Carmen Byker Shanks
Biographic Data
| ID | 2506218 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carmen Byker Shanks |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carmen Byker |
| FAMILY NAME | Shanks |
| SIGNATURE | SHANKS C B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Montana State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9030-9938 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Assessment of construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener
Objective: The Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener (CUPS) was developed to rapidly assess ultra-processed food (UPF) and drink product intake among Canadian adults. The CUPS is an online self-administered screener that includes twenty-eight questions and assesses the intake of a variety of UPF available in Canada, both in French and English. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the CUPS among a sample of adul…
Improving public health data collection approaches across populations
Objective: Public health approaches for addressing diet-related health in the USA include nutrition incentive (NI) and produce prescription (PPR) projects. These projects, funded through the US Department of Agriculture Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP), aim to support the intake of fruits and vegetables through healthy food incentives. Measuring the GusNIP impact is vital to assessing the ability of incentives to improve public…
Characteristics of the People and Communities Served by GusNIP Produce Prescriptions
Objectives. To examine enrollment in Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) produce prescriptions and identify opportunities to expand their reach. Methods. We conducted descriptive analyses of cross-sectional baseline surveys of 21 635 participants (living in the Southern, West, North Central, or Northeast region of the United States) in GusNIP produce prescriptions between 2020 and 2024. We applied geographic information system map…
School Lunch Advisory Councils’ use of behavioural economics influences vegetable selection and waste
Introduction: Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is low among adolescents, and waste of these foods is high in school cafeterias. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of behavioural economic strategies and structural lunchroom changes on FV selection and waste in high-school lunch programmes using the collaborative efforts of teachers, food service directors and students. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental design was u…
Preference for fruits and vegetables is linked to plate waste among preschool children
FV preference and plate waste are significantly and inversely correlated. The rapid assessment tool developed should be validated to be used in implementing strategies that increase child preferences and consumption of FV that support lifelong healthy eating behaviors
Accelerating Evaluation of Financial Incentives for Fruits and Vegetables
Food insecurity, or lack of consistent access to enough food, is associated with low intakes of fruits and vegetables (FVs) and higher risk of chronic diseases and disproportionately affects populations with low income. Financial incentives for FVs are supported by the 2018 Farm Bill and United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture's Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) and aim to increase dietary quality and food security among …
The effects of foods available through the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake
Objective: To compare the effects of a typical Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) diet with an FDPIR diet that meets Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake on a combination of American Indian (AI) and non-AI individuals. Design: A within-subjects, randomised, crossover design was used to compare two dietary conditions: (1) a FDPIR diet that met DGA and (2) a FDPIR diet tha…
The UnProcessed Pantry Project (UP3)
Low-income populations are more likely to experience food and nutrition insecurity and suffer a greater burden of noncommunicable disease than the general population. The UnProcessed Pantry Project (UP3) is an intervention aimed to reduce ultra-processed food availability and consumption of food pantry clients accessing the emergency food system. The pilot study included nutrition education, food boxes, and social support for 16 weeks at 2 food p…
Intended and Unintended Consequences of a Community-Based Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Dietary Intervention on the Flathead Reservation of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
Tribal communities in the United States face disparities to accessing healthy foods including high-quality produce. A six-week fresh fruit and vegetable (FV) dietary intervention, Eat Fresh, was co-designed with a Community Advisory Board of local food and nutrition stakeholders on the Flathead Reservation of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in Montana. Eat Fresh was implemented as a pilot study with low-income participants (n=19) enro…
Milk Consumption and Waste Across 5 Montana High School Lunch Programs
BACKGROUND: Few studies document milk selection and waste among high school lunch programs. METHODS: This observational research assesses the types of milk selected and wasted among 5 Montana high school lunch programs. Over 6 days across the 2014-2015 school year, 3842 milk cartons were collected. Direct weighing was used to assess the ounces of milk wasted and consumed by milk type. Outcomes included the number of milks selected by type at each…
The Curated Food System
In an effort to elucidate an aspirational vision for the food system and explore whether the characteristics of such a system inadvertently set unattainable standards for low-wealth rural communities, we applied discourse analysis to the following qualitative datasets: (1) interviews with food experts and advocates, (2) scholarly and grey literature, (3) industry websites, and (4) email exchanges between food advocates. The analysis revealed eigh…
Examining Rural Food-Insecure Families’ Perceptions of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a critical program that helps reduce the risk of food insecurity, yet little is known about how SNAP addresses the needs of rural, food-insecure residents in the United States (U.S.). This study examines how rural, food-insecure residents perceive SNAP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 153 individuals living in six diverse rural regions of Arkansas, Montana, North Carolina, Ore…
Perceptions of food environments and nutrition among residents of the Flathead Indian Reservation
Perceptions of the food environment were linked to strategies that could be targeted to improve dietary quality along a social-ecological model continuum. There is need for skill-based education that directly addresses the time and monetary constraints that were commonly experienced by residents. Coinciding food environment interventions to promote dietary quality that engage community members, store management, and government policy stakeholders…
