Dennis P Culhane
Biographic Data
| ID | 254061 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dennis P Culhane |
| GIVEN NAMES | Dennis P |
| FAMILY NAME | Culhane |
| SIGNATURE | CULHANE D P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pennsylvania |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2332-5567 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 580 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 55 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence and Disparities Among U.S. Adults: The Roles Played by Job Loss, Food Insecurity, and Vaccinations During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Objectives The purposes of this study are to examine (i) to what extent job loss and food insecurity accounted for racial disparities in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) risk among adults in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; and (ii) to what extent the COVID-19 vaccination mitigated such risk, especially among older adults. Methods First, we analyzed data from the U.S. Household Pulse Survey to report on…
Understanding the dynamic process of human behavior changes towards disaster preparedness: An application of the integrated TTM with SCT and PMT
Addressing low-income household sheltering needs after a disaster: A needs assessment among Hurricane Harvey housing victims
Existing literature suggests many victims of housing loss due to disaster need emergency shelter, and low-income individuals are at risk of becoming chronically homeless without assistance in the transition to conventional housing. In response, FEMA provides Transitional Sheltering Assistance (TSA) to victims of housing loss. However, the extent to which sheltering needs are met by TSA has not been investigated, especially among low-income househ…
Leveraging integrated data for program evaluation: Recommendations from the field
Use of administrative data to inform decision making is now commonplace throughout the public sector, including program and policy evaluation. While reuse of these data can reduce costs, improve methodologies, and shorten timelines, challenges remain. This article informs evaluators about the growing field of Integrated Data Systems (IDS), and how to leverage cross-sector administrative data in evaluation work. This article is informed by three s…
At the Intersection of Homeless Encampments and Heroin Addiction: Service Use Barriers, Facilitators, and Recommendations from the City of Philadelphia’s Encampment Resolution Pilot
We provide an overview of the pilot and evaluation measures used for an independent evaluation of the Encampment Resolution Pilot (ERP) wherein the City of Philadelphia closed two homeless encampments in May 2018 and sought to assist those displaced by the closures with housing and treatment services. The evaluation used the Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation method to collect qualitative findings on service use barriers and facilitators …
Homelessness as a Moving Target
Contrary to popular perceptions of homelessness as a static, enduring condition, we emphasize its dynamic nature. The updated macro-micro framework that we develop capitalizes on the increasing availability of over-time data, which makes it easier to examine changes in homelessness and the factors responsible for them. Our framework integrates structural forces-such as income inequality, an affordable housing shortage, social exclusion, and inade…
The Homelessness Industry: A Critique of U.S. Social Policy
Maximizing the Use of Integrated Data Systems: Understanding the Challenges and Advancing Solutions
State and local governments are seeking to use their health, education, and human services administrative data to address major social problems. As they attempt to move forward to develop and use integrated data systems (IDS), they have encountered substantial challenges. The Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy (AISP) team at the University of Pennsylvania targeted four common sets of challenges to IDS use: IDS governance, legal agreements,…
Gender Differences in Factors Associated with Unsheltered Status and Increased Risk of Premature Mortality among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Patterns of Multisystem Service Use and School Dropout Among Seventh-, Eighth-, and Ninth-Grade Students
Youth who receive services from public mental health, child welfare and delinquency, and homeless systems are often exposed to a number of overlapping child, family, school, and community risk factors. Minimal research, however, has focused on the extent to which single- or multiple-system involvement influences school dropout. Relying on an integrated data set, the associations between single- and multiple-system utilization and risk for droppin…
Cost Offsets of Supportive Housing: Evidence for Social Work
Policy makers and advocates in industrialised economies have increasingly couched arguments for addressing homelessness in cost-offset paradigms. In the USA, there is a robust body of evidence demonstrating cost offsets of supportive housing, whereas rigorous evidence from the UK, Europe and Australia is limited. The present article contributes to the evidence base with results drawn from a linked administrative data-set including: police, prison…
Better must come: Exiting homelessness in two global cities , by Matthew D. Marr
Better must come: Exiting homelessness in two global cities, by Matthew D. Marr." Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(6), pp. 889–890
Developing a global framework for conceptualising and measuring homelessness
Homelessness has long been recognised as a global phenomenon, affecting poorer populations in both the developed and developing worlds. However, acute housing need has often struggled to achieve the same level of priority at an international level as the satisfaction of other basic needs, such as for food, water, healthcare and education. In this paper we present a broad-based Global Homelessness Framework as a means of providing a ‘frame of refe…
Actionable Intelligence: Using Integrated Data Systems to Achieve a More Effective, Efficient, and Ethical Government
Multifaceted social problems like disaster relief, homelessness, health care, and academic achievement gaps cannot be adequately addressed with isolated and disconnected public service agencies. The A
Childhood adversity, adult homelessness and the intergenerational transmission of risk: A population‐representative study of individuals in households with children
This study tested for associations between childhood adversity, adult homelessness and contexts of developmental risk in households with children. Data were drawn from the 2010 W ashington S tate B ehavioral R isk F actor S urveillance S ystem, representative of the population of W ashington S tate residents. Considering adults in households with children, those who experienced higher levels of childhood adversity were more likely to have experie…
Public assistance receipt among older youth exiting foster care
The Relationship between Community Investment in Permanent Supportive Housing and Chronic Homelessness
In recent years, permanent supportive housing (PSH) has emerged as the preferred intervention for addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. However, almost all prior studies examining the effectiveness of PSH have been conducted at the individual level, with only minimal attempts to empirically test the relationship between PSH and chronic homelessness at the community level. This study uses longitudinal data collected by the US Depar…
Rethinking Homelessness Prevention among Persons with Serious Mental Illness
During recent years, the need to consider effective and innovative ways to prevent and end homelessness among individuals with serious mental illness has been abetted by an increased and more sophisticated understanding of the composition of the homeless population, the emergence of evidence‐based practices to address homelessness, and the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This article summarizes the evolving understandin…
Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating the Efficacy of a Housing First Approach to Hud‐vash
Rapidly placing homeless Veterans with severe mental illness into permanent housing is one important goal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development‐Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD‐VASH) program; however, no research has tested whether an explicit organizational alignment of this goal with revised practices could improve outcomes. A demonstration project initiated in 2010 to reform housing placement practices in a metropolit…
Universal Screening for Homelessness and Risk for Homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration
We examined data for all veterans who completed the Veterans Health Administration’s national homelessness screening instrument between October 1, 2012, and January 10, 2013. Among veterans who were not engaged with the US Department of Veterans Affairs homeless system and presented for primary care services, the prevalence of recent housing instability or homelessness was 0.9% and homelessness risk was 1.2%. Future research will refine outreach …
Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History of Active Military Service, and Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health, and Physical Health
Objectives. We determined whether a report of adverse childhood experiences predicts adult outcomes related to homelessness, mental health, and physical health and whether participation in active military service influences the relationship between childhood and adult adversity. Methods. Using data from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we tested by means of logistic regression the relationship between adverse …
Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy and Practice, Now and Into the Future
AffiliationsDennis P. Culhane and Vince Kane are with the National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC. Dennis P. Culhane is also with School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Mark Johnston is with the Office of Community Planning and Development, US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC.
Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variation in Rates of Homelessness Among Families and Single Adults
Objectives. We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics. Methods. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Housing and Urban Development point-in-time counts for a single night in January 2009 into separate mixed-effects statistical analy…
Risk Factors for Becoming Homeless Among a Cohort of Veterans Who Served in the Era of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts
Objectives. In this population-based cohort study, we assessed baseline risk factors for homelessness, including the role of service in the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts, among a large cohort of recent veterans. Methods. Data for this study came from administrative records for 310 685 veterans who separated from active military duty from July 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006. We used survival analysis methods to determine incidence rates and risk f…
The Age Structure of Contemporary Homelessness: Evidence and Implications For Public Policy
Amidst concern about the implications of an aging U.S. population, recent evidence suggests that there is a unique aging trend among the homeless population. Building on this, we use data from New York City and from the last three decennial Census enumerations to assess how the age composition of the homeless population-both single adults and adults in families-has changed over time. Findings show diverging trends in aging patterns for single adu…
Applying Cluster Analysis to Test a Typology of Homelessness by Pattern of Shelter Utilization: Results from the Analysis of Administrative Data
