Marc Baer
Biographic Data
| ID | 255843 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marc Baer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marc |
| FAMILY NAME | Baer |
| SIGNATURE | BAER M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Irvine |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 49 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Foreign in Two Homelands: Racism, Return Migration, and Turkish–German History , by Michelle Lynn Kahn
Foreign in Two Homelands: Racism, Return Migration, and Turkish–German History, by Michelle Lynn Kahn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024; pp. 380. £100; other formats from £29.99).
Being Muslim in Modern Yugoslavia
A new book traces the history of the diverse Muslim population of the Balkans. Carving out legal space for itself as a religious minority in Europe, this community rode the winds of change from the age of the Ottoman and Habsburg empires through the Yugoslav era
Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide
Protestant Islam in Weimar Germany: Hugo Marcus and “The Message of the Holy Prophet Muhammad to Europe
The article explores the Islam envisioned in the extensive writings of one of the most prominent German converts to Islam in Weimar Germany, the Jewish poet, philosopher, and political activist Hugo Marcus (1880–1966). Marcus's understanding of Islam is a surprisingly Eurocentric and even Germanic one. It is not only the religion of the German past, Marcus claims, but also, given its faith in the intellect and in progress, the religion of the fut…
Stefan Ihrig. Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Historians have long been fascinated by Hitler. But what fascinated Hitler? Who were the role models for the German right and far right during the Weimar and Nazi eras? In this thrilling and convincing study, based mainly on the German right-wing print media, Stefan Ihrig argues that the Turks and their leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, played a role in the development of Nazi “policy development, myths, goals, and the overall ideology of the Third …
Muslim Encounters with Nazism and the Holocaust: The Ahmadi of Berlin and Jewish Convert to Islam Hugo Marcus
Letter to NPT
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
An Enemy Old and New: The Dönme, Anti-Semitism, and Conspiracy Theories in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic
The main focal point in Ottoman and Turkish antisemitism is the figure of the Dönme-the descendants of Jews who converted to Islam along with their messiah Shabbatai Tzevi. The focus on the Dönme arises from the perception of the Salonikan-based Young Turks as a cabal of Dönme, or secret Jews. It was immediately in the wake of the 1908 constitutional revolution-which culminated in the dethronement of Abdülhamid II, and ultimately led to the const…
Turk and Jew in Berlin: The First Turkish Migration to Germany and the Shoah
In this paper I critically examine the conflation of Turk with Muslim, explore the Turkish experience of Nazism, and examine Turkey's relation to the darkest era of German history. Whereas many assume that Turks in Germany cannot share in the Jewish past, and that for them the genocide of the Jews is merely a borrowed memory, I show how intertwined the history of Turkey and Germany, Turkish and German anti-Semitism, and Turks and Jews are. Bringi…
The Rise and Fall of Radical Westminster, 1780–1890
The Rise and Fall of Radical Westminster, 1780-1890 explores a critical chapter in the story of Britain's transition to democracy. Utilising the remarkably rich documentation generated by Westminster
Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire * By Tijana KRSTIc
Just as the ‘Mediterranean turn’ has radically changed the field of early modern English history, so too has Ottoman history of late undergone its own ‘European turn’. Contested Conversions attempts to partake in this trend by depicting the Ottoman Empire as sharing in sixteenth-century European religious transformations, namely confessional polarization and the articulation of orthodoxy. Krstić’s main claim is that it is not coincidental that th…
Tolerance and Conversion in the Ottoman Empire: A Conversation
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Converting the Jewish Prophet and Jewish Physicians
This chapter first explores how the attempt of the sultan, his preacher, and the grand vizier to stamp out what they considered heterodox, illegitimate practices among Muslims; to root out heresy and dampen religious ecstasy; and to destroy places where rapturous religious practices were performed which coincided with the outbreak of Shabbatai Tzevi's preaching, aiming to reform Jewish life and convert Jews to the rabbi's understanding of God's p…
Mehmed IV’s Life and Legacy, from Ghazi to Hunter