An ethnographic study exploring factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools
Objective: To explore factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools and to consider how such factors can be modified and applied in US schools. Design: Focused ethnographic study using interviews, observation, participant observation and document review. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting: Tokyo, Japan. Participants: Five school dietitians participated in the study. Data collection methods included in-depth interv…
The Covid-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Watershed Moment to Strengthen Food Security Across the US Food System Carmen Byker Shanks PhD, RDN, Melanie D. Hingle PhD, MPH, RDN, Courtney A. Parks PhD, and Amy L. Yaroch PhD Affiliation Carmen Byker Shanks is with the Department of Health and Human Development, Food and Health Lab, Montana State University, Bozeman. Melanie D. Hingle is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. Court…
The UnProcessed Pantry Project Framework to Address Nutrition in the Emergency Food System
Low-income populations suffer a greater burden of chronic diseases and food insecurity, are more likely to consume ultraprocessed food, and are less likely to meet dietary recommendations than the general population.1,2 Ultraprocessed food is manipulated with artificial ingredients and can be high in sodium, caloric sweeteners, and saturated fats and, thus, has deleterious health effects.3 The NOVA framework, created by Monteiro and colleagues,3 …
Rural corner store owners’ perceptions of stocking healthier foods in response to proposed SNAP retailer rule changes
Grandmother and health care professional breastfeeding perspectives provide opportunities for health promotion in an American Indian community
Quality of Vegetables Based on Total Phenolic Concentration Is Lower in More Rural Consumer Food Environments in a Rural American State
While daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is widely recognized to be associated with supporting nutrition and health, disparities exist in consumer food environments regarding access to high-quality produce based on location. The purpose of this study was to evaluate FV quality using total phenolic (TP) scores (a phytochemical measure for health-promoting attributes, flavor, appearance, and shelf-life) in consumer food environments a…
Assessing foods offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010
Objective To assess the nutritional quality of food packages offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). Design Data were collected from the list of the food products provided by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Handbook 501 for FDPIR . Nutritional quality was measured through a cross-sectional analysis of five randomly selected food packages offered …
Developing an agenda for research about policies to improve access to healthy foods in rural communities
This collaborative, trans-disciplinary, participatory process, created a map to guide and prioritize research about polices to improve healthy, affordable food access in rural communities
The Covid-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Watershed Moment to Strengthen Food Security Across the US Food System Carmen Byker Shanks PhD, RDN, Melanie D. Hingle PhD, MPH, RDN, Courtney A. Parks PhD, and Amy L. Yaroch PhD Affiliation Carmen Byker Shanks is with the Department of Health and Human Development, Food and Health Lab, Montana State University, Bozeman. Melanie D. Hingle is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. Court…
Grandmother and health care professional breastfeeding perspectives provide opportunities for health promotion in an American Indian community
Developing an agenda for research about policies to improve access to healthy foods in rural communities
This collaborative, trans-disciplinary, participatory process, created a map to guide and prioritize research about polices to improve healthy, affordable food access in rural communities
Assessing foods offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010
Objective To assess the nutritional quality of food packages offered in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). Design Data were collected from the list of the food products provided by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Handbook 501 for FDPIR . Nutritional quality was measured through a cross-sectional analysis of five randomly selected food packages offered …
Quality of Vegetables Based on Total Phenolic Concentration Is Lower in More Rural Consumer Food Environments in a Rural American State
While daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is widely recognized to be associated with supporting nutrition and health, disparities exist in consumer food environments regarding access to high-quality produce based on location. The purpose of this study was to evaluate FV quality using total phenolic (TP) scores (a phytochemical measure for health-promoting attributes, flavor, appearance, and shelf-life) in consumer food environments a…
Rural corner store owners’ perceptions of stocking healthier foods in response to proposed SNAP retailer rule changes
Grandmother and health care professional breastfeeding perspectives provide opportunities for health promotion in an American Indian community
The UnProcessed Pantry Project Framework to Address Nutrition in the Emergency Food System
Low-income populations suffer a greater burden of chronic diseases and food insecurity, are more likely to consume ultraprocessed food, and are less likely to meet dietary recommendations than the general population.1,2 Ultraprocessed food is manipulated with artificial ingredients and can be high in sodium, caloric sweeteners, and saturated fats and, thus, has deleterious health effects.3 The NOVA framework, created by Monteiro and colleagues,3 …
Intended and Unintended Consequences of a Community-Based Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Dietary Intervention on the Flathead Reservation of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
Tribal communities in the United States face disparities to accessing healthy foods including high-quality produce. A six-week fresh fruit and vegetable (FV) dietary intervention, Eat Fresh, was co-designed with a Community Advisory Board of local food and nutrition stakeholders on the Flathead Reservation of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in Montana. Eat Fresh was implemented as a pilot study with low-income participants (n=19) enro…
Milk Consumption and Waste Across 5 Montana High School Lunch Programs
BACKGROUND: Few studies document milk selection and waste among high school lunch programs. METHODS: This observational research assesses the types of milk selected and wasted among 5 Montana high school lunch programs. Over 6 days across the 2014-2015 school year, 3842 milk cartons were collected. Direct weighing was used to assess the ounces of milk wasted and consumed by milk type. Outcomes included the number of milks selected by type at each…
