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Wendy Smits

Biographic Data

ID262913
NAMEWendy Smits
GIVEN NAMESWendy
FAMILY NAMESmits
SIGNATURESMITS W
AFFILIATIONSSchool of Business and Economics Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
ORCID0000-0003-4294-1258
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS15
TOTAL CITATIONS64
AUTHOR COUNT15
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2002
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX5
  • Wat heeft het zzp-schap te bieden aan werkenden in de zorg: Een latente klassenanalyse van ervaren werkeisen (demands) en energiebronnen (resouces) onder werknemers en zzp’ers in de zorg

    Bryan Steltenpool, Koen Steenks et al.•ARTICLE•Mens & Maatschappij•2026

    What does self-employment offer workers in healthcare? This study investigates how healthcare workers experience job demands and resources, comparing employees and self-employed workers within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R)-model. Using two rich datasets from Statistics Netherlands: Werknemersenquête Zorg en Welzijn (n=8,831) en Zelfstandigenenquête Zorg en Welzijn (n=2,192), we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to identify f…

  • Van mbo naar arbeidsmarkt. De rol van de beroepspraktijkvorming via de bol en bbl

    Wendy Smits, Robert De Vries et al.•ARTICLE•Mens & Maatschappij•2025

    From vocational education to the labour-market: the impact of school-based or work-based practical training In vocational education (mbo), job-specific skills are (partly) taught in practice at a training company, known as vocational practical training (Beroepspraktijkvorming, BPV). The mbo system offers two learning pathways, which differ in terms of the scope of BPV. In the work-based learning pathway (bbl), the scope of BPV is much larger than…

  • Ad hoc decisions as latent strategies: How do firms use nonstandard employment contracts

    Open Access•Bouwhui, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Industrial Relations Journal•2024

    We derive a typology of firms regarding how they use non‐standard contracts, using register data. We find that 58% of firms fit the core‐periphery model. They use non‐standard contracts differently for low‐skilled and high‐skilled employees. The other firms use non‐standard contracts similarly for different groups of employees

  • Does it pay off to specialize? The interplay between educational specificity, level and cyclical sensitivity

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, María Rosa Ruiz et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2023•References: 40

    This paper investigates how the specificity of the field of study is related to the quality of school-to-work transitions, and whether this relation is moderated by the level of education and the cyclical sensitivity of the field of study. We apply a processual approach and produce a typology of school-to-work transitions based on labor market position and income. This is done with multichannel sequence analysis on register data on school-leavers…

  • Scarred by Your Employer? The Effect of Employers' Strategies on the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work and Occupations•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 15

    In this article, we investigate how the strategies employers have for using non-standard employment - screening, workforce adaptability or cost reduction - affect the career outcomes of workers. To investigate this, we use multichannel sequence analysis to produce a typology of employment and income trajectories of workers with non-standard contracts in the Netherlands. The results show that workers starting employment in firms that use non-stand…

  • Genuine' or 'Quasi' Self-Employment: Who Can Tell

    Open Access•Lian Kösters, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Social Indicators Research•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    In many industrialised countries, including the Netherlands, the share of solo self-employed workers has strongly increased in recent years. This development is subject to a lot of public debate as it is feared that this increase is caused by 'quasi' self-employment. There still seems to be little consensus, however, on what constitutes 'genuine' self-employment and what not. In this article we present a theoretical framework for 'quasi' solo sel…

  • Should we sort it out later? The effect of tracking age on long-run outcomes

    Open Access•By Lex Borghans, Ron Diris et al.•ARTICLE•Economics of Education Review•2020

  • Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2020•Cited by: 10•References: 29

    This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and…

  • De Brusselse jeugd: Tussen diversiteit en kwetsbaarheid

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Deze synthesenota, voorgesteld als een thematische nota, strekt ertoe een portret te maken van zowel de Nederlandstalige als Franstalige Brusselse jongeren van 12 tot 25 jaar aan de hand van een groot aantal diverse gegevens en wetenschappelijke werken die sinds 2005 zijn gepubliceerd. De complexe situatie op het vlak van de instellingen en het gebruik van de talen, die zowel de Brusselse context als de onderzoeken kenmerkt, vereist een dergelijk…

  • Brussels youth: Between diversity and lack of security

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Presented in a thematic manner, the aim of this synopsis is to paint a picture of French- and Dutch-speaking Brussels youth between the ages of 12 and 25, based on a great diversity of data and academic research published since 2005. The institutional and linguistic complexity which characterises the situation in Brussels and the production of research makes this type of exercise absolutely necessary. This inventory of knowledge regarding youth i…

  • Jeunesses bruxelloises: Entre diversité et précarité

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Présentée de façon thématique, cette note de synthèse a pour objectif de dresser un portrait des jeunes bruxellois, tant francophones que néerlandophones, de 12 à 25 ans à partir d’une grande diversité de données et recherches scientifiques publiées depuis 2005. La complexité institutionnelle et linguistique caractérisant à la fois le contexte bruxellois et la production des recherches rend ce type d’exercice tout à fait nécessaire. Cet état des …