This chapter examines Mehmed IV's life and legacy. His hunting habit overshadowed his numerous conversions. Dire straits for commoners, lawlessness in the capital, and military failure turned commoners, the military, and factions in the administration against Mehmed IV. The sultan's constant hunting earned the wrath of the religious class and united commoner and elite alike in opposition. All anyone could see was that Mehmed IV was in the environ…
Inauspicious Enthronement
This chapter explores Mehmed IV's turbulent accession to the sultanate at the age of seven following the dethronement (and subsequent execution) of his father, Ibrahim. Nearly a week after Ibrahim was dethroned and put under house arrest, and his son Prince Mehmed became Sultan Mehmed IV, the royal family boarded a skiff at the imperial boathouse down the hill from Topkapı Palace and took a short journey up the Golden Horn to make a pilgrimage to…
Conversion and Conquest: Ghaza in Central and Eastern Europe
This chapter begins with a discussion of Mehmed IV's path of jihad in the early 1670s when he journeyed to the heart of Europe to conquer a citadel which is referred to today as “the Turkish fortress”. It then discusses Mehmed IV' second campaign to ensure the Treaty of Buczacz that guaranteed Polish tribute, death of Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Mehmed IV's campaign against the Russian Empire, and conquest and conversion in Central Europe.
Conversion to Piety: Mehmed IV and Preacher Vani Mehmed Efendi
This chapter explores several of the major themes of the book, including why people attempt to bring others of the same religion to their understanding of that religion (the motivation of Vani Mehmed Efendi), the link between piety and proselytization, and the significance of the advocate or mediator of conversion. It focuses on the changed religious scene in the 1660s following the fire and Islamization in Istanbul and the appointment of Fazıl A…
Conclusion: Islamic Rulers and the Process of Conversion
This chapter discusses Islamic rulers and the process of conversion. It argues that the conversion of self, conversion of others of the same religion, conversion of others of different religions and their sacred spaces within society, and the waging of ghaza in part to convert others and their religious geography abroad were all linked during Mehmed IV's epoch. Most notable about the ideology of Mehmed IV's court was its marked religious piety: t…
Postscript: Silences and Traces of the Past
This postscript argues that Mehmed IV's reign has been overshadowed by subsequent historical events and silenced by two centuries of historical interpretation. It also contends that one of the most long-lasting consequences of Mehmed IV's era may have been the creation of communities of descendants of 17th-century Christian and Jewish converts to Islam that either maintained religious beliefs and engaged in practices that combined elements of the…
Conversion and Conquest: Ghazi Mehmed IV and Candia
This chapter analyzes how Ottoman historians writing after a mature Mehmed IV moved to Edirne, depicting him as a model, active sultan. In their accounts he is a pious, strong, manly, warrior (ghazi) sultan, who reclaimed power taken by royal women and, with his preacher at his side, converted many people and many places throughout the Ottoman Europe. The perspective of contemporary chronicle writers allows a revision of how scholars have depicte…
Islamizing Istanbul
This chapter examines how conversion affects religious geography and sacred space. It discusses the great fire of the summer of 1660 and the meaning given to it by contemporary writers, Hatice Turhan's converting of Jewish places in the wake of the fire, the construction and dedication of the Valide Sultan Mosque in the heart of the former main Jewish neighborhood, Fazıl Ahmed Pasha's Islamization of Christian places, and how Muslim commoners fol…
A Decade of Crisis
This chapter analyzes the decade of economic, military, and political crisis, which led to perceptions of a cultural crisis whose resolution was sought in conversion to a purified Islam as advocated by pietist preachers. Many scholars writing about conversion agree that conversion is often preceded by crisis, either at a societal or personal level. Because context is crucial, a context of crisis sets the stage for religious change to occur. When …
Hunting for Converts
Like other early modern monarchs, hunting was the favorite pastime of Mehmed IV, but rather than being merely a frivolous activity, as modern historians have claimed, the sultan's contemporary chroniclers argued that hunting demonstrated his bravery and courage, hence manliness, and trained him for warfare. Reading archival records together with the chronicles shows that hunting allowed Mehmed IV close contact with thousands of his subjects, and …
The Failed Final Jihad
