Paul Kubicek
Biographic Data
| ID | 252197 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Kubicek |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Kubicek |
| SIGNATURE | KUBICEK P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Oakland University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1601-2319 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 63 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 367 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 62 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Introduction: Reflections on the centenary of the Republic of Turkey
This article briefly introduces the rationale and content of a Special Issue of Turkish Studies that reflects on Turkey’s past, present, and future in light of the Republic’s centenary in 2023. It suggests that while Turkey can celebrate many accomplishments over the last century, the country continues to face a number of pressing political, economic, and social challenges
Liberalism: The missing piece in Turkey’s political development
Prominent themes in Turkey’s political development are modernization and Westernization, notions that carry with them a particular teleology in terms of expected political outcomes. While Turkey has, over several decades, modernized in several respects, Westernization has arguably been much more limited, particularly in terms of embracing political liberalism. This paper scrutinizes its failure to take root in Turkey, noting how a congruence of f…
Contrasting theoretical approaches to Turkish foreign policy
This article introduces a Special Issue dedicated to applying international relations theories to Turkish foreign policy. More specifically, it contrasts structural or neo-realist approaches with ideational or constructivist ones, suggests general strengths and shortcomings in each, and briefly suggests how both might apply to TFP. It also introduces the eight substantive articles in the Special Issue
Structural dynamics, pragmatism, and shared grievances: Explaining Russian-Turkish relations
In recent years, closer Turkish-Russian relations have captured the attention of both academics and policymakers, but also seem rather paradoxical as the two countries find themselves on opposite sides of conflicts in Syria, Libya, and the Caucuses. This paper evaluates how effective neo-realist (structural) and ideational (constructivist) theories of international relations are in explaining the Turkish-Russian relationship. Ultimately, this pap…
Illiberal Nationalism and the Backlash against Liberal Cosmopolitanism in Post-Communist Europe
This article analyses the fate of liberal nationalism in the post-communist space and the rise of illiberal variants in recent years. It explores how liberalism has been decoupled from nationalism and is now closely associated with cosmopolitanism, which supports universal rights while downplaying notions of national citizenship. The result is that, as publics have grown sour on globalization and institutions such as the European Union, illiberal…
Strictly Pragmatism: Prospects for a Russian-Turkish Partnership
This article examines prospects for Russian-Turkish cooperation in a number of areas, including energy, security, and in Syria. It argues that possibilities for a Russian-Turkish partnership have significantly expanded since 2016, while at the same time Turkey’s relations with the West have deteriorated. It suggests that both Russia and Turkey are revisionist states, seeking changes to the existing global order. While some aspects of their ties a…
Do Truth and Reconciliation Committees Improve Human Rights? Evidence From Africa
This article examines the impact of truth and reconciliation committees (TRCs) on human rights in Africa. It examines the effects of fifteen different TRCs from 1984–2014, and fills a gap in the existent literature by developing measures to assess the strength of each TRC. Many African TRCs are quite weak. Nevertheless, the study does not find that stronger TRCs are more successful in terms of human rights outcomes. While not dismissing the value…
Faulty Assumptions about Democratization in Turkey
For most of the first decade of its rule, the AKP touted itself as an agent for democratization, receiving much support both inside and outside of Turkey. More recently, the AKP has taken a clear authoritarian turn, raising the issue of why many observers of Turkey, including myself, did not see this coming. This paper looks at some of the blinders that I, among others, wore as we assessed the AKP and prospects for democracy in Turkey. These incl…
Islamist Political Orientations among Central Asian Youth
There is a widespread fear that Islamist and ‘extremist’ orientations are gaining strength in Central Asia, particularly among younger people. This article, examining data from a 2011–2012 survey in the region, finds little evidence to support this proposition. While there is sizeable support for some Islamist beliefs, age is not a strong predictor of such orientations. Interestingly, assertions that Central Asian youth are more likely to feel ma…
