of plausibility (CoP). We empirically examined the quality of scenarios gener…
Toward a Pedagogy for Critical Security Studies
International relations has increasingly paid attention to critical pedagogy. Feminist, postcolonial, and poststructuralist international relations scholarship, in particular, have long been advancing discussions about how to create a pluralist and democratic classroom where “the others” of politics can be heard by the students, who then can critically reflect upon complex power relations in global politics. Despite its normative position, critic…
Arithmetic computation with probability words and numbers
Probability information is regularly communicated to experts who must fuse multiple estimates to support decision making. Such information is often communicated verbally (e.g., “likely”) rather than with precise numeric (point) values (e.g., “.75”), yet people are not taught to perform arithmetic on verbal probabilities. We hypothesized that the accuracy and logical coherence of averaging and multiplying probabilities will be poorer when individu…
Meta‐informational cue inconsistency and judgment of information accuracy
Meta‐information is information about information that can be used as cues to guide judgments and decisions. Three types of meta‐information that are routinely used in intelligence analysis are source reliability, information credibility, and classification level. The first two cues are intended to speak to information quality (in particular, the probability that the information is accurate), and classification level is intended to describe the i…
Sentencing Multiple- Versus Single-Offence Cases
The ‘totality principle’ in law aims to show mercy to offenders in multiple-offence (MO) cases and retain ordinal proportionality in punishing those who commit different categories of offence. The effect of this principle in practice, however, is largely unknown. The present study involved an analysis of data released by the Sentencing Council for England and Wales to estimate the prevalence of MO cases and compare the penalties they received aga…
Effects of a victim's response to an offender's apology
The ‘apology‐acceptance’ script that may prevail during the victim–offender mediation process suggests that victims may feel obliged or pressured to accept an offender's offer of an apology. Violations of this expectation in terms of rejection of an apology or no recognition of it may influence the outcomes of mediation in several ways. Two experiments examined the effects of a victim's response to an offender's offer of a full apology on offende…
Instructions on reasonable doubt
Reasonable doubt (RD) is the standard of proof used in criminal trials. It is, however, a fuzzy concept in most jurors’ minds, and several jurisdictions have developed judicial instructions defining RD to help jurors understand and correctly apply the standard. We investigated the effectiveness of two instructions that have been used and challenged in the US (briefly RD is “proof that makes you willing to act”, and RD is “doubt that makes you hes…
Risky discounts
Introduction to the special issue
Bailing and jailing the fast and frugal way
Legal decisions such as the decision to bail upon adjourning a case have major consequences for both defendants and society. In the English system, magistrates, most of whom are lay people, are afforded considerable discretion and must work under constraints such as time pressure. Judgment analysis of the bail decision making policies of 81 magistrates from 44 courts throughout England and Wales revealed intra- and inter-magistrate inconsistency …
Bailing and jailing the fast and frugal way
Legal decisions such as the decision to bail upon adjourning a case have major consequences for both defendants and society. In the English system, magistrates, most of whom are lay people, are afforded considerable discretion and must work under constraints such as time pressure. Judgment analysis of the bail decision making policies of 81 magistrates from 44 courts throughout England and Wales revealed intra‐ and inter‐magistrate inconsistency …
Do Bail Information Schemes Really Affect Bail Decisions
Bail Information Schemes gather and provide information on a defendant's community ties to the court. Past evaluations have concluded that schemes are effective because more defendants are granted bail. However, the evaluations include possible confounds and other limitations, thus threatening the validity of their findings. They are also incompatible with research showing that magistrates do not always attend to community ties information. Here,…
Conditional Bail Decision Making in the Magistrates' Court
Conditional bail is a popular alternative to a remand in custody when magistrates believe a defendant poses a risk if released unconditionally. In the present study, magistrates made bail decisions on systematically designed hypothetical cases. It was found that on average, magistrates attached more than one condition to bail, and they were limited in the types of conditions they imposed. Although there was no difference in the consistency of mag…
The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition
Egon Brunswik argued that psychological processes are adapted to environmental properties. He proposed the method of representative design to capture these processes and advocated that psychology be a science of organism-environment relations. Representative design involves randomly sampling stimuli from the environment or creating stimuli in which environmental properties are preserved. This departs from systematic design. The authors review the…
Gender‐linked Risks for Peer Physical and Relational Victimization in the Context of School‐level Poverty in First Grade
In a short‐term longitudinal study of 432 first‐grade children, we examined whether gender interacted with contextual differences (school‐level poverty) and individual differences at school entry (behavioral problems, emotional problems, and social competence) to predict changes in peer physical and relational victimization and receipt of prosocial acts. Gender differences in peer victimization were observed in schools with low levels of student …
What I did” versus “what I might have done”
Restorative Final Warnings
This article explores the diversionary measure of restorative final warnings within the context of the youth justice system. We examine the philosophy and rationale of the new era in cautioning and discuss the potential practice implications since its implementation in 2000, under the statutory legislation within the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. To date there has been very little research or academic debate on the new system of police cautioning …
Introduction to the special issue
An evaluation of post-adoption services
White-collar Prisoners' Perceptions of Audience Reaction
There appears to be a societal-level change in the reaction to white-collar crime. The present study explored how white-collar prisoners perceive the reactions of the judiciary, media, significant others, prison staff, and other inmates toward them, and how these offenders perceived their own offending behavior. Interviews with 14 offenders revealed that they perceived the reaction of the judiciary and media as negative (e.g., punitive), but the …
Lay Magistrates' Interpretations of ‘Substantial Grounds’ for Denying Bail
The main goal was to capture how decision makers interpret the phrase ‘substantial grounds’ for denying bail stated in the Bail Act 1976. It was found that magistrates who remanded the defendant into custody, judged the mean risks of the defendant absconding, offending on bail, and obstructing justice to be significantly greater than did those who bailed the defendant. Thus, the mean interpretation of ‘substantial grounds’ across magistrates was …
Pictures speak louder than numbers
Background and objectives Medical risk communication has been infrequently studied in immigrants with limited non‐native language proficiency, even though they may be at greatest risk of illness. In a study, we examined to what extent Polish immigrants to the UK have difficulties in understanding treatment risk reduction expressed as ratios either in their native language or in a non‐native language (English). We further investigated whether this…
Risky discounts
A Forensic Examination of Court Reports
Advice to professionals who conduct forensic evaluations for courts on how to write an effective report has been driven by legal evidentiary principles and best practices in assessment. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to how salient information is integrated within a report, and how non‐informational aspects of reports (e.g., order and format of information) may impact the fact‐finding process. Experts are required to integrate both …
Forecasted risk taking in youth
Offer and Acceptance of Apology in Victim-Offender Mediation
Racial Disparities, Judge Characteristics, and Standards of Review in Sentencing Comment
»Vielmehr bietet [der Kommentar] auf höchstem Niveau eine substantielle Auseinandersetzung mit den Hintergründen, den Zusammenhängen, der Theorie und der Praxis des Grundgesetzes. Besseres lässt sich von einem Verfassungskommentar nicht sagen.“ Herbert Günther Staaatsanzeiger für das Land Hessen 2018 (50), 1494–1495
Instructions on reasonable doubt
Reasonable doubt (RD) is the standard of proof used in criminal trials. It is, however, a fuzzy concept in most jurors’ minds, and several jurisdictions have developed judicial instructions defining RD to help jurors understand and correctly apply the standard. We investigated the effectiveness of two instructions that have been used and challenged in the US (briefly RD is “proof that makes you willing to act”, and RD is “doubt that makes you hes…
Effects of a victim's response to an offender's apology
The ‘apology‐acceptance’ script that may prevail during the victim–offender mediation process suggests that victims may feel obliged or pressured to accept an offender's offer of an apology. Violations of this expectation in terms of rejection of an apology or no recognition of it may influence the outcomes of mediation in several ways. Two experiments examined the effects of a victim's response to an offender's offer of a full apology on offende…
Development of an information sheet providing rapport advice for interpreters in police interviews
The present paper reports the development of an information sheet designed to aid interpreters in police interviews in recognizing, conveying and inadvertently obstructing rapport-building efforts by police interviewers. The contents of this sheet were informed by past research defining rapport, and rapport uses in police interviews. We used a mixed experimental design to test the information sheet. One group (Intervention, n = 35) was randomly a…
Toward a Pedagogy for Critical Security Studies
International relations has increasingly paid attention to critical pedagogy. Feminist, postcolonial, and poststructuralist international relations scholarship, in particular, have long been advancing discussions about how to create a pluralist and democratic classroom where “the others” of politics can be heard by the students, who then can critically reflect upon complex power relations in global politics. Despite its normative position, critic…
Arithmetic computation with probability words and numbers
Probability information is regularly communicated to experts who must fuse multiple estimates to support decision making. Such information is often communicated verbally (e.g., “likely”) rather than with precise numeric (point) values (e.g., “.75”), yet people are not taught to perform arithmetic on verbal probabilities. We hypothesized that the accuracy and logical coherence of averaging and multiplying probabilities will be poorer when individu…
Meta‐informational cue inconsistency and judgment of information accuracy
Meta‐information is information about information that can be used as cues to guide judgments and decisions. Three types of meta‐information that are routinely used in intelligence analysis are source reliability, information credibility, and classification level. The first two cues are intended to speak to information quality (in particular, the probability that the information is accurate), and classification level is intended to describe the i…
Scenario generation and scenario quality using the cone of plausibility
The intelligence analysis domain is a critical area for futures work. Indeed, intelligence analysts’ judgments of security threats are based on considerations of how futures may unfold, and as such play a vital role in informing policy- and decision-making. In this domain, futures are typically considered using qualitative scenario generation techniques such as the cone of plausibility (CoP). We empirically examined the quality of scenarios gener…
Psychology (25 works) · Computer Science (20 works) · Political science (16 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Law (12 works) · Criminology (9 works) · Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems (9 works) · Law (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (7 works)