Tim Newburn
Biographic Data
| ID | 254187 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tim Newburn |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tim |
| FAMILY NAME | Newburn |
| SIGNATURE | NEWBURN T |
| AFFILIATIONS | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9237-1703 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 60 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 333 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 57 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales: Volume IV: The Politics of Law and Order
This book is Volume IV in the Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales. Previous volumes have focused on the moral reforms of the 1960s, the changes to the criminal courts and the introduction of an independent prosecution service, and the broad shifts in penal policy that have taken place in the post-war era. This volume examines the changing politics of law and order, charting the gradual shift toward greater political conflict…
The inevitable fallibility of policing
The title of this paper is taken from the final sentence of the book How People Judge Policing (Waddington et al. [2017]. How People Judge Policing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.) which, though it had four authors, was really the brainchild of the late Tank Waddington. The paper picks up the book’s final observation and seeks to develop it, examining the problematic core of policing, and using this as a basis for thinking more generally about …
Policing, punishment and comparative penality
Apparently growing punitiveness in many countries toward the end of the twentieth century prompted considerable criminological activity which focused on attempting to understand trends and contrasts in systems and patterns of punishment. Although to date this literature has tended to treat policing and punishment as being largely separate spheres of activity this paper advances two reasons for paying greater attention to policing in this context.…
The Causes and Consequences of Urban Riot and Unrest
This review explores those varied bodies of work that have sought to understand crowd behavior and violent crowd conduct in particular. Although the study of such collective conduct was once considered central to social science, this has long ceased to be the case and in many respects the study of protest and riot now receives relatively little attention, especially within criminology. In addition to offering a critical overview of work in this f…
When Crime Policies Travel: Cross-National Policy Transfer in Crime Control
Cross-national policy movement in crime control has only recently become the focus of scholarly attention. Research findings suggest, despite appearances to the contrary, that fully fledged policy transfers are rare. In practice, soft transfer (in terms of symbolic dimensions of policy) appears more prevalent than harder manifestations (e.g., the travel of institutions, instruments, and practices). Soft transfers are usually associated with penal…
Researching cross-national policy mobilities in crime control
The empirical study of ‘policy transfer’ and related topics remains a relatively rare enterprise in criminology. Comparative studies of crime control policy tend to focus on broader structural explanations on the one hand, or more specific socio-cultural analyses on the other. By contrast, scholars from other disciplinary traditions – including political science, public administration, comparative social policy and human geography – have develope…
Understanding Transnational Policy Flows in Security and Justice
This article examines the contribution of scholarly work on ‘policy transfer’ and related concepts to our knowledge of how far, and in what ways, particular policy ‘models’ of security and justice travel across national boundaries, and what might explain this phenomenon. The article begins by summarizing the key findings of extant empirical studies of cross‐national policy movement in the fields of crime, security, and justice. It then considers …
Criminology: A Very Short Introduction
Criminology: A Very Short Introduction considers how to measure crime, how crime trends can be studied, and how those trends can be used to inform preventative policy and criminal justice. Analysing the history of the subject, it reflects on our understanding of and responses to crime in earlier historical periods. Considering trends in crime in the developed world, causes, and the relationship between drugs and crime are explored, analysing what…
Framing the 2011 England Riots: Understanding the Political and Policy Response
This article considers the political reaction and policy response to the 2011 England riots. Drawing on the framework of John Kingdon's (1995) multiple streams approach (MSA) the analysis in this article starts with the ‘policy window’ caused by the focusing event of the riots, and traces the ways in which this was used to frame different kinds of policy ‘problem’, rather than the more typical method of using the MSA to help explain the emergence…
Policy mobilities and comparative penality
The study of ‘policy transfer’ has been subject to sustained criticism, in particular by critical policy studies scholars. This critique—together with the rather marginal role that policy transfer research has played in criminological debates to date—raises questions about the continued utility of such research in scholarly discussions of crime control and penal policy-making. However, we argue here that such studies can enhance our understanding…
The best three days of my life’: Pleasure, power and alienation in the 2011 riots
This article examines one of the less frequently considered elements of riots: the emotions to which they give rise. Based on testimony from interviews with people who took part in the 2011 England riots, it explores the curiosity which drew many onto the streets, the excitement and fear involved in such quickly unfolding and unpredictable events, the impunity that many felt being part of such large crowds, together with the sense of ‘empowerment…
Revisiting the classics: Robert Reiner, The Politics of the Police
As a field of social science research, policing has been fortunate to have a number of influential academic researchers and a rich history of significant writing. This is something to be celebrated. Our Revisiting the Classics series aims to bring together leading commentators to review books that contribute to the core of police studies. There will always be debate about which books are seminal and which authors have had the greatest influence o…
The biggest gang’? Police and people in the 2011 England riots
Conflict with the police is a staple of civil disorder and the English riots of 2011 were no exception. The antagonism towards the police expressed by the rioters varied in intensity – from a low-level anger stemming from occasional negative experiences on the one hand to outright, visceral hostility on the other – but was visible everywhere riots took place. Leading politicians dismissed this hostility as nothing more than the typical wariness c…
Reflections on why riots don’t happen
In contrast to much of the literature in this field, rather than focusing on the nature and aetiology of riots, in this article I investigate why riots do not happen. During times of widespread disorder there are some locations that do not fall prey to rioting themselves despite apparently sharing many of the features of the places where significant disorder is found. Why? Focusing on the 2011 England riots—though the arguments developed here hav…
The 2011 England Riots in Recent Historical Perspective
The riots of 2011 arguably represent the most significant civil disorder on mainland Britain in at least a generation. Over four days there were five deaths, injuries to dozens of police officers and civilians, and damage to property running into the tens of millions of pounds. Commentators writing in the aftermath of the riots have pointed both to what are taken to be unusual aspects of the 2011 disorders – the role of gangs, the nature and exte…
Shopping for Free? Looting, Consumerism and the 2011 Riots: Fig. 1
A number of commentators have suggested that the riots in England in August 2011 were distinctive because of the character and extent of the looting that took place. In doing so, they have argued that the nature of modern consumer capitalism should be placed front and centre of any explanation of the disorder. While concurring with elements of such arguments, we depart from such analyses in three ways. First, we argue that it is important not to …
Youth Offending and Restorative Justice
This book provides an empirically grounded, theoretically informed account of recent changes to the youth justice system in England and Wales, focusing on the introduction of elements of restorative justice into the heart of the criminal justice system, and the implementation of referral orders and youth offender panels. Taken together, this amounts to the most radical overhaul of the youth justice system in the last half century, fundamentally c…
Just Boys Doing Business: Men, Masculinities and Crime
For men, status competition through physical force, dominationhumiliation of the less powerful, and knowing no shame have substantial cultural support. Few societies today contain a majoritarian masculinity that sets its face against violence. In general, women's and men's social movements have failed to nurture credible competing non-violent identities for heterosexual men.2 When such identities are imagined or promoted, they are confined to men…
Policy convergence, politics and comparative penal reform: Sex offender notification schemes in the USA and UK
An important theme in recent comparative penology has concerned the apparent convergence of penal policy between ‘neo-liberal’ Anglophone jurisdictions exemplified by the adoption of a punitive and politicized approach to crime and punishment. At the same time, important divergences from this pattern have been noted in other national contexts, not least in a number of Western European countries. This article returns to these debates in light of t…
Dissension in public evaluations of the police
The way in which police officers deal with the public has a profound and predominantly negative influence on how the police generally are viewed by the public. Tyler's theory of ‘procedural justice’ argues that if officers act with fairness and respect when interacting with the public, they can win legitimacy. This theory is however one sided; the process of interaction involves not only how the police behave, but also how members of the public p…
Criminal Justice and Political Cultures
Policing, Surveillance and Social Control