This chapter analyzes the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683 within the framework of several of the book's interrelated themes: the links between conversion and conquest and between piety and proselytization, the centrality of the mediator in conversion, how conversion affects religious geography and sacred space; and the role war, violence, and changing power relations play in conversion. As is well known, the siege did not go as planned and the Ot…
Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong
This chapter examines why people attempt to bring others of the same religion to their understanding of that religion (the motivation of the Kadızadelis), the link between piety and proselytization, and the central role played by those who mediate conversion. It charts the rise to prominence of the Kadızadelis religious movement in the 1650s, explaining the movement's origins in the 1620s and 1630s with Kadızade Mehmed Efendi, who propagated the …
Islamic Conversion Narratives of Women: Social Change and Gendered Religious Hierarchy in Early Modern Ottoman Istanbul
The Great Fire of 1660 and the Islamization of Christian and Jewish Space in Istanbul
On 24 July 1660, a great conflagration broke out in Istanbul. An Ottoman writer conveys the horror of the event: “[t]housands of homes and households burned with fire. And in accordance with God's eternal will, God changed the distinguishing marks of night and day by making the very dark night luminous with flames bearing sparks, and darkening the light-filled day with black smoke and soot.” The fire began in a store that sold straw products outs…
The Double Bind of Race and Religion: The Conversion of the Dönme to Turkish Secular Nationalism
For over two centuries the Dönme lived an open secret in Ottoman Salonika following their conversion from Judaism to Islam in the wake of the conversion of the messianic rabbi Shabbatai Tzevi in 1666. Neither the category 'Jewish' nor 'Muslim' expresses their religious identity. Unlike Jews, the Dönme ostensibly followed the requirements of Islam, including fasting at Ramadan and praying in mosques, one of which they built. Unlike Muslims, the Dö…
An Enemy Old and New: The Dönme, Anti-Semitism, and Conspiracy Theories in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic
The main focal point in Ottoman and Turkish antisemitism is the figure of the Dönme-the descendants of Jews who converted to Islam along with their messiah Shabbatai Tzevi. The focus on the Dönme arises from the perception of the Salonikan-based Young Turks as a cabal of Dönme, or secret Jews. It was immediately in the wake of the 1908 constitutional revolution-which culminated in the dethronement of Abdülhamid II, and ultimately led to the const…
Tolerance and Conversion in the Ottoman Empire: A Conversation
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Turk and Jew in Berlin: The First Turkish Migration to Germany and the Shoah
In this paper I critically examine the conflation of Turk with Muslim, explore the Turkish experience of Nazism, and examine Turkey's relation to the darkest era of German history. Whereas many assume that Turks in Germany cannot share in the Jewish past, and that for them the genocide of the Jews is merely a borrowed memory, I show how intertwined the history of Turkey and Germany, Turkish and German anti-Semitism, and Turks and Jews are. Bringi…
Protestant Islam in Weimar Germany: Hugo Marcus and “The Message of the Holy Prophet Muhammad to Europe
The article explores the Islam envisioned in the extensive writings of one of the most prominent German converts to Islam in Weimar Germany, the Jewish poet, philosopher, and political activist Hugo Marcus (1880–1966). Marcus's understanding of Islam is a surprisingly Eurocentric and even Germanic one. It is not only the religion of the German past, Marcus claims, but also, given its faith in the intellect and in progress, the religion of the fut…
Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837
Theatre and disorder in late Georgian London
In September of 1809 during the opening night of Macbeth at the newly rebuilt Covent Garden theatre the audience rioted over the rise in ticket prices. Disturbances took place on the following sixty-six nights that autumn and the Old Price riots became the longest running theatre disorder in English history. This book describes the events in detail, sets them in their wider context, and uses them to examine the interpenetration of theatre and dis…
John Bull in Covent Garden
This chapter discusses the role of theatre in helping shape and sustain English nationalism, and contains an analysis of how concerns about patriotism or the English identity influenced the disorder in Covent Garden. One argument that is presented in this chapter is about the Old Price riots and how these reflected a collective or social memory of theatre in 1809.
Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837
Theatre and Disorder in Late Georgian London
The Augustan Court: Queen Anne and the Decline of Court Culture . R. O. Bucholz
Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790-1850.
This book examines radical politics in Britain in the wake of the American and French revolutions. Radical thinkers of the period expressed and disseminated their ideas not only in the formal language of journals and pamphlets, but also through symbols, such as the cap of liberty, which was hoisted at radical gatherings to invoke the ideas of the French Revolution. Even drinking rituals took on political meaning when radicals subverted the loyal …
Social Boundaries of Ottoman Women’s Experience in Eighteenth-Century Galata Court Records
The Islamization of Ottoman Cities
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Islamic Conversion Narratives of Women: Social Change and Gendered Religious Hierarchy in Early Modern Ottoman Istanbul
The Great Fire of 1660 and the Islamization of Christian and Jewish Space in Istanbul
On 24 July 1660, a great conflagration broke out in Istanbul. An Ottoman writer conveys the horror of the event: “[t]housands of homes and households burned with fire. And in accordance with God's eternal will, God changed the distinguishing marks of night and day by making the very dark night luminous with flames bearing sparks, and darkening the light-filled day with black smoke and soot.” The fire began in a store that sold straw products outs…
The Double Bind of Race and Religion: The Conversion of the Dönme to Turkish Secular Nationalism
For over two centuries the Dönme lived an open secret in Ottoman Salonika following their conversion from Judaism to Islam in the wake of the conversion of the messianic rabbi Shabbatai Tzevi in 1666. Neither the category 'Jewish' nor 'Muslim' expresses their religious identity. Unlike Jews, the Dönme ostensibly followed the requirements of Islam, including fasting at Ramadan and praying in mosques, one of which they built. Unlike Muslims, the Dö…
Political Dinners in Whig, Radical and Tory Westminster, 1780–1880
Converting the Jewish Prophet and Jewish Physicians
This chapter first explores how the attempt of the sultan, his preacher, and the grand vizier to stamp out what they considered heterodox, illegitimate practices among Muslims; to root out heresy and dampen religious ecstasy; and to destroy places where rapturous religious practices were performed which coincided with the outbreak of Shabbatai Tzevi's preaching, aiming to reform Jewish life and convert Jews to the rabbi's understanding of God's p…
Mehmed IV’s Life and Legacy, from Ghazi to Hunter
This chapter examines Mehmed IV's life and legacy. His hunting habit overshadowed his numerous conversions. Dire straits for commoners, lawlessness in the capital, and military failure turned commoners, the military, and factions in the administration against Mehmed IV. The sultan's constant hunting earned the wrath of the religious class and united commoner and elite alike in opposition. All anyone could see was that Mehmed IV was in the environ…
Inauspicious Enthronement
This chapter explores Mehmed IV's turbulent accession to the sultanate at the age of seven following the dethronement (and subsequent execution) of his father, Ibrahim. Nearly a week after Ibrahim was dethroned and put under house arrest, and his son Prince Mehmed became Sultan Mehmed IV, the royal family boarded a skiff at the imperial boathouse down the hill from Topkapı Palace and took a short journey up the Golden Horn to make a pilgrimage to…
Conversion and Conquest: Ghaza in Central and Eastern Europe
This chapter begins with a discussion of Mehmed IV's path of jihad in the early 1670s when he journeyed to the heart of Europe to conquer a citadel which is referred to today as “the Turkish fortress”. It then discusses Mehmed IV' second campaign to ensure the Treaty of Buczacz that guaranteed Polish tribute, death of Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Mehmed IV's campaign against the Russian Empire, and conquest and conversion in Central Europe.