  • Rational Fear or Represented Malaise: A Crucial Test of Two Paradigms Explaining Fear of Crime

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Saskia De Groof et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Perspectives•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    In explanations offered for fear of crime, two different paradigms can be distinguished. The first considers fear of crime as a rational reaction to crime and victimization; the other views such fear as a representation of more general feelings of malaise. The paradigms suggest different research strategies and offer different explanations for the same empirical observations. The choice of paradigm therefore determines the meaning of the empirica…

  • The vanishing flexible: Ambition, self-realization and flexibility in the career perspectives of young Belgian adults

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 12•References: 32

    The cultural interpretation of career models, that links a preference for the flexible career to the quest for self-realization, and a preference for the linear, stable to the traditional work ethic, turns out to be empirically correct for the population considered in this analysis (inhabitants of Belgium, 19 to 36 years old). In contrast to what is posited by many authors, the traditional work ethic is, however, still quite strong. Moreover the …

  • The Persistence of the Standardized Life Cycle

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Time & Society•2006•Cited by: 29•References: 10

    This article investigates to what degree the standardized life cycle has been replaced by an individualized life course, characterized by the absence of a strict sequence and timing of life's transitions. In order to measure the normative position of people, rather than the external conditions to which they are subject, the test is based on the ideal life course or life cycle as described by a purely random sample of 4666 inhabitants of Belgium, …

  • The Economics of the Apprenticeship System

    Rainer Winkelmann, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2002

    Well-written and well-researched, this book succeeds in achieving a perfect blend of theory, evidence, and history. It will appeal to scholars in the fields of labour economics and human resource management, as well as those in private and public sectors working on policy development and planning of vocational education and training

  • The Persistence of the Standardized Life Cycle

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Time & Society•2006•Cited by: 29•References: 10

    This article investigates to what degree the standardized life cycle has been replaced by an individualized life course, characterized by the absence of a strict sequence and timing of life's transitions. In order to measure the normative position of people, rather than the external conditions to which they are subject, the test is based on the ideal life course or life cycle as described by a purely random sample of 4666 inhabitants of Belgium, …

  • The vanishing flexible: Ambition, self-realization and flexibility in the career perspectives of young Belgian adults

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 12•References: 32

    The cultural interpretation of career models, that links a preference for the flexible career to the quest for self-realization, and a preference for the linear, stable to the traditional work ethic, turns out to be empirically correct for the population considered in this analysis (inhabitants of Belgium, 19 to 36 years old). In contrast to what is posited by many authors, the traditional work ethic is, however, still quite strong. Moreover the …

  • Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2020•Cited by: 10•References: 29

    This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and…

  • Rational Fear or Represented Malaise: A Crucial Test of Two Paradigms Explaining Fear of Crime

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Saskia De Groof et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Perspectives•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    In explanations offered for fear of crime, two different paradigms can be distinguished. The first considers fear of crime as a rational reaction to crime and victimization; the other views such fear as a representation of more general feelings of malaise. The paradigms suggest different research strategies and offer different explanations for the same empirical observations. The choice of paradigm therefore determines the meaning of the empirica…

  • Scarred by Your Employer? The Effect of Employers' Strategies on the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work and Occupations•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 15

    In this article, we investigate how the strategies employers have for using non-standard employment - screening, workforce adaptability or cost reduction - affect the career outcomes of workers. To investigate this, we use multichannel sequence analysis to produce a typology of employment and income trajectories of workers with non-standard contracts in the Netherlands. The results show that workers starting employment in firms that use non-stand…

  • Genuine' or 'Quasi' Self-Employment: Who Can Tell

    Open Access•Lian Kösters, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Social Indicators Research•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    In many industrialised countries, including the Netherlands, the share of solo self-employed workers has strongly increased in recent years. This development is subject to a lot of public debate as it is feared that this increase is caused by 'quasi' self-employment. There still seems to be little consensus, however, on what constitutes 'genuine' self-employment and what not. In this article we present a theoretical framework for 'quasi' solo sel…

  • The Economics of the Apprenticeship System

    Rainer Winkelmann, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2002

    Well-written and well-researched, this book succeeds in achieving a perfect blend of theory, evidence, and history. It will appeal to scholars in the fields of labour economics and human resource management, as well as those in private and public sectors working on policy development and planning of vocational education and training

  • The Persistence of the Standardized Life Cycle

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Time & Society•2006•Cited by: 29•References: 10

    This article investigates to what degree the standardized life cycle has been replaced by an individualized life course, characterized by the absence of a strict sequence and timing of life's transitions. In order to measure the normative position of people, rather than the external conditions to which they are subject, the test is based on the ideal life course or life cycle as described by a purely random sample of 4666 inhabitants of Belgