Guillaume Deffuant
Biographic Data
| ID | 259121 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Guillaume Deffuant |
| GIVEN NAMES | Guillaume |
| FAMILY NAME | Deffuant |
| SIGNATURE | DEFFUANT G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Laboratoire d'Ingénierie pour les Systèmes Complexes |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6265-9300 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 126 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Can Biases in Perceived Attitudes Explain Anti-Conformism
In two studies about farming practices, the respondents who are particularly favorable to organic farming tend to have a higher intention to convert their farm to organic when they perceive other farmers as not very favorable to this practice. This intention can be considered as anticonformist, as it is in opposition to the general view of others. This article hypothesizes that this phenomenon can be explained by some biases on the perceptions of…
Opinion Dynamics Model Revealing Yet Undetected Cognitive Biases
International audience
Do Farm Characteristics or Social Dynamics Explain the Conversion to Organic Farming by Dairy Farmers? An Agent-Based Model of Dairy Farming in 27 French Cantons
The drivers of conversion to organic farming, which is still a residual choice in agriculture, are poorly understood. Many scholars argue that farm characteristics can determine this choice but do not exclude the role of social dynamics. To study this issue, we developed an agent-based model in which agents' decisions to shi to organic farming are based on a comparison between satisfaction with the current situation and potential satisfaction wit…
Models of Social Influence: Towards the Next Frontiers
In , Robert Axelrod wondered in a highly influential paper "If people tend to become more alike in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior when they interact, why do not all such di erences eventually disappear?"Axelrod's question highlighted an ongoing quest for formal theoretical answers joined by researchers from a wide range of disciplines.Numerous models have been developed to understand why and under what conditions diversity in beliefs, att…
Bounded Confidence Model with Fixed Uncertainties and Extremists: The Opinions Can Keep Fluctuating Indefinitely
The bounded confidence model and its variants applied to moderate and extremist agents exhibit three types of attractors: central clusters, double extreme and single extreme clusters. These attractors are observed when the models include a dynamics on the uncertainties tending to decrease the moderate uncertainties when interacting with extremists. We show here that a new stationary state appears when the uncertainties are fixed, for large uncert…
Visions de la complexité. Le démon de Laplace dans tous ses états
Nous distinguons trois visions de la complexité afin de clarifier les contours de la recherche dans ce domaine. Nous utilisons le démon de Laplace comme référence pour présenter ces visions. La vision 1 brise le rêve du démon de Laplace en identifiant des systèmes particuliers qui lui résistent en mathématiques, physique et informatique. La vision 2 propose une nouvelle version du rêve de Laplace fondée sur la disponibilité récente de grandes qua…
Parameterisation of Individual Working Dynamics
The Leviathan Model: Absolute Dominance, Generalised Distrust, Small Worlds and Other Patterns Emerging from Combining Vanity with Opinion Propagation
We propose an opinion dynamics model that combines processes of vanity and opinion propagation. The interactions take place between randomly chosen pairs. During an interaction, the agents propagate their opinions about themselves and about other people they know. Moreover, each individual is subject to vanity: if her interlocutor seems to value her highly, then she increases her opinion about this interlocutor. On the contrary she tends to decre…
The Results of Meadows and Cliff Are Wrong Because They Compute Indicator y Before Model Convergence
Meadows and Cliff (2012) failed to replicate the results of Deffuant et al. (2002) and concluded that our paper was wrong. In this note, we show that the conclusions of Meadows and Cliff are due to a wrong computation of indicator y, which was not fully specified in our 2002 paper. In particular, Meadows and Cliff compute indicator y before model convergence whereas this indicator should be computed after model convergence
Generating a Synthetic Population of Individuals in Households: Sample-Free Vs Sample-Based Methods
We compare a sample-free method proposed by Gargiulo et al. (2010) and a sample-based method proposed by Ye et al. (2009) for generating a synthetic population, organised in households, from various statistics. We generate a reference population for a French region including 1310 municipalities and measure how both methods approximate it from a set of statistics derived from this reference population. We also perform a sensitivity analysis. The s…
Manifesto de Ciência Social Computacional
A crescente integração da tecnologia em nossas vidas criou volumes sem precedentes de dados sobre o comportamento cotidiano da sociedade. Esses dados abrem novas oportunidades para se trabalhar em direção a um entendimento quantitativo dos sistemas sociais complexos, no âmbito de uma nova disciplina conhecida como Ciência Social Computacional. Num contexto de crises financeiras, revoltas e epidemias internacionais, fica clara a urgente necessidad…
Manifesto of computational social science
The increasing integration of technology into our lives has created unprecedented volumes of data on society’s everyday behaviour. Such data opens up exciting new opportunities to work towards a quantitative understanding of our complex social systems, within the realms of a new discipline known as Computational Social Science. Against a background of financial crises, riots and international epidemics, the urgent need for a greater comprehension…
Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems
Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems: Concepts, Methods and Case Studies from Ecology and Society
Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena
Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena: The Second World Congress
Gestion des territoires: Aider à la formulation collective de problèmes
La législation définissant les procédures de gestion des territoires impose de prendre en compte des enjeux d'acteurs représentatifs des différentes composantes du territoire. Nous présentons un cadre de formalisation de cette prise en compte qui fournit aux décideurs et animateurs une description systématique des problèmes définis lors de la procédure et une synthèse de la définition du territoire. Ces deux produits permettent à l'animateur de p…
An Individual-Based Model of Innovation Diffusion Mixing Social Value and Individual Benefit
The authors propose an individual‐based model of innovation diffusion and explore its main dynamical properties. In the model, individuals assign an a priori social value to an innovation which evolves during their interactions with the "relative agreement" influence model. This model offers the possibility of including a minority of "extremists" with extreme and very definite opinions. Individuals who give a high social value to the innovation t…
Interacting Agents and Continuous Opinions Dynamics
Mixing beliefs among interacting agents
We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.
Les modèles cognitifs à l'épreuve des formes religieuses et sociales: Proposition de directions de recherche centrées sur l 'empathie
Cet article propose plusieurs directions de recherche sur l'interprétation et la compréhension de certaines formes religieuses ou sociales (sociétés archaïques, traditionnelles hiérarchiques, les religions monothéistes révélées, l'individualisme moderne), à l'aide d'hypothèses sur le fonctionnement cognitif responsable des interactions sociales élémentaires. L'empathie est vue comme opérateur central et nous tentons de montrer qu'il permet une in…
Equivalences entre classificateurs connexionnistes et classificateurs logiques
Le but de ce papier est de montrer que classificateurs connexionnistes et classificateurs logiques sont fonctionnellement équivalents. Les classificateurs connexionnistes sont construits comme composition entre une mémoire associative et une fonction de décision. Les modèles de mémoires associatives étudiées dans ce papier sont des perceptrons multicouches et des modèles de Hopfïeld. Par l'opération de composition avec une fonction de décision, u…
Models of Social Influence: Towards the Next Frontiers
In , Robert Axelrod wondered in a highly influential paper "If people tend to become more alike in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior when they interact, why do not all such di erences eventually disappear?"Axelrod's question highlighted an ongoing quest for formal theoretical answers joined by researchers from a wide range of disciplines.Numerous models have been developed to understand why and under what conditions diversity in beliefs, att…
An Individual-Based Model of Innovation Diffusion Mixing Social Value and Individual Benefit
The authors propose an individual‐based model of innovation diffusion and explore its main dynamical properties. In the model, individuals assign an a priori social value to an innovation which evolves during their interactions with the "relative agreement" influence model. This model offers the possibility of including a minority of "extremists" with extreme and very definite opinions. Individuals who give a high social value to the innovation t…
Opinion Dynamics Model Revealing Yet Undetected Cognitive Biases
International audience
Bounded Confidence Model with Fixed Uncertainties and Extremists: The Opinions Can Keep Fluctuating Indefinitely
The bounded confidence model and its variants applied to moderate and extremist agents exhibit three types of attractors: central clusters, double extreme and single extreme clusters. These attractors are observed when the models include a dynamics on the uncertainties tending to decrease the moderate uncertainties when interacting with extremists. We show here that a new stationary state appears when the uncertainties are fixed, for large uncert…
Equivalences entre classificateurs connexionnistes et classificateurs logiques
Le but de ce papier est de montrer que classificateurs connexionnistes et classificateurs logiques sont fonctionnellement équivalents. Les classificateurs connexionnistes sont construits comme composition entre une mémoire associative et une fonction de décision. Les modèles de mémoires associatives étudiées dans ce papier sont des perceptrons multicouches et des modèles de Hopfïeld. Par l'opération de composition avec une fonction de décision, u…
Les modèles cognitifs à l'épreuve des formes religieuses et sociales: Proposition de directions de recherche centrées sur l 'empathie
Cet article propose plusieurs directions de recherche sur l'interprétation et la compréhension de certaines formes religieuses ou sociales (sociétés archaïques, traditionnelles hiérarchiques, les religions monothéistes révélées, l'individualisme moderne), à l'aide d'hypothèses sur le fonctionnement cognitif responsable des interactions sociales élémentaires. L'empathie est vue comme opérateur central et nous tentons de montrer qu'il permet une in…
Mixing beliefs among interacting agents
We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.
Interacting Agents and Continuous Opinions Dynamics
Gestion des territoires: Aider à la formulation collective de problèmes
La législation définissant les procédures de gestion des territoires impose de prendre en compte des enjeux d'acteurs représentatifs des différentes composantes du territoire. Nous présentons un cadre de formalisation de cette prise en compte qui fournit aux décideurs et animateurs une description systématique des problèmes définis lors de la procédure et une synthèse de la définition du territoire. Ces deux produits permettent à l'animateur de p…
An Individual-Based Model of Innovation Diffusion Mixing Social Value and Individual Benefit
The authors propose an individual‐based model of innovation diffusion and explore its main dynamical properties. In the model, individuals assign an a priori social value to an innovation which evolves during their interactions with the "relative agreement" influence model. This model offers the possibility of including a minority of "extremists" with extreme and very definite opinions. Individuals who give a high social value to the innovation t…
Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena
Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena: The Second World Congress
Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems
Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems: Concepts, Methods and Case Studies from Ecology and Society
Manifesto of computational social science
The increasing integration of technology into our lives has created unprecedented volumes of data on society’s everyday behaviour. Such data opens up exciting new opportunities to work towards a quantitative understanding of our complex social systems, within the realms of a new discipline known as Computational Social Science. Against a background of financial crises, riots and international epidemics, the urgent need for a greater comprehension…
The Leviathan Model: Absolute Dominance, Generalised Distrust, Small Worlds and Other Patterns Emerging from Combining Vanity with Opinion Propagation
We propose an opinion dynamics model that combines processes of vanity and opinion propagation. The interactions take place between randomly chosen pairs. During an interaction, the agents propagate their opinions about themselves and about other people they know. Moreover, each individual is subject to vanity: if her interlocutor seems to value her highly, then she increases her opinion about this interlocutor. On the contrary she tends to decre…
The Results of Meadows and Cliff Are Wrong Because They Compute Indicator y Before Model Convergence
Meadows and Cliff (2012) failed to replicate the results of Deffuant et al. (2002) and concluded that our paper was wrong. In this note, we show that the conclusions of Meadows and Cliff are due to a wrong computation of indicator y, which was not fully specified in our 2002 paper. In particular, Meadows and Cliff compute indicator y before model convergence whereas this indicator should be computed after model convergence
Generating a Synthetic Population of Individuals in Households: Sample-Free Vs Sample-Based Methods
We compare a sample-free method proposed by Gargiulo et al. (2010) and a sample-based method proposed by Ye et al. (2009) for generating a synthetic population, organised in households, from various statistics. We generate a reference population for a French region including 1310 municipalities and measure how both methods approximate it from a set of statistics derived from this reference population. We also perform a sensitivity analysis. The s…
Manifesto de Ciência Social Computacional
A crescente integração da tecnologia em nossas vidas criou volumes sem precedentes de dados sobre o comportamento cotidiano da sociedade. Esses dados abrem novas oportunidades para se trabalhar em direção a um entendimento quantitativo dos sistemas sociais complexos, no âmbito de uma nova disciplina conhecida como Ciência Social Computacional. Num contexto de crises financeiras, revoltas e epidemias internacionais, fica clara a urgente necessidad…
Parameterisation of Individual Working Dynamics
Visions de la complexité. Le démon de Laplace dans tous ses états
Nous distinguons trois visions de la complexité afin de clarifier les contours de la recherche dans ce domaine. Nous utilisons le démon de Laplace comme référence pour présenter ces visions. La vision 1 brise le rêve du démon de Laplace en identifiant des systèmes particuliers qui lui résistent en mathématiques, physique et informatique. La vision 2 propose une nouvelle version du rêve de Laplace fondée sur la disponibilité récente de grandes qua…
Bounded Confidence Model with Fixed Uncertainties and Extremists: The Opinions Can Keep Fluctuating Indefinitely
The bounded confidence model and its variants applied to moderate and extremist agents exhibit three types of attractors: central clusters, double extreme and single extreme clusters. These attractors are observed when the models include a dynamics on the uncertainties tending to decrease the moderate uncertainties when interacting with extremists. We show here that a new stationary state appears when the uncertainties are fixed, for large uncert…
Models of Social Influence: Towards the Next Frontiers
In , Robert Axelrod wondered in a highly influential paper "If people tend to become more alike in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior when they interact, why do not all such di erences eventually disappear?"Axelrod's question highlighted an ongoing quest for formal theoretical answers joined by researchers from a wide range of disciplines.Numerous models have been developed to understand why and under what conditions diversity in beliefs, att…
Do Farm Characteristics or Social Dynamics Explain the Conversion to Organic Farming by Dairy Farmers? An Agent-Based Model of Dairy Farming in 27 French Cantons
The drivers of conversion to organic farming, which is still a residual choice in agriculture, are poorly understood. Many scholars argue that farm characteristics can determine this choice but do not exclude the role of social dynamics. To study this issue, we developed an agent-based model in which agents' decisions to shi to organic farming are based on a comparison between satisfaction with the current situation and potential satisfaction wit…
Can Biases in Perceived Attitudes Explain Anti-Conformism
In two studies about farming practices, the respondents who are particularly favorable to organic farming tend to have a higher intention to convert their farm to organic when they perceive other farmers as not very favorable to this practice. This intention can be considered as anticonformist, as it is in opposition to the general view of others. This article hypothesizes that this phenomenon can be explained by some biases on the perceptions of…
Opinion Dynamics Model Revealing Yet Undetected Cognitive Biases
International audience
Computer Science (13 works) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (9 works) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (7 works) · Mathematics (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Philosophy (5 works) · Econometrics (4 works) · Economics (4 works)