Democratization and Gender Equality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Since 1990, sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed both greater democratization and improvements in gender equality. This article explores whether there is a causal connection between the two. It develops a dataset for gender (in)equality for forty-one countries stretching back to 1990 that includes data for education, employment, and political representation. It examines whether countries with stronger democratic records have better records with respe…
Istanbul: Living with difference in a global city
The relationship of present day Istanbul to its variegated and more cosmopolitan history has been the subject of historical and sociological analysis, memoirs, films, and novels. Orhan Pamuk famous
Identity politics inside out: National identity contestation and foreign policy in Turkey
Many observers have noted apparent U-turns in contemporary Turkish foreign policy under the Justice and Development Party (AKP): early embrace of the European Union (EU) and then indifference and h
Turkey and the West: Fault lines in a troubled alliance
Turkey and the West is an exceptionally timely volume, and Kemal Kirisci, director of the Turkey Project at the Brookings Institution, is well-placed to write it. It is a thoughtful reflection on c
The new Sultan: Erdogan and the crisis of modern Turkey
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan ranks as one of the world’s most important and noteworthy political leaders. In part, this is a reflection of Turkey’s geopolitical position, as Erdogan becam
European Politics
Turkey’s Rise as an Emerging Power
1. Decoding Turkey's Rise: An Introduction Profiling Turkey as a Rising Power and the Facilitating Factors at Play 2. Turkey: A Regional Power Facing a Changing International System 3. The Transformation of the Geopolitical Vision in Turkish Foreign Policy Categorizing Turkey as Rising: Alternative Conceptual Lenses and Theoretical Approaches 4. Beyond the Institutional Logics: International Level Systemic Analysis of EU-Turkish Relations 5. Asse…
Turkey's Rise As an Emerging Power
Dancing with the devil: Explaining the European Union’s engagement with Ukraine under Viktor Yanukovych
Viktor Yanukovych’s ouster from power in 2014 was widely celebrated in Europe as a step forward for democracy in Ukraine. What is now somewhat forgotten, however, is that the European Union (EU) was closely engaged with the Yanukovych regime, offering it a favorable Association Agreement even as the country regressed with respect to democracy. This article examines the EU’s policy toward Ukraine during Yanukovych’s presidency (2010–2014), highlig…
Special Section: Turkey's 2015 Parliamentary Elections
Media in new Turkey: The origins of an authoritarian neoliberal state
Many recent reports detailing the numerous problems and shortcomings of Turkish democracy prominently feature coverage of the deteriorating environment for free media. For example, since 2013, Free
Political Islam and Democracy in the Muslim World
Belying assertions of the incompatibility of Islam and democracy, many Muslim-majority countries are now or have been democratic. Paul Kubicek draws on the experiences of those countries to explore the relationship between political manifestations of Islam and democratic politics. Kubicek's comparative analysis allows him to highlight the common features that create conditions amenable to democratic development in Muslim-majority countries—and to…
The House of Service: The Gülen Movement and Islam's Third Way
Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Many readers of Turkish Studies will find the title of this volume provocative. While Ataturk was a contemporary of Hitler, the two have dramatically contrasting legacies. Ataturk is upheld, in the
Ruling Russia: Authoritarianism from the Revolution to Putin, written by William Zimmerman
Opportunities and constraints: Comparing Tunisia and Egypt to the coloured revolutions
Nearly two years after removal of Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak, Tunisia and Egypt are still in transition: gains made by early 2013 remain tenuous, and whether democracy takes root remains to be seen. This article identifies variables affecting these states' prospects for democratic development by drawing lessons from the post-communist coloured revolutions of the early 2000s, when democratic forces had difficulty consolidating initi…
Regional Polarisation in Ukraine: Public Opinion, Voting and Legislative Behaviour
(2000). Regional Polarisation in Ukraine: Public Opinion, Voting and Legislative Behaviour. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 273-294
Political conditionality and European Union's cultivation of democracy in Turkey
This contribution assesses the effectiveness of the European Union's (EU's) efforts to promote democracy in Turkey through strategies of political conditionality (leverage) and via the cultivation of Turkish civil society (linkage). Testing various hypotheses about leverage and linkage, it finds that the EU's efforts, particularly those emphasizing conditionality, were far more effective from 2000 to 2005, prior to the beginning of accession talk…