This study tests a typology of homelessness using administrative data on public shelter use in New York City (1988–1995) and Philadelphia (1991–1995). Cluster analysis is used to produce three groups (transitionally, episodically, and chronically homeless) by number of shelter days and number of shelter episodes. Results show that the transitionally homeless, who constitute approximately 80% of shelter users in both cities, are younger, less like…
The Age Structure of Contemporary Homelessness: Evidence and Implications For Public Policy
Amidst concern about the implications of an aging U.S. population, recent evidence suggests that there is a unique aging trend among the homeless population. Building on this, we use data from New York City and from the last three decennial Census enumerations to assess how the age composition of the homeless population-both single adults and adults in families-has changed over time. Findings show diverging trends in aging patterns for single adu…
The Unique and Combined Effects of Homelessness and School Mobility on the Educational Outcomes of Young Children
This study examined the unique and combined associations of homelessness and school mobility with educational well-being indicators, as well as the mediating effect of absenteeism, for an entire cohort of third-grade students in Philadelphia. Using integrated archival administrative data from the public school district and the municipal Office of Supportive Housing, multilevel linear models were estimated to test these associations while adjustin…
Predictors of Exit and Reentry among Family Shelter Users in New York City
This study explores the process of exit from and reentry to public family shelters for homeless families in New York City. A Cox proportional-hazards model was developed to identify the effects of demographic, family structure, reason for homelessness, and time-related variables on the hazard rates for different types of shelter discharge and shelter reentry. The study specifically explores the significance of type of housing placement as a predi…
Prevalence of Child Welfare Services Involvement among Homeless and Low-Income Mothers: A Five-year Birth Cohort Study
This paper investigates the five-year prevalence of child welfare services involvement and foster care placement among a population-based cohort of births in a large US city, by housing status of the mothers (mothers who have been homeless at least once, other low-income neighborhood residents, and all others), and by number of children. Children of mothers with at least one homeless episode have the greatest rate of involvement with child welfar…
New Perspectives on Community-Level Determinants of Homelessness
Understanding the root causes of homelessness is important for developing effective solutions to the problem. This fact has not gone unnoticed by researchers, who have made numerous attempts to identify the underlying structural determinants of homelessness by modeling inter-community variation in the rate of homelessness as a function of community-level variables. Yet, prior studies in this area have a number of serious limitations, principally …
Developing a global framework for conceptualising and measuring homelessness
Homelessness has long been recognised as a global phenomenon, affecting poorer populations in both the developed and developing worlds. However, acute housing need has often struggled to achieve the same level of priority at an international level as the satisfaction of other basic needs, such as for food, water, healthcare and education. In this paper we present a broad-based Global Homelessness Framework as a means of providing a ‘frame of refe…
The Quandaries of Shelter Reform: An Appraisal of Efforts to "Manage" Homelessness
In this article, I describe efforts to mange the capacity of homeless shelter programs in Philadelphia and assess the impact of those efforts on providers and consumers of homeless services. Most reforms have focused on reducing the capacity of the shelter system by reducing the average length of stay of persons in shelter and by providing housing relocation assistance. However, these efforts have been compromised by an inability to control the d…
Homeless Shelter Use and Reincarceration Following Prison Release
Research Summary: This paper examines the incidence of and interrelationships between shelter use and reincarceration among a cohort of 48,424 persons who were released from New York State prisons to New York City in 1995–1998. Results show that, within two years of release, 11.4% of the study group entered a New York City homeless shelter and 32.8% of this group was again imprisoned. Using survival analysis methods, time since prison release and…
Childhood out-of-home placement and dynamics of public shelter utilization among young homeless adults
Predicting Housing Abandonment with the Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System
Several large US cities, including Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia, have developed information systems to distribute property-level housing data to community organizations and municipal agencies. These early warning systems are also intended to predict which properties are at greatest risk of abandonment, but they have rarely used statistical modeling to support such forecasts. This study used logistic regression to analyze data …
Family Dynamics, Housing, and Recurring Homelessness Among Women in New York City Homeless Shelters
This study looks at two sets of women who stayed in New York City homeless shelters in 1992-one set as part of a family and the other set as individuals-and at factors associated with an increased risk of their experiencing repeat shelter stays. Descriptive statistics and event history analysis indicate that regardless of whether the women stay in shelters with their families or by themselves, various family dynamics are associated with particula…
Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variation in Rates of Homelessness Among Families and Single Adults
Objectives. We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics. Methods. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Housing and Urban Development point-in-time counts for a single night in January 2009 into separate mixed-effects statistical analy…
Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault
Objectives. We investigated the possible relationship between being shot in an assault and possession of a gun at the time. Methods. We enrolled 677 case participants that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based control participants within Philadelphia, PA, from 2003 to 2006. We adjusted odds ratios for confounding variables. Results. After adjustment, individuals in possession of a gun were 4.46 (P Conclusions. On average, guns did …
Public Shelter Admission among Young Adults with Child Welfare Histories by Type of Service and Type of Exit
This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of New York City public shelter use among young adults with histories of out‐of‐home care or nonplacement preventive services as teenagers. The study finds that 19 percent of former child welfare service users entered public shelters within 10 years of exit from child welfare. Persons with out‐of‐home placement histories are twice as likely to enter public shelters (22 percent) as those wh…
The Relationship between Community Investment in Permanent Supportive Housing and Chronic Homelessness
In recent years, permanent supportive housing (PSH) has emerged as the preferred intervention for addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. However, almost all prior studies examining the effectiveness of PSH have been conducted at the individual level, with only minimal attempts to empirically test the relationship between PSH and chronic homelessness at the community level. This study uses longitudinal data collected by the US Depar…
Universal Screening for Homelessness and Risk for Homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration
We examined data for all veterans who completed the Veterans Health Administration’s national homelessness screening instrument between October 1, 2012, and January 10, 2013. Among veterans who were not engaged with the US Department of Veterans Affairs homeless system and presented for primary care services, the prevalence of recent housing instability or homelessness was 0.9% and homelessness risk was 1.2%. Future research will refine outreach …
The co-occurrence of Aids and homelessness: Results from the integration of administrative databases for Aids surveillance and public shelter utilisation in Philadelphia
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Administrative databases from the City of Philadelphia that track public shelter utilisation (n=44 337) and AIDS case reporting (n=7749) were merged to identify rates and risk factors for co-occurring homelessness and AIDS. DESIGN: Multiple decrement life tables analyses were conducted, and logistic regression analyses used to identify risk factors associated with AIDS among the homeless, and homelessness among people with AIDS. …
One-year rates of public shelter utilization by race/ethnicity, age, sex and poverty status for New York City (1990 and 1995) and Philadelphia (1995)
Cost Offsets of Supportive Housing: Evidence for Social Work
Policy makers and advocates in industrialised economies have increasingly couched arguments for addressing homelessness in cost-offset paradigms. In the USA, there is a robust body of evidence demonstrating cost offsets of supportive housing, whereas rigorous evidence from the UK, Europe and Australia is limited. The present article contributes to the evidence base with results drawn from a linked administrative data-set including: police, prison…
Risk Factors for Becoming Homeless Among a Cohort of Veterans Who Served in the Era of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts
Objectives. In this population-based cohort study, we assessed baseline risk factors for homelessness, including the role of service in the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts, among a large cohort of recent veterans. Methods. Data for this study came from administrative records for 310 685 veterans who separated from active military duty from July 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006. We used survival analysis methods to determine incidence rates and risk f…
Homelessness as a Moving Target
Contrary to popular perceptions of homelessness as a static, enduring condition, we emphasize its dynamic nature. The updated macro-micro framework that we develop capitalizes on the increasing availability of over-time data, which makes it easier to examine changes in homelessness and the factors responsible for them. Our framework integrates structural forces-such as income inequality, an affordable housing shortage, social exclusion, and inade…
Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating the Efficacy of a Housing First Approach to Hud‐vash
Rapidly placing homeless Veterans with severe mental illness into permanent housing is one important goal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development‐Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD‐VASH) program; however, no research has tested whether an explicit organizational alignment of this goal with revised practices could improve outcomes. A demonstration project initiated in 2010 to reform housing placement practices in a metropolit…
The Impact of Shelter Use and Housing Placement on Mortality Hazard for Unaccompanied Adults and Adults in Family Households Entering New York City Shelters: 1990–2002
Prevalence of Episodic Homelessness Among Adult Childbearing Women in Philadelphia, Pa
Pregnancy and the responsibilities of caring for children create additional barriers for low-income women and families seeking adequate and affordable housing, yet few studies have assessed the relative risk or prevalence of homelessness among pregnant or parenting women in the United States.1 The economic, social, and psychological dislocations associated with housing instability and homelessness may have particularly serious negative consequenc…
The Quandaries of Shelter Reform: An Appraisal of Efforts to "Manage" Homelessness
In this article, I describe efforts to mange the capacity of homeless shelter programs in Philadelphia and assess the impact of those efforts on providers and consumers of homeless services. Most reforms have focused on reducing the capacity of the shelter system by reducing the average length of stay of persons in shelter and by providing housing relocation assistance. However, these efforts have been compromised by an inability to control the d…
Over the Edge: The Growth of Homelessness in the 1980s . Martha R. Burt
The status of community mental health centers ten years into Block Grant financing
Public shelter admission rates in Philadelphia and New York City: The implications of turnover for sheltered population counts
Previous estimates of the size and composition of the U.S. homeless population have been based on cross‐sectional survey methodologies. National enumeration efforts have yielded point‐prevalence estimates ranging from 0.11 to 0.25 percent of the population. This study reports data from shelter databases in Philadelphia and New York City that record identifiers for all persons admitted and so make possible unduplicated counts of users. Unduplicate…
Predictors of Exit and Reentry among Family Shelter Users in New York City
This study explores the process of exit from and reentry to public family shelters for homeless families in New York City. A Cox proportional-hazards model was developed to identify the effects of demographic, family structure, reason for homelessness, and time-related variables on the hazard rates for different types of shelter discharge and shelter reentry. The study specifically explores the significance of type of housing placement as a predi…
Patterns and determinants of public shelter utilization among homeless adults in New York City and Philadelphia
Administrative data on public shelter utilization among homeless adults from New York City (1987–1994) and Philadelphia (1991–1994) are analyzed to identify the relative proportion of shelter users by length of stay and rate of readmission, and to identify the characteristics that predict an exit from shelter. Survival analyses reveal that half of adult shelter users will stay fewer than 45 days over a two-year period (combined stays), and that a…
Applying Cluster Analysis to Test a Typology of Homelessness by Pattern of Shelter Utilization: Results from the Analysis of Administrative Data
This study tests a typology of homelessness using administrative data on public shelter use in New York City (1988–1995) and Philadelphia (1991–1995). Cluster analysis is used to produce three groups (transitionally, episodically, and chronically homeless) by number of shelter days and number of shelter episodes. Results show that the transitionally homeless, who constitute approximately 80% of shelter users in both cities, are younger, less like…
Prevalence of treated behavioral disorders among adult shelter users: A longitudinal study
Of 27,638 homeless adults admitted to Philadelphia public shelters in the years 1990 through 1992, 20.1% received treatment for a mental health disorder, and 25.3% for a substance use disorder in the years 1985 through 1993. An additional 20.7% were identified as having untreated substance use problems. Overall, a total of 65.5% of adult shelter users were identified as ever having had a mental health or substance use problem, treated or untreate…
One-year rates of public shelter utilization by race/ethnicity, age, sex and poverty status for New York City (1990 and 1995) and Philadelphia (1995)
Family Dynamics, Housing, and Recurring Homelessness Among Women in New York City Homeless Shelters
This study looks at two sets of women who stayed in New York City homeless shelters in 1992-one set as part of a family and the other set as individuals-and at factors associated with an increased risk of their experiencing repeat shelter stays. Descriptive statistics and event history analysis indicate that regardless of whether the women stay in shelters with their families or by themselves, various family dynamics are associated with particula…
The co-occurrence of Aids and homelessness: Results from the integration of administrative databases for Aids surveillance and public shelter utilisation in Philadelphia
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Administrative databases from the City of Philadelphia that track public shelter utilisation (n=44 337) and AIDS case reporting (n=7749) were merged to identify rates and risk factors for co-occurring homelessness and AIDS. DESIGN: Multiple decrement life tables analyses were conducted, and logistic regression analyses used to identify risk factors associated with AIDS among the homeless, and homelessness among people with AIDS. …
Role of Social Disadvantage in Crime, Joblessness, and Homelessness Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness
Research on mental illness in relation to social problems such as crime, unemployment, and homelessness often ignores the broader social context in which mental illness is embedded. Policy, research, and practice will be improved if greater attention is given to social context. The authors critically analyze the approach used in much of the psychiatric services literature to infer links between mental illness and social problems. They compare the…
Public service reductions associated with placement of homeless persons with severe mental illness in supportive housing
This article assesses the impact of public investment in supportive housing for homeless persons with severe mental disabilities. Data on 4,679 people placed in such housing in New York City between 1989 and 1997 were merged with data on the utilization of public shelters, public and private hospitals, and correctional facilities. A series of matched controls who were homeless but not placed in housing were similarly tracked. Regression results r…
Predicting Housing Abandonment with the Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System
Several large US cities, including Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia, have developed information systems to distribute property-level housing data to community organizations and municipal agencies. These early warning systems are also intended to predict which properties are at greatest risk of abandonment, but they have rarely used statistical modeling to support such forecasts. This study used logistic regression to analyze data …
Prevalence of Child Welfare Services Involvement among Homeless and Low-Income Mothers: A Five-year Birth Cohort Study
This paper investigates the five-year prevalence of child welfare services involvement and foster care placement among a population-based cohort of births in a large US city, by housing status of the mothers (mothers who have been homeless at least once, other low-income neighborhood residents, and all others), and by number of children. Children of mothers with at least one homeless episode have the greatest rate of involvement with child welfar…
Prevalence of Episodic Homelessness Among Adult Childbearing Women in Philadelphia, Pa
Pregnancy and the responsibilities of caring for children create additional barriers for low-income women and families seeking adequate and affordable housing, yet few studies have assessed the relative risk or prevalence of homelessness among pregnant or parenting women in the United States.1 The economic, social, and psychological dislocations associated with housing instability and homelessness may have particularly serious negative consequenc…
Homeless Shelter Use and Reincarceration Following Prison Release
Research Summary: This paper examines the incidence of and interrelationships between shelter use and reincarceration among a cohort of 48,424 persons who were released from New York State prisons to New York City in 1995–1998. Results show that, within two years of release, 11.4% of the study group entered a New York City homeless shelter and 32.8% of this group was again imprisoned. Using survival analysis methods, time since prison release and…
Public Shelter Admission among Young Adults with Child Welfare Histories by Type of Service and Type of Exit
This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of New York City public shelter use among young adults with histories of out‐of‐home care or nonplacement preventive services as teenagers. The study finds that 19 percent of former child welfare service users entered public shelters within 10 years of exit from child welfare. Persons with out‐of‐home placement histories are twice as likely to enter public shelters (22 percent) as those wh…
Childhood out-of-home placement and dynamics of public shelter utilization among young homeless adults
Testing a typology of family homelessness based on patterns of public shelter utilization in four U.S. jurisdictions: Implications for policy and program planning
This study tests a typology of family homelessness based on patterns of public shelter utilization and examines whether family characteristics are associated with those patterns. The results indicate that a substantial majority of homeless families stay in public shelters for relatively brief periods, exit, and do not return. Approximately 20 percent stay for long periods. A small but noteworthy proportion cycles in and out of shelters repeatedly…
Employing community data to investigate social and structural dimensions of urban neighborhoods: An early childhood education example
The present study sought to define neighborhood context by examining relationships among data from city‐level administrative databases at the level of the census block group. The present neighborhood investigation included 1,801 block groups comprising a large, northeastern metropolitan area. Common factor analyses and multistage, hierarchical cluster analyses yielded two dimensions (i.e., Social Stress, Structural Danger) and two typologies (i.e…
Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault
Objectives. We investigated the possible relationship between being shot in an assault and possession of a gun at the time. Methods. We enrolled 677 case participants that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based control participants within Philadelphia, PA, from 2003 to 2006. We adjusted odds ratios for confounding variables. Results. After adjustment, individuals in possession of a gun were 4.46 (P Conclusions. On average, guns did …
Tackling homelessness in Los Angeles' Skid Row: The role of policing strategies and the spatial deconcentration of homelessness
Institutional discharges and subsequent shelter use among unaccompanied adults in New York City
This study empirically examines the link between homelessness and discharges from other institutions. An administrative record match was undertaken to determine rates of discharge from institutional care for 9,247 unaccompanied adult shelter users in New York City. Cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis was then used to assess associations between different types of institutional discharges and the likelihood of persons sub…
Branas Et Al. Respond
We are grateful for Wintemute's comment and the opportunity to address the areas of our research about which he was unclear. We designed and executed a case–control study that was different than the study suggested by Wintemute, but that does not mean it was erroneous.1 Our study did indeed control for both time and place and included an appropriate, population-based control group that improved on the shortcomings of prior, related case–control w…
Homelessness and Social Issues (47 works) · Medicine (36 works) · Psychology (31 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Political science (27 works) · Demography (20 works) · Economics (20 works) · Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations (20 works) · Gerontology (20 works) · Psychiatry (19 works)