Conversion to Piety: Mehmed IV and Preacher Vani Mehmed Efendi
This chapter explores several of the major themes of the book, including why people attempt to bring others of the same religion to their understanding of that religion (the motivation of Vani Mehmed Efendi), the link between piety and proselytization, and the significance of the advocate or mediator of conversion. It focuses on the changed religious scene in the 1660s following the fire and Islamization in Istanbul and the appointment of Fazıl A…
Conclusion: Islamic Rulers and the Process of Conversion
This chapter discusses Islamic rulers and the process of conversion. It argues that the conversion of self, conversion of others of the same religion, conversion of others of different religions and their sacred spaces within society, and the waging of ghaza in part to convert others and their religious geography abroad were all linked during Mehmed IV's epoch. Most notable about the ideology of Mehmed IV's court was its marked religious piety: t…
Postscript: Silences and Traces of the Past
This postscript argues that Mehmed IV's reign has been overshadowed by subsequent historical events and silenced by two centuries of historical interpretation. It also contends that one of the most long-lasting consequences of Mehmed IV's era may have been the creation of communities of descendants of 17th-century Christian and Jewish converts to Islam that either maintained religious beliefs and engaged in practices that combined elements of the…
Conversion and Conquest: Ghazi Mehmed IV and Candia
This chapter analyzes how Ottoman historians writing after a mature Mehmed IV moved to Edirne, depicting him as a model, active sultan. In their accounts he is a pious, strong, manly, warrior (ghazi) sultan, who reclaimed power taken by royal women and, with his preacher at his side, converted many people and many places throughout the Ottoman Europe. The perspective of contemporary chronicle writers allows a revision of how scholars have depicte…
Islamizing Istanbul
This chapter examines how conversion affects religious geography and sacred space. It discusses the great fire of the summer of 1660 and the meaning given to it by contemporary writers, Hatice Turhan's converting of Jewish places in the wake of the fire, the construction and dedication of the Valide Sultan Mosque in the heart of the former main Jewish neighborhood, Fazıl Ahmed Pasha's Islamization of Christian places, and how Muslim commoners fol…
A Decade of Crisis
This chapter analyzes the decade of economic, military, and political crisis, which led to perceptions of a cultural crisis whose resolution was sought in conversion to a purified Islam as advocated by pietist preachers. Many scholars writing about conversion agree that conversion is often preceded by crisis, either at a societal or personal level. Because context is crucial, a context of crisis sets the stage for religious change to occur. When …
Hunting for Converts
Like other early modern monarchs, hunting was the favorite pastime of Mehmed IV, but rather than being merely a frivolous activity, as modern historians have claimed, the sultan's contemporary chroniclers argued that hunting demonstrated his bravery and courage, hence manliness, and trained him for warfare. Reading archival records together with the chronicles shows that hunting allowed Mehmed IV close contact with thousands of his subjects, and …
The Failed Final Jihad
This chapter analyzes the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683 within the framework of several of the book's interrelated themes: the links between conversion and conquest and between piety and proselytization, the centrality of the mediator in conversion, how conversion affects religious geography and sacred space; and the role war, violence, and changing power relations play in conversion. As is well known, the siege did not go as planned and the Ot…
Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong
This chapter examines why people attempt to bring others of the same religion to their understanding of that religion (the motivation of the Kadızadelis), the link between piety and proselytization, and the central role played by those who mediate conversion. It charts the rise to prominence of the Kadızadelis religious movement in the 1650s, explaining the movement's origins in the 1620s and 1630s with Kadızade Mehmed Efendi, who propagated the …
History (30 works) · Political science (25 works) · Law (21 works) · Islamic Studies and History (19 works) · Philosophy (17 works) · Ancient history (14 works) · Islam (14 works) · Politics (14 works) · Archaeology (12 works) · Religious studies (11 works)