The European Union and Grassroots Democratization in Turkey
Without question, the decision of the European Union to consider Turkey’s membership application has spurred Turkish political reform. Is this, however, entirely an externally driven process? Are Turks responding merely to the material incentives of conditionality, or are some Turkish actors advocating reforms for their own sake? This essay examines these questions by looking at the role of Turkish civil society and public opinion in the reform p…
Civil Society, Trade Unions and Post-Soviet Democratisation: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine
CIVIL SOCIETY IS A DOMINANT THEME in post-communist politics. It was a prominent discourse in much of the anti-communist dissident literature, and in the past decade scores of works have been produced celebrating civil society's role both in bringing down communist regimes and in serving as a foundation for a new democratic order.' This work is often based on the Tocquevillian principle that civil society-defined as a social sphere distinct from …
Organized Labor in Postcommunist States: Will the Western Sun Set on It, Too
Labor emerged as a potent political force as Communist regimes began to disintegrate. Its strength was most obvious in Poland, but throughout eastern Europe and the former USSR workers' organizations were part of the vanguard pushing for democracy, economic liberalization, and national sovereignty. Trade unions, both old and new, were significant components of a nascent civil society and appeared wellpoised to influence the shape of the postcommu…
Delegative democracy in Russia and Ukraine
This paper applies the concept of delegative democracy to contemporary developments in Russia and Ukraine. They qualify as examples of this phenomenon insofar as leaders in these states are elected by the people but use their democratic legitimacy to justify authoritarian behavior. Factors which contribute to this trend are a deep socio-economic crisis, existent political culture, and a lack of institutions to safeguard democratic norms. While re…
The Earthquake, Civil Society, and Political Change in Turkey: Assessment and Comparison with Eastern Europe
Civil society has been widely celebrated as instrumental in democratization, but in some countries it remains poorly developed. Such was the case in Turkey, but many hoped that the 1999 earthquakes would lead to an invigoration of civil society and subsequent political liberalization. Examining this claim shows that Turkish civil society has not been able to sustain the energy it enjoyed immediately after the earthquake because of factors within …
Opportunities and constraints: Comparing Tunisia and Egypt to the coloured revolutions
Nearly two years after removal of Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak, Tunisia and Egypt are still in transition: gains made by early 2013 remain tenuous, and whether democracy takes root remains to be seen. This article identifies variables affecting these states' prospects for democratic development by drawing lessons from the post-communist coloured revolutions of the early 2000s, when democratic forces had difficulty consolidating initi…
Problems of post-post-communism: Ukraine after the Orange Revolution
Although Ukrainian democracy has made some progress since the 2004 Orange Revolution, significant problems remain. This article compares the difficulties facing post-Orange Revolution Ukraine to those encountered in East Central Europe in the early 1990s and maintains that Ukraine will have a harder time overcoming its challenges because its starting point and inheritances are different. That is, Ukrainian democracy must overcome many of the infi…
Energy Politics and Geopolitical Competition in the Caspian Basin
This article explores geopolitical rivalry in the Caspian Basin, driven in large measure by the desire to control and exploit energy resources. It focuses in particular on actions by Russia, China, and the United States. While outside actors play an important role in the region, local states have demonstrated that they are not merely passive players. They have managed, in many cases, to use the ‘geopolitical pluralism’ of great power competition …
Nationalism and Legitimation for Authoritarianism: A Comparison of Nicholas I and Vladimir Putin
This article draws parallels between Tsar Nicholas I and current Russian President Vladimir Putin with respect to their use of nationalism to justify statist policies and political authoritarianism. Building upon insights by Alexander Gerschenkron about the economic development of “backwards” states, it argues that both Nicholas and Putin have rhetorically used Western concepts such as nationalism and democracy to legitimize their rule but have m…
The Limits of Electoral Democracy in Ukraine
In the past two years Ukraine has held new elections for both its parliament and president. Some might claim that these elections are evidence of democratic progress. However, elections are only a necessary, not sufficient component of democracy, and to make judgements about democratic consolidation solely on the basis of elections is to fall victim to the fallacy of 'electoralism'. While it is true that Ukraine does possess an electoral democrac…
Regionalism, nationalism and Realpolitik in central Asia
THEMES OF DISINTEGRATION AND INTEGRATION recently have assumed new prominence in world politics. These issues are epitomised in the emerging relationships within and among the states of the former Soviet Union. During 1990-92 the pendulum swung in the direction of the centrifugal forces of nationalism, contributing to the collapse of the Soviet empire. Despite the fact that these forces have not completely receded, there is recognition that compl…
Authoritarianism in Central Asia: Curse or cure
The former Soviet republics of Central Asia-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan-have largely resisted the movement toward democracy that has swept over other former communist states. Many factors can account for this: low levels of economic development, traditional culture, weak civil societies, the leading-role of the old nomenklatura in these new states, and ethnic cleavages. The larger question is what effect contin…
The European Union and democratization in Ukraine
The European Union (EU) has encouraged democratic development in a number of post-communist states. This article examines the extent of EU involvement in Ukraine and its results. It notes that there has been a substantial disconnect between the rhetoric of Ukraine’s ‘‘European Choice’’ and authoritarian trends in the country. Ukraine signed a series of agreements with the EU, but membership in the organization was never offered. The EU’s interest…
The Commonwealth of Independent States: An example of failed regionalism
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was designed to manage the collapse of the Soviet Union and foster post-Soviet cooperation in political, economic, and security spheres. Over a decade into its existence, most analysts would rate it a failure: many post-Soviet states do not participate in CIS ventures, the institutional machinery of the CIS is weak, and Russia, the most dominant post-Soviet state, has tended to favour bi-lateral relati…
Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition
Post-communist political studies: Ten Years Later, Twenty Years Behind
The collapse of communism has led to a number of different research agendas in post-communist political studies. These include political culture, “transitology,” nationalism, institutionalism, and political economy. This article critically reviews these approaches, comparing them to the more general lines of research in comparative politics. It asks what contribution each is making, and argues that a political economy perspective may be the most …
Media in new Turkey: The origins of an authoritarian neoliberal state
Many recent reports detailing the numerous problems and shortcomings of Turkish democracy prominently feature coverage of the deteriorating environment for free media. For example, since 2013, Free
Structural dynamics, pragmatism, and shared grievances: Explaining Russian-Turkish relations
In recent years, closer Turkish-Russian relations have captured the attention of both academics and policymakers, but also seem rather paradoxical as the two countries find themselves on opposite sides of conflicts in Syria, Libya, and the Caucuses. This paper evaluates how effective neo-realist (structural) and ideational (constructivist) theories of international relations are in explaining the Turkish-Russian relationship. Ultimately, this pap…
Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996
Journal Article Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996 Get access Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996 by George J. Borjas. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1999. 263 pp. $27.95. Paul Kubicek Paul Kubicek University of Wyoming Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Politi…
Russian Foreign Policy and the West
Journal Article Russian Foreign Policy and the West Get access Paul Kubicek Paul Kubicek PAUL KUBICEK is visiting assistant professor of political science at the University of Wyoming. He has written many articles on postcommunist politics and is author of Unbroken Ties: The State, Interest Associations, and Corporatism in Post-Soviet Ukraine (1999). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarte…
Dancing with the devil: Explaining the European Union’s engagement with Ukraine under Viktor Yanukovych
Viktor Yanukovych’s ouster from power in 2014 was widely celebrated in Europe as a step forward for democracy in Ukraine. What is now somewhat forgotten, however, is that the European Union (EU) was closely engaged with the Yanukovych regime, offering it a favorable Association Agreement even as the country regressed with respect to democracy. This article examines the EU’s policy toward Ukraine during Yanukovych’s presidency (2010–2014), highlig…
Are Central Asian Leaders Learning from Upheavals in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan has experienced two violent overthrows of its government in recent years. Some hoped or feared these events would inspire or spark political change elsewhere. This article examines what the relevant lessons of those events are and if other Central Asian leaders, especially those in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, have learned these lessons and made adjustments to preserve their rule. It argues that while many of the lessons from Kyrgyzstan …
What happened to the nationalists in Ukraine
Ukraine's declaration of independence, the long‐sought‐after goal of Ukrainian nationalists, has not led to nationalist ascendancy in post‐Soviet Ukraine. This article examines the weaknesses of nationalist parties and groups and tries to account for this outcome. In addition to strategic mistakes by élites and the structure of Ukrainian society, it suggests that the nationalist discourse is unable to respond to the demands of most people in Ukra…
Delegative democracy in Russia and Ukraine
This paper applies the concept of delegative democracy to contemporary developments in Russia and Ukraine. They qualify as examples of this phenomenon insofar as leaders in these states are elected by the people but use their democratic legitimacy to justify authoritarian behavior. Factors which contribute to this trend are a deep socio-economic crisis, existent political culture, and a lack of institutions to safeguard democratic norms. While re…
Variations on a corporatist theme: Interest associations in post‐soviet Ukraine and Russia
(1996). Variations on a corporatist theme: Interest associations in post‐soviet Ukraine and Russia. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 27-46
Post‐Soviet Ukraine: In search of a constituency for reform
During its first years of independence, Ukraine suffered economic and political stagnation and stubbornly avoided serious reform. As president since July 1994 Leonid Kuchma has pushed through some significant reforms, but the social support for such reforms remains uncertain. Opinion polls suggest that the public has mixed views on the matter, and key sectors, including labour unions, heads of state industries and agricultural organizations, stil…
Regionalism, nationalism and Realpolitik in central Asia
THEMES OF DISINTEGRATION AND INTEGRATION recently have assumed new prominence in world politics. These issues are epitomised in the emerging relationships within and among the states of the former Soviet Union. During 1990-92 the pendulum swung in the direction of the centrifugal forces of nationalism, contributing to the collapse of the Soviet empire. Despite the fact that these forces have not completely receded, there is recognition that compl…
Authoritarianism in Central Asia: Curse or cure
The former Soviet republics of Central Asia-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan-have largely resisted the movement toward democracy that has swept over other former communist states. Many factors can account for this: low levels of economic development, traditional culture, weak civil societies, the leading-role of the old nomenklatura in these new states, and ethnic cleavages. The larger question is what effect contin…
The 1999 Turkish elections
(1999). The 1999 Turkish elections. Mediterranean Politics: Vol. 4, Euro‐Mediterranean Free Trade Areas: Commercial Implecations, pp. 186-192
What happened to the nationalists in Ukraine
Ukraine's declaration of independence, the long‐sought‐after goal of Ukrainian nationalists, has not led to nationalist ascendancy in post‐Soviet Ukraine. This article examines the weaknesses of nationalist parties and groups and tries to account for this outcome. In addition to strategic mistakes by élites and the structure of Ukrainian society, it suggests that the nationalist discourse is unable to respond to the demands of most people in Ukra…
End of the Line for the Commonwealth of Independent States
Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States served as a political and economic life-preserver. Now, more confident, the member states can move about, explore new options, and not worry so much about sinking
Kubicek: Turkish‐European Relations Turkish‐European Relations: At a New Crossroads
Nationalism . Ernest Gellner Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress: The Rise and Decline of Nationalism, vol. 1 . Ernst Haas
Organized Labor in Postcommunist States: Will the Western Sun Set on It, Too
Labor emerged as a potent political force as Communist regimes began to disintegrate. Its strength was most obvious in Poland, but throughout eastern Europe and the former USSR workers' organizations were part of the vanguard pushing for democracy, economic liberalization, and national sovereignty. Trade unions, both old and new, were significant components of a nascent civil society and appeared wellpoised to influence the shape of the postcommu…
Russian Foreign Policy and the West
Journal Article Russian Foreign Policy and the West Get access Paul Kubicek Paul Kubicek PAUL KUBICEK is visiting assistant professor of political science at the University of Wyoming. He has written many articles on postcommunist politics and is author of Unbroken Ties: The State, Interest Associations, and Corporatism in Post-Soviet Ukraine (1999). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarte…
Regional Polarisation in Ukraine: Public Opinion, Voting and Legislative Behaviour
(2000). Regional Polarisation in Ukraine: Public Opinion, Voting and Legislative Behaviour. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 273-294
Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996
Journal Article Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996 Get access Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet-Russian Military Interventionism, 1973–1996 by George J. Borjas. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1999. 263 pp. $27.95. Paul Kubicek Paul Kubicek University of Wyoming Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Politi…
Comparing Post-Soviet Legislatures: A Theory of Institutional Design and Conflict
Post-communist political studies: Ten Years Later, Twenty Years Behind
The collapse of communism has led to a number of different research agendas in post-communist political studies. These include political culture, “transitology,” nationalism, institutionalism, and political economy. This article critically reviews these approaches, comparing them to the more general lines of research in comparative politics. It asks what contribution each is making, and argues that a political economy perspective may be the most …
Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition
The Post-Soviet States: Mapping the Politics of Transition . Graham Smith
The Limits of Electoral Democracy in Ukraine
In the past two years Ukraine has held new elections for both its parliament and president. Some might claim that these elections are evidence of democratic progress. However, elections are only a necessary, not sufficient component of democracy, and to make judgements about democratic consolidation solely on the basis of elections is to fall victim to the fallacy of 'electoralism'. While it is true that Ukraine does possess an electoral democrac…
The Earthquake, the European Union and Political Reform in Turkey
Two events in 1999 - the Marmara earthquake and the EU's acceptance of Turkey's candidacy for membership - offered hope for liberalization and democratization in Turkey. In the first case, the earthquake was viewed as a mobilizer for civil society, a force 'from below' that might engender political reform. In the second, the EU now had a stronger hand to push for change 'from outside', and certainly Turks had greater incentives than ever to under…
Civil Society, Trade Unions and Post-Soviet Democratisation: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine
CIVIL SOCIETY IS A DOMINANT THEME in post-communist politics. It was a prominent discourse in much of the anti-communist dissident literature, and in the past decade scores of works have been produced celebrating civil society's role both in bringing down communist regimes and in serving as a foundation for a new democratic order.' This work is often based on the Tocquevillian principle that civil society-defined as a social sphere distinct from …
The Earthquake, Civil Society, and Political Change in Turkey: Assessment and Comparison with Eastern Europe
Civil society has been widely celebrated as instrumental in democratization, but in some countries it remains poorly developed. Such was the case in Turkey, but many hoped that the 1999 earthquakes would lead to an invigoration of civil society and subsequent political liberalization. Examining this claim shows that Turkish civil society has not been able to sustain the energy it enjoyed immediately after the earthquake because of factors within …
U.S.-Ukrainian Relations: From Engagement to Estrangement
Increasing authoritarianism and decreasing strategic importance may leave Ukraine on the margins of international society
The European Union and Grassroots Democratization in Turkey
Without question, the decision of the European Union to consider Turkey’s membership application has spurred Turkish political reform. Is this, however, entirely an externally driven process? Are Turks responding merely to the material incentives of conditionality, or are some Turkish actors advocating reforms for their own sake? This essay examines these questions by looking at the role of Turkish civil society and public opinion in the reform p…
The European Union and democratization in Ukraine
The European Union (EU) has encouraged democratic development in a number of post-communist states. This article examines the extent of EU involvement in Ukraine and its results. It notes that there has been a substantial disconnect between the rhetoric of Ukraine’s ‘‘European Choice’’ and authoritarian trends in the country. Ukraine signed a series of agreements with the EU, but membership in the organization was never offered. The EU’s interest…
Political science (58 works) · Law (51 works) · Politics (49 works) · Law (45 works) · Political economy (35 works) · Sociology (33 works) · Economics (29 works) · Turkey's Politics and Society (25 works) · Democracy (22 works) · History (19 works)