Carol S Camlin
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 254351 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Carol S Camlin |
| NOMBRES | Carol S |
| APELLIDO | Camlin |
| FIRMA | CAMLIN C S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5615-1164 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Knowledge and preferences for safer conception methods among sero-different fisherfolk couples in Kisumu, Kenya
Family contributions and challenges to HIV care support among youth in rural Kenya and Uganda during the SEARCH-Youth study
Influence of alcohol-serving venue characteristics on yield of HIV status-neutral screening in rural East Africa
Alcohol-serving venues are high-risk sites for HIV transmission in East Africa. Understanding how venue characteristics influence HIV screening outcomes may help to target venue-based outreach. In eight rural communities in Kenya and Uganda, we mapped all alcohol-serving venues (N = 530) and invited owners to participate in a cluster-randomized trial to promote biomedical HIV prevention uptake: 527 (99%) owners agreed to participate. We distribut…
Systematic dissemination of study findings from local to national stakeholders
Disseminating research findings to potential beneficiaries such as study participants, community members, and stakeholders is a critical component of participatory research. While there is general agreement that dissemination is critical, documented examples of comprehensive dissemination activities are few in the literature. We present a concrete example of a multi-level stakeholder dissemination process from a successful HIV self-testing and li…
HIVST in the presence of a partner among fishermen in Western Kenya
BACKGROUND: HIV self-testing (HIVST) enables individuals to test privately and can serve as an important tool to mitigate stigma and fear of HIV testing and unintended disclosure, especially among men, who have lower voluntary testing rates than women. AIM: Within an intervention study involving distribution of HIVST kits by fishermen to their peers [NCT04772469], we explore the experiences and the motivations of men who chose to self-test for HI…
“ He accepted me the way I am … most people can’t ”
Objective: Safer conception strategies to reduce HIV transmission to sero-different partners are underused. Studies suggest this may be due to HIV-related stigma. We conducted a qualitative study to examine how forms of HIV stigma may impact reproductive decisions and seeking safer conception services.Methods: In-depth interviews (IDIs) with 16 sero-different couples residing in Kisumu County, Kenya, explored HIV-related stigma surrounding pregna…
Motivations for testing and linkage to HIV services following HIV self-testing among fishermen in Kenya
HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising strategy to expand testing access for hard-to-reach populations such as Kenyan fishermen. We examined motivations and barriers to HIVST use and linkage to HIV prevention and treatment services (including PrEP or ART), within a social network-based intervention (NCT04772469). We conducted interviews (N = 64) and focus group discussions (N = 4) with fishermen in Siaya County, including 30 “promoters” who dist…
Hazardous alcohol use is associated with sexual behaviors that increase risk for HIV acquisition among fishermen in a high HIV prevalence area of Kenya
Links between hazardous alcohol use and HIV acquisition are well documented, with less known about this relationship among fishermen, a priority group for HIV prevention. We examined associations between hazardous alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among fishermen in Kenya using 2022 data from 733 fishermen in three Lake Victoria communities. Measures included the AUDIT-C and sexual relationship histories. Logistic regression models assessed a…
Association between Levels of Alcohol Use, Perceived HIV Risk, and Untreated HIV Among Persons at Alcohol-Serving Venues in Kenya and Uganda
Alcohol-serving venues in East Africa are high-risk environments for HIV transmission but few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have examined perceived HIV risk and sexual risk behaviors by alcohol use levels on a broader population of persons at alcohol-serving venues in the era of biomedical HIV prevention. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults (≥ 18 years) at alcohol-serving venues in eight communities (~ 10,000 residents/communi…
Youths' strategies for HIV status disclosure in rural Kenya and Uganda
Background: HIV status disclosure is influenced by social values, roles, and rules people take on and adapt, aligned with developmental transitions and cultural expectations. Understanding motivations for disclosure among adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYAH) is important for promoting HIV care engagement. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in 28 rural communities in Kenya and Uganda tested an intervention to improve viral supp…
A qualitative study of abortion decision-making trajectories among pregnant women at their first antenatal care visit in Kampala, Uganda
Background: In Uganda, only about half of women who want to avoid pregnancy are using modern contraceptives, leading to high numbers of unintended pregnancies and elevated maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to learn more about women's abortion decision-making before continuing to carry a pregnancy. Methods: We utilised a qualitative study design and interviewed 31 purposively selected single and partnered pregn…
Misconceptions and limited experience with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among fishermen in Western Kenya
Daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken consistently, but its uptake remains low among mobile fishermen in Kenya. This study explored barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake in three Lake Victoria beach communities. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 65 fishermen, purposively sampled by community, age and study arm. IDIs and FGDs examined PrEP knowledge, percept…
Comparing PrEP adherence via objective and self-reported measures among fishermen working on Lake Victoria, Kenya
Fishermen working along Lake Victoria experience high rates of HIV acquisition that can be mitigated by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which requires adequate adherence for effective prevention. We evaluated PrEP adherence among Kenyan fishermen using objective metrics and examine non-adherence. Data are from the Owete study (NCT04772469), a cluster randomized-controlled trial using a social network approach among fishermen to increase HIV test…
High mortality among fishermen along the beaches of lake Victoria
The causes of death were varied, underscoring the need for a multi-disease approach to address the health risks in high-risk occupations like fishing. Since HIV is one of several significant health threats to fishermen, efforts to end HIV must also address other life-threatening conditions
Experiences and perceptions of conditional cash incentive provision and cessation among people with HIV for care engagement
CCTs do not appear to exert their effects through motivation, but instead act through creating opportunities for better care engagement. This study helps us better understand the durability of financial incentives for HIV care engagement and support the idea that careful consideration be exercised when implementing incentives for sustainable engagement effects
There is no need to leave the beach to test”
While few fishermen had ever used HIVST, this study found high awareness, positive perceptions, and substantial willingness to use and distribute HIVST to other men. The "promoter" model, with known peers engaged in disseminating HIVST information and test kits, shows promise for engaging men in testing
Metrics of Mobility by Sex are Associated with HIV Incidence in Rural Kenya and Uganda
The complex and dynamic nature of human mobility requires use of multiple measures and sex-stratified analyses to fully understand its influence on HIV acquisition risk in specific populations and settings. Longitudinal population-based studies designed to measure the influence of mobility (which includes both short and long-term, temporary and permanent changes of residence across defined geopolitical boundaries) on HIV acquisition risk are rare…
Gaps in Effective HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Screening and Uptake Among Fishermen in Kenya
Despite oral daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness, uptake remains a challenge. Awareness of one's HIV status and engagement in prevention is essential to interrupting transmission among populations at high risk of HIV. We explored gaps in HIV risk perception, screening, and PrEP uptake among high HIV-risk fishermen living and working along Lake Victoria, Kenya. Data are from the Owete study (NCT04772469), which evaluated the im…
The Role of Health Networks in Disseminating Knowledge about Infant HIV Testing in Rural Uganda
Early testing of infants exposed to HIV can significantly decrease mortality for those linked to HIV treatment. Infants exposed to HIV should first be tested at 6 weeks of age, but only 60% are tested as recommended. Little research has focused on the role of social networks in disseminating information about infant HIV testing. We conducted a cross-sectional, sociocentric network study of all adults living in a rural parish in Uganda (N=1,383) a…
The Lived Experiences of Unhealthy Alcohol Use among Young People with HIV in Southwestern Uganda
Unhealthy alcohol use among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAH), is common and poses risks to their health and social wellbeing. However, research that explores comorbid unhealthy drinking and HIV among AYAH is limited in Uganda. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 AYAH who self-reported current alcohol use, recruited from the adolescent immunosuppression (ISS) clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in S…
Participant perspectives on incentives for TB preventative therapy adherence and reduced alcohol use
Economic incentives to promote health behavior change are highly efficacious for substance use disorders as well as increased medication adherence. Knowledge about participants’ experiences with and perceptions of incentives is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and optimize future incentive-based interventions. The Drinkers’ Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis (DIPT) trial enrolled people with HIV (PWH) in Uganda with latent tuberc…
Exploring HIV risk perception mechanisms among youth in a test-and-treat trial in Kenya and Uganda
Understanding risk perception and risk-taking among youth can inform targeted prevention efforts. Using a health beliefs model-informed framework, we analysed 8 semi-structured, gender-specific focus group discussions with 93 youth 15–24 years old (48% male, 52% female), drawn from the SEARCH trial in rural Kenya and Uganda in 2017–2018, coinciding with the widespread introduction of PrEP. Highly connected social networks and widespread uptake of…
Five lessons from a mid-level health manager intervention to increase uptake of tuberculosis prevention therapy in Uganda
BACKGROUND: Leadership skills are essential for middle-level healthcare manager efficacy. Capacity-building efforts may attempt behavioural change by filling 'knowledge gaps' while neglecting a sustainable application of that knowledge. Sustainable application of that knowledge, or implementation know-how, must resonate with local cultural patterns. When it is neglected, root issues like unclear decision-making space and local authority to interp…
Peripartum mobility and maternal/child separation among women living with HIV in South Africa
This prospective cohort study investigated the mobility patterns of 200 pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa. Participants were enrolled during their third trimester from routine antenatal care near Cape Town, South Africa, and followed for six months postpartum. Quantitative data were collected at enrollment and follow-up. Mobility (self-reported) was common among the participants, despite the brief study period and the …
Training Social Network-Central Fishermen in Western Kenya to Distribute HIV Self-Test Kits and Health Facility Referral Vouchers
Low HIV testing among men, particularly highly mobile fishermen, is a persistent challenge. The Owete study (NCT#04772469) used social network-central men (Promoters) to promote testing and linkage to HIV services among social networks of fishermen in western Kenya. The Promoters and fishermen networks were randomised to intervention or control arms. We describe Owete's interactive training approach and Promoters' training experiences for impleme…
Gendered Patterns of Migration in Rural South Africa
Gender is increasingly recognized as fundamental to understanding migration processes, causes and consequences. In South Africa, it is intrinsic to the social transformations fueling high levels of internal migration and complex forms of mobility. While female migration in Africa has often been characterized as less prevalent than male migration, and primarily related to marriage, in South Africa a feminization of internal migration is underway, …
Transactional Fish-for-Sex Relationships Amid Declining Fish Access in Kenya
She mixes her business
The Measure of Induced Abortion Levels in Mexico Using Random Response Technique
The authors used the random response technique (RRT) to measure frequency of induced abortion in Mexico, where its practice is illegal under most circumstances. They applied RRT to a national, multistage probabilistic sample of 1,792 women ages 15 to 55. The distribution of women who reported having had an induced abortion was analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to ident…
The Effects of Stress on Job Functioning of Military Men and Women
This study examined the relationships between domains of stress (work-related, familyrelated, finances-related, health-related), coping style, substance use, and symptoms of depression with level of job functioning among women and men in the U.S. armed forces. Multivariate cumulative logistic regression analyses were conducted with data from the 1995 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel. Results showed…
Gendered dimensions of population mobility associated with HIV across three epidemics in rural Eastern Africa
Mobility in sub-Saharan Africa links geographically-separate HIV epidemics, intensifies transmission by enabling higher-risk sexual behavior, and disrupts care. This population-based observational cohort study measured complex dimensions of mobility in rural Uganda and Kenya. Survey data were collected every 6 months beginning in 2016 from a random sample of 2308 adults in 12 communities across three regions, stratified by intervention arm, basel…
Remote and Equitable Inductive Analysis for Global Health Teams
Qualitative methods encompass a variety of research and analysis techniques which have the common aim of uncovering what cannot be captured numerically through the quantification of data. For qualitative analytical methods in the interpretivist tradition (e.g. grounded theory, phenomenological, thematic, etc), inductive coding has become a mainstay but has not always lent itself to collaborative, remote team-based data interpretation among qualit…
The Effects of Stress on Job Functioning of Military Men and Women
This study examined the relationships between domains of stress (work-related, familyrelated, finances-related, health-related), coping style, substance use, and symptoms of depression with level of job functioning among women and men in the U.S. armed forces. Multivariate cumulative logistic regression analyses were conducted with data from the 1995 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel. Results showed…
The Measure of Induced Abortion Levels in Mexico Using Random Response Technique
The authors used the random response technique (RRT) to measure frequency of induced abortion in Mexico, where its practice is illegal under most circumstances. They applied RRT to a national, multistage probabilistic sample of 1,792 women ages 15 to 55. The distribution of women who reported having had an induced abortion was analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to ident…
Gendered Patterns of Migration in Rural South Africa
Gender is increasingly recognized as fundamental to understanding migration processes, causes and consequences. In South Africa, it is intrinsic to the social transformations fueling high levels of internal migration and complex forms of mobility. While female migration in Africa has often been characterized as less prevalent than male migration, and primarily related to marriage, in South Africa a feminization of internal migration is underway, …
She mixes her business
Intimate partner violence and forced migration during pregnancy
Little is known about migration during pregnancy related to intimate partner violence (IPV). In this paper, we examine issues of agency in relation to pregnant women's migrations in a high HIV prevalence area of Kenya. We qualitatively explored forced migration among pregnant women, using data from in-depth interviews, focus groups and IPV screening forms. To quantitatively examine migration during pregnancy, we analysed data from a prospective s…
Transactional Fish-for-Sex Relationships Amid Declining Fish Access in Kenya
“How can I tell?” Consequences of HIV status disclosure among couples in eastern African communities in the context of an ongoing HIV “test-and-treat” trial
People living with HIV/AIDS anticipate HIV-related stigma and fear disclosure to intimate partners. Yet, disclosure is critical to reducing HIV transmission and improving care engagement. This qualitative study characterized HIV disclosure experiences and normative beliefs among couples in communities participating in an HIV test-and-treat trial in Kenya and Uganda (Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health, NCT#01864603). In-depth int…
Exploring critical questions for the implementation of “universal test and treat” approaches to HIV prevention and care
More than three decades into the HIV epidemic in Africa, new biomedical technologies have brought the real possibility of ending the epidemic into view (The Lancet HIV, 2015; UNAIDS, 2015). Drawing
Men “missing” from population-based HIV testing
Men's uptake of HIV testing is critical to the success of "test and treat" strategies in generalized epidemics. This study sought to identify cultural factors and community processes that influence men's HIV testing uptake in the baseline year of an ongoing test-and-treat trial among 334,479 persons in eastern Africa (SEARCH, NCT#01864603). Data were collected using participant observation at mobile community health campaigns (CHCs) (n = 28); foc…
Expectations about future health and longevity in Kenyan and Ugandan communities receiving a universal test-and-treat intervention in the SEARCH trial
Expectations about future health and longevity are important determinants of individuals' decisions to invest in physical and human capital. Few population-level studies have measured subjective expectations and examined how they are affected by scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed these expectations in communities receiving annual HIV testing and universal ART. Longitudinal data on expectations were collected at baseline and one…
Leveraging incentives to increase HIV testing uptake among men
Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 08/10/2016, ID: NCT02890459. The first participant was enrolled on 11th April 2016
Gendered dimensions of population mobility associated with HIV across three epidemics in rural Eastern Africa
Mobility in sub-Saharan Africa links geographically-separate HIV epidemics, intensifies transmission by enabling higher-risk sexual behavior, and disrupts care. This population-based observational cohort study measured complex dimensions of mobility in rural Uganda and Kenya. Survey data were collected every 6 months beginning in 2016 from a random sample of 2308 adults in 12 communities across three regions, stratified by intervention arm, basel…
Understanding Demand for PrEP and Early Experiences of PrEP Use Among Young Adults in Rural Kenya and Uganda
HIV retesting and risk behaviors among high-risk, HIV-uninfected adults in Uganda
There are limited data characterizing HIV retesting among high-risk adults in sub-Saharan Africa. From October-December 2018, we distributed recruitment cards offering health evaluations with HIV testing at venues frequented by individuals at-risk of HIV infection in Southwest Uganda. Those who attended were asked about their HIV testing history and risk factors: having >1 sexual partner, an HIV+ partner, STIs, and/or transactional sex. We define…
Cultural Adaptation of an Intervention to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV in Southwestern Uganda
Attitudes towards and experiences with economic incentives for engagement in HIV care and treatment
Growing literature has shown heterogenous effects of conditional cash incentives (CCIs) on HIV care retention. The field lacks insights into reasons why incentives impact various patients in different ways–differences that may be due to variations in psychological and social mechanisms of effect. A deeper understanding of patients’ perceptions and experiences of CCIs for retention may help to clarify these mechanisms. We conducted a qualitative s…
A qualitative study of the acceptability of remote electronic bednet use monitoring in Uganda
Objective monitoring of bednet use with SmartNet appears acceptable to these households in Uganda. Use of SmartNet seems to be similar to behaviors around use of standard LLINs. Viewpoints on many aspects of SmartNet were generally favorable. Concerns around ethicality of bednet monitoring are present and indicate the need for continuing community education. The device will continue to be optimized to make it more acceptable to users and to accur…
Mobility is Associated with Higher-risk Sexual Partnerships Among Both Men and Women in Co-resident Couples in Rural Kenya and Uganda
Population mobility is associated with higher-risk sexual behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa and is a key driver of the HIV epidemic. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to estimate associations between recent mobility (overnight travel away from home in past six months) or migration (changes of residence over defined geopolitical boundaries) and higher-risk sexual behavior among co-resident couples (240 couples aged ≥ 16) from 12 rural communi…
Understanding Patients’ Experiences with a Brief Alcohol Reduction Intervention among People Living with HIV in Uganda
Background: Brief alcohol reduction interventions for people living with HIV (PLWH) have resulted in mixed findings with some studies showing null or limited treatment effects. To better understand factors that may contribute to their success or failure, this qualitative study sought to explore participants’ experiences in a randomized trial (RCT) of a brief counseling-based alcohol reduction intervention, including challenges that may have imped…
Geographical, social, and political contexts of tuberculosis control and intervention, as reported by mid-level health managers in Uganda
Culturally adapting a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention to support the mental health of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
The dual burden of living with HIV and negotiating life stage changes has been identified as a contributing factor to lapsed adherence among adolescents with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. While psychosocial support can promote medication adherence, most interventions in use with adolescents were originally developed for the general population creating a gap in appropriate support. Life-stage-appropriate, evidence-based psychosocial support intervent…
Sex specific differences in HIV status disclosure and care engagement among people living with HIV in rural communities in Kenya and Uganda
Non-disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status can hinder optimal health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We sought to explore experiences with and correlates of disclosure among PLHIV participating in a study of population mobility. Survey data were collected from 1081 PLHIV from 2015–16 in 12 communities in Kenya and Uganda participating in a test-and-treat trial (SEARCH, NCT#01864603). Pooled and sex-stratified multipl…
Acceptability of an adapted mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention to support adolescents with HIV
While the adaptation of evidence-based psychosocial support tailors the intervention components to the targeted context, minimizing the associated costs of developing new interventions for low-income contexts, the acceptability of such adapted interventions is important for augmenting successful implementation and sustainability. Given that psychosocial support to persons living with HIV is mostly rendered by healthcare providers, their acceptanc…
Do precipitation anomalies influence short-term mobility in sub-saharan Africa? An observational study from 23 countries
Precipitation anomalies were associated with short-term mobility among women, which may be in turn associated with poor health outcomes. More research with longitudinal data is needed to elaborate the associations between weather shocks, mobility, and downstream health impacts
The Relationship between Age at Initiation of Regular Drinking of Alcohol and Viral Suppression Status, and Depression Symptoms Among People Living with HIV in South-Western Uganda
Alcohol use is an important factor in achieving and maintaining viral suppression and optimal mental health among persons with HIV (PWH), however, the effect of age at first regular drinking on viral suppression and depression remains poorly understood. Here, using secondary data from the Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis (ADEPT-T) study, we used logistic regression analyses to explore whether there is an associati…
Medicine (41 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (38 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (29 obras) · Environmental health (25 obras) · Qualitative research (22 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Population (20 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Public health (19 obras) · Family medicine (16 obras)