The Curated Food System
In an effort to elucidate an aspirational vision for the food system and explore whether the characteristics of such a system inadvertently set unattainable standards for low-wealth rural communities, we applied discourse analysis to the following qualitative datasets: (1) interviews with food experts and advocates, (2) scholarly and grey literature, (3) industry websites, and (4) email exchanges between food advocates. The analysis revealed eigh…
Examining Rural Food-Insecure Families’ Perceptions of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a critical program that helps reduce the risk of food insecurity, yet little is known about how SNAP addresses the needs of rural, food-insecure residents in the United States (U.S.). This study examines how rural, food-insecure residents perceive SNAP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 153 individuals living in six diverse rural regions of Arkansas, Montana, North Carolina, Ore…
Perceptions of food environments and nutrition among residents of the Flathead Indian Reservation
Perceptions of the food environment were linked to strategies that could be targeted to improve dietary quality along a social-ecological model continuum. There is need for skill-based education that directly addresses the time and monetary constraints that were commonly experienced by residents. Coinciding food environment interventions to promote dietary quality that engage community members, store management, and government policy stakeholders…
An ethnographic study exploring factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools
Objective: To explore factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools and to consider how such factors can be modified and applied in US schools. Design: Focused ethnographic study using interviews, observation, participant observation and document review. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting: Tokyo, Japan. Participants: Five school dietitians participated in the study. Data collection methods included in-depth interv…
The Covid-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Watershed Moment to Strengthen Food Security Across the US Food System Carmen Byker Shanks PhD, RDN, Melanie D. Hingle PhD, MPH, RDN, Courtney A. Parks PhD, and Amy L. Yaroch PhD Affiliation Carmen Byker Shanks is with the Department of Health and Human Development, Food and Health Lab, Montana State University, Bozeman. Melanie D. Hingle is with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. Court…
Preference for fruits and vegetables is linked to plate waste among preschool children
FV preference and plate waste are significantly and inversely correlated. The rapid assessment tool developed should be validated to be used in implementing strategies that increase child preferences and consumption of FV that support lifelong healthy eating behaviors
Accelerating Evaluation of Financial Incentives for Fruits and Vegetables
Food insecurity, or lack of consistent access to enough food, is associated with low intakes of fruits and vegetables (FVs) and higher risk of chronic diseases and disproportionately affects populations with low income. Financial incentives for FVs are supported by the 2018 Farm Bill and United States (U.S.) Department of Agriculture's Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) and aim to increase dietary quality and food security among …
The effects of foods available through the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake
Objective: To compare the effects of a typical Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) diet with an FDPIR diet that meets Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake on a combination of American Indian (AI) and non-AI individuals. Design: A within-subjects, randomised, crossover design was used to compare two dietary conditions: (1) a FDPIR diet that met DGA and (2) a FDPIR diet tha…
The UnProcessed Pantry Project (UP3)
Low-income populations are more likely to experience food and nutrition insecurity and suffer a greater burden of noncommunicable disease than the general population. The UnProcessed Pantry Project (UP3) is an intervention aimed to reduce ultra-processed food availability and consumption of food pantry clients accessing the emergency food system. The pilot study included nutrition education, food boxes, and social support for 16 weeks at 2 food p…
School Lunch Advisory Councils’ use of behavioural economics influences vegetable selection and waste
Introduction: Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is low among adolescents, and waste of these foods is high in school cafeterias. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of behavioural economic strategies and structural lunchroom changes on FV selection and waste in high-school lunch programmes using the collaborative efforts of teachers, food service directors and students. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental design was u…
Improving public health data collection approaches across populations
Objective: Public health approaches for addressing diet-related health in the USA include nutrition incentive (NI) and produce prescription (PPR) projects. These projects, funded through the US Department of Agriculture Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP), aim to support the intake of fruits and vegetables through healthy food incentives. Measuring the GusNIP impact is vital to assessing the ability of incentives to improve public…
Characteristics of the People and Communities Served by GusNIP Produce Prescriptions
Objectives. To examine enrollment in Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) produce prescriptions and identify opportunities to expand their reach. Methods. We conducted descriptive analyses of cross-sectional baseline surveys of 21 635 participants (living in the Southern, West, North Central, or Northeast region of the United States) in GusNIP produce prescriptions between 2020 and 2024. We applied geographic information system map…
Assessment of construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener
Objective: The Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener (CUPS) was developed to rapidly assess ultra-processed food (UPF) and drink product intake among Canadian adults. The CUPS is an online self-administered screener that includes twenty-eight questions and assesses the intake of a variety of UPF available in Canada, both in French and English. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the CUPS among a sample of adul…
Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations (16 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (14 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Geography (10 works) · Business (9 works) · Food security (7 works) · Agriculture (6 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (6 works) · Economics (6 works)