This book reports the result of research carried out in a busy London police station on the role and impact of closed-circuit television (CCTV) in the management and surveillance of suspects - the most thorough example of the use of CCTV by the police in the world. It focuses on the use of CCTV in a very different environment to that in which its impact has previously been studied, and draws upon the analysis of CCTV footage, suspects' background…
Counterblast: Young People and the August 2011 Riots
Police and Crime Commissioners: The Americanization of policing or a very British reform
Policing youth anti‐social behaviour and crime: Time for reform
Purpose This paper aims to examine the policing of youth anti‐social behaviour and crime. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the Independent Commission report, Time for a Fresh Start and argues that its analysis would be enhanced by a fuller consideration of the role of the police as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. As such this represents something of a missed opportunity. Findings The paper contends that, like many other…
Atlantic crossings: ‘Policy transfer’ and crime control in the USA and Britain
It is increasingly recognized that factors beyond the nation state are influencing and shaping domestic crime control policies. Much discussion takes place under the general rubric of ‘globalization’. This article looks at the more specific issue of ‘policy transfer’: the way in which ideas, ideologies, practices and policies are transported from one jurisdiction to another. More particularly, the focus here is upon the recent influence of the Un…
Learning from Uncle Sam? Exploring U.S. Influences on British Crime Control Policy
This paper examines the idea of “policy transfer” in the arena of crime control. More specifically, it examines the influence of the United States on recent criminal justice and penal policy developments in Britain. Three policy areas are discussed: privatized corrections, “zero‐tolerance” policing, and “three‐strikes” sentencing. Changes in these areas are widely perceived as being strongly influenced by developments in the U.S., although there …
Definitely, maybe not? The Normalisation of Recreational Drug use amongst Young People
Increasing numbers of social scientists, policy makers and other social commentators suggest that drug use has become a relatively common form of behaviour among young people who accept it as a 'normal' part of their lives. Although there is quite strong empirical evidence that the proportion of young people using drugs at some point in their lives is growing, there is little evidence to support the contention that it is so widely accepted as to …
Tough on Crime”: Penal Policy in England and Wales
Over the past quarter century crime and penal policy have come to occupy a central place in political and public debate. Declining faith in rehabilitative interventions has been accompanied by an increasingly harsh form of penal populism that emphasizes the general deterrent and incapacitation effects of imprisonment and has disparaged welfare‐oriented approaches as being "soft on crime." One consequence is a significant increase in the use of im…
Symbolizing crime control: Reflections on Zero Tolerance
The term Zero Tolerance has become a familiar feature of the crime control landscape. In recent times it has been deployed regularly by politicians, police managers, policy-makers and the media. Though it has been used in connection with a number of different policy initiatives, Zero Tolerance is most closely associated with policing and, in particular, with a set of policing strategies adopted by the New York Police Department in the 1990s. This…
Policy mobilities and comparative penality
The study of ‘policy transfer’ has been subject to sustained criticism, in particular by critical policy studies scholars. This critique—together with the rather marginal role that policy transfer research has played in criminological debates to date—raises questions about the continued utility of such research in scholarly discussions of crime control and penal policy-making. However, we argue here that such studies can enhance our understanding…
The Commodification of Policing: Security Networks in the Late Modern City
Symbolic politics and penal populism: The long shadow of Willie Horton
There is increasing evidence that, in general terms, much transnational lesson-drawing in criminal justice has been at the symbolic rather than the substantive level. Much of what has been ‘transferred’ has been terminology or rhetoric rather than the technologies and techniques of crime control. That is not to imply that these transfers have been inconsequential, for ‘political rhetoric and official representations of crime and criminals have a …
Policing and the Idea of Democracy
This paper has four major objectives. First, through reference to the considerable body of writing on democratic theory, to attempt to clarify what is meant by ‘democracy’. Secondly, to explore the difficulties in applying such concepts to the police service, and to examine how writers of different perspectives have approached this task in the past. Thirdly, to distil a set of ‘democratic criteria’ which might be applied to the police service, an…
Dissension in public evaluations of the police
The way in which police officers deal with the public has a profound and predominantly negative influence on how the police generally are viewed by the public. Tyler's theory of ‘procedural justice’ argues that if officers act with fairness and respect when interacting with the public, they can win legitimacy. This theory is however one sided; the process of interaction involves not only how the police behave, but also how members of the public p…
The biggest gang’? Police and people in the 2011 England riots
Conflict with the police is a staple of civil disorder and the English riots of 2011 were no exception. The antagonism towards the police expressed by the rioters varied in intensity – from a low-level anger stemming from occasional negative experiences on the one hand to outright, visceral hostility on the other – but was visible everywhere riots took place. Leading politicians dismissed this hostility as nothing more than the typical wariness c…
Three Strikes and You’re Out
Criminologists have become increasingly interested in the extent to which, and ways in which, criminal justice and penal policy ideas and innovations travel across national boundaries. A particular focus has been the apparent convergence of some aspects of crime control policy in the United States and the United Kingdom associated with policies such as ‘zero tolerance’ policing, youth curfews, the ‘war on drugs’, increased use of incarceration an…
The 2011 England Riots in Recent Historical Perspective
The riots of 2011 arguably represent the most significant civil disorder on mainland Britain in at least a generation. Over four days there were five deaths, injuries to dozens of police officers and civilians, and damage to property running into the tens of millions of pounds. Commentators writing in the aftermath of the riots have pointed both to what are taken to be unusual aspects of the 2011 disorders – the role of gangs, the nature and exte…
Policy convergence, politics and comparative penal reform: Sex offender notification schemes in the USA and UK
An important theme in recent comparative penology has concerned the apparent convergence of penal policy between ‘neo-liberal’ Anglophone jurisdictions exemplified by the adoption of a punitive and politicized approach to crime and punishment. At the same time, important divergences from this pattern have been noted in other national contexts, not least in a number of Western European countries. This article returns to these debates in light of t…
How big is the private security sector
A particularly striking feature of research into the private security sector in the UK is the lack of reliable data about the actual size and shape of the industry. This has been noted by a number of authors with a close interest in the private security sector. South (1988: 23) stated that ‘the only consistent and reliable statement that is continually made about the size and the scope of the private security industry today is that it is hard to …
Reflections on why riots don’t happen
In contrast to much of the literature in this field, rather than focusing on the nature and aetiology of riots, in this article I investigate why riots do not happen. During times of widespread disorder there are some locations that do not fall prey to rioting themselves despite apparently sharing many of the features of the places where significant disorder is found. Why? Focusing on the 2011 England riots—though the arguments developed here hav…
Shopping for Free? Looting, Consumerism and the 2011 Riots: Fig. 1
A number of commentators have suggested that the riots in England in August 2011 were distinctive because of the character and extent of the looting that took place. In doing so, they have argued that the nature of modern consumer capitalism should be placed front and centre of any explanation of the disorder. While concurring with elements of such arguments, we depart from such analyses in three ways. First, we argue that it is important not to …
The inevitable fallibility of policing
The title of this paper is taken from the final sentence of the book How People Judge Policing (Waddington et al. [2017]. How People Judge Policing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.) which, though it had four authors, was really the brainchild of the late Tank Waddington. The paper picks up the book’s final observation and seeks to develop it, examining the problematic core of policing, and using this as a basis for thinking more generally about …
When Crime Policies Travel: Cross-National Policy Transfer in Crime Control
Cross-national policy movement in crime control has only recently become the focus of scholarly attention. Research findings suggest, despite appearances to the contrary, that fully fledged policy transfers are rare. In practice, soft transfer (in terms of symbolic dimensions of policy) appears more prevalent than harder manifestations (e.g., the travel of institutions, instruments, and practices). Soft transfers are usually associated with penal…
Police and Crime Commissioners: The Americanization of policing or a very British reform
The best three days of my life’: Pleasure, power and alienation in the 2011 riots
This article examines one of the less frequently considered elements of riots: the emotions to which they give rise. Based on testimony from interviews with people who took part in the 2011 England riots, it explores the curiosity which drew many onto the streets, the excitement and fear involved in such quickly unfolding and unpredictable events, the impunity that many felt being part of such large crowds, together with the sense of ‘empowerment…
Diffusion, differentiation and resistance in comparative penality
Youth offending and restorative justice: Implementing reform in youth justice
Introduction 1. The origins and development of youth justice 2. Restorative justice: practices and ideals 3. Implementing restorative justice initiatives 4. Referral orders and youth offender panels 5. Organising the delivery of referral orders 6. Referral orders and the courts 7. Youth offender panels 8. Contracts and their implementation 9. Community panel members 10. Young people and their families 11. Victims and Referral Orders 12. Implement…
Le managérialisme et la nature des réformes policières en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles: Understanding police reform in England and Wales
Si l'architecture de la police britannique demeure fondée sur des forces provinciales locales, le degré de centralisation de la structure policière en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles a été tel au cours des dernières années que l'on a parlé d'une force de police de facto nationale. Une partie importante de ce processus a été incarnée par les réformes managériales initiées par le gouvernement central. Néanmoins, on peut déceler des tendances contra…
Urban Homelessness, Crime and Victimisation in England
A survey of homeless people carried out in the centres of three English cities in 2004 revealed unusually high levels of victimisation and offending, an engrained mistrust of the police and other formal institutions, and an ensuing recourse to informal justice which exacerbated insecurity and raised levels of crime and victimisation yet further
Footing the bill after disaster
Persistent young offenders and persistent old myths
Men in the Public Eye: The Construction and Deconstruction of Public Men and Public Patriarchies
How big is the private security sector
A particularly striking feature of research into the private security sector in the UK is the lack of reliable data about the actual size and shape of the industry. This has been noted by a number of authors with a close interest in the private security sector. South (1988: 23) stated that ‘the only consistent and reliable statement that is continually made about the size and the scope of the private security industry today is that it is hard to …
The politics of sentencing reform and the 1991 criminal justice act
(1995). The politics of sentencing reform and the 1991 criminal justice act. Policy Studies: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 26-36
Local government and policing: Arresting the decline of local influence
Policing and the Idea of Democracy
This paper has four major objectives. First, through reference to the considerable body of writing on democratic theory, to attempt to clarify what is meant by ‘democracy’. Secondly, to explore the difficulties in applying such concepts to the police service, and to examine how writers of different perspectives have approached this task in the past. Thirdly, to distil a set of ‘democratic criteria’ which might be applied to the police service, an…
A Drop in the Ocean? The Discharge Grant and the Immediate Needs of Prisoners on Release from Custody
Many prisoners leaving custody are homeless, jobless and poor. They are given a discharge grant by the Home Office to meet their immediate needs on release. For many, it is their only source of income until they find a job or, more commonly, receive their first benefit cheque. This paper reviews the immediate needs of prisoners on release from custody and then examines how far the discharge grant is adequate in meeting these needs. In‐depth inter…
Definitely, maybe not? The Normalisation of Recreational Drug use amongst Young People
Increasing numbers of social scientists, policy makers and other social commentators suggest that drug use has become a relatively common form of behaviour among young people who accept it as a 'normal' part of their lives. Although there is quite strong empirical evidence that the proportion of young people using drugs at some point in their lives is growing, there is little evidence to support the contention that it is so widely accepted as to …
Tackling youth grime and reforming youth justice: The origins and nature of ‘new labour’ policy
In opposition the Labour Party flagged youth justice as the likely core of their criminal justice efforts should they be elected to government. The first 15 months of the Labour Government were a frenzy of activity in this area culminating in the passage of the UK Crime and Disorder Act. The Act represents the most radical overhaul of youth justice since the Second World War. This paper considers New Labour youth justice policy and examines its o…
Drug prevention and youth justice: Issues of philosophy, practice and policy
Journal Article Drug prevention and youth justice: issues of philosophy, practice and policy Get access T Newburn T Newburn Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 39, Issue 4, September 1999, Pages 609–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/39.4.609 Published: 01 September 1999
What do we mean by evaluation
The popularity of evaluation research has increased markedly in recent years. Although initially associated with experimental and quasi‐experimental methods, current practices and methods have become much more diverse. This paper provides a brief overview of the recent history of evaluation research – its meanings and purposes – and asks whether the current emphasis on ‘evidence‐based policy’ heralds a brighter future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley…
What do we mean by evaluation
The popularity of evaluation research has increased markedly in recent years. Although initially associated with experimental and quasi-experimental methods, current practices and methods have become much more diverse. This paper provides a brief overview of the recent history of evaluation research – its meanings and purposes – and asks whether the current emphasis on ‘evidence-based policy’ heralds a brighter future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley…
What do we mean by evaluation
The Commodification of Policing: Security Networks in the Late Modern City
Introduction: How does crime policy travel
Atlantic crossings: ‘Policy transfer’ and crime control in the USA and Britain
It is increasingly recognized that factors beyond the nation state are influencing and shaping domestic crime control policies. Much discussion takes place under the general rubric of ‘globalization’. This article looks at the more specific issue of ‘policy transfer’: the way in which ideas, ideologies, practices and policies are transported from one jurisdiction to another. More particularly, the focus here is upon the recent influence of the Un…
Learning from Uncle Sam? Exploring U.S. Influences on British Crime Control Policy
This paper examines the idea of “policy transfer” in the arena of crime control. More specifically, it examines the influence of the United States on recent criminal justice and penal policy developments in Britain. Three policy areas are discussed: privatized corrections, “zero‐tolerance” policing, and “three‐strikes” sentencing. Changes in these areas are widely perceived as being strongly influenced by developments in the U.S., although there …
Youth offending and restorative justice: Implementing reform in youth justice
Introduction 1. The origins and development of youth justice 2. Restorative justice: practices and ideals 3. Implementing restorative justice initiatives 4. Referral orders and youth offender panels 5. Organising the delivery of referral orders 6. Referral orders and the courts 7. Youth offender panels 8. Contracts and their implementation 9. Community panel members 10. Young people and their families 11. Victims and Referral Orders 12. Implement…
Race, Crime and Injustice: Strip Search and the Treatment of Suspects in Custody
Journal Article Race, Crime and Injustice? Strip Search and the Treatment of Suspects in Custody Get access Tim Newburn, Tim Newburn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Shiner, Michael Shiner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stephanie Hayman Stephanie Hayman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminolog…
Symbolic politics and penal populism: The long shadow of Willie Horton
There is increasing evidence that, in general terms, much transnational lesson-drawing in criminal justice has been at the symbolic rather than the substantive level. Much of what has been ‘transferred’ has been terminology or rhetoric rather than the technologies and techniques of crime control. That is not to imply that these transfers have been inconsequential, for ‘political rhetoric and official representations of crime and criminals have a …
Plural Policing: A Comparative Perspective
Description Policing is changing rapidly and radically. An increasingly complex array of public, private and municipal bodies - as well as public police forces - are engaged in the provision of regulation and security. Consequently, it is difficult to think of security provision primarily in terms of what the public police do, and so the terminology of 'fragmented' or 'plural' policing systems has become well-established within criminology and po…
Urban Homelessness, Crime and Victimisation in England
A survey of homeless people carried out in the centres of three English cities in 2004 revealed unusually high levels of victimisation and offending, an engrained mistrust of the police and other formal institutions, and an ensuing recourse to informal justice which exacerbated insecurity and raised levels of crime and victimisation yet further
Three Strikes and You’re Out
Criminologists have become increasingly interested in the extent to which, and ways in which, criminal justice and penal policy ideas and innovations travel across national boundaries. A particular focus has been the apparent convergence of some aspects of crime control policy in the United States and the United Kingdom associated with policies such as ‘zero tolerance’ policing, youth curfews, the ‘war on drugs’, increased use of incarceration an…
Symbolizing crime control: Reflections on Zero Tolerance
The term Zero Tolerance has become a familiar feature of the crime control landscape. In recent times it has been deployed regularly by politicians, police managers, policy-makers and the media. Though it has been used in connection with a number of different policy initiatives, Zero Tolerance is most closely associated with policing and, in particular, with a set of policing strategies adopted by the New York Police Department in the 1990s. This…
Political science (52 works) · Sociology (52 works) · Law (42 works) · Criminology (40 works) · Politics (27 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (25 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (24 works) · Law (23 works) · Criminal justice (18 works) · Economics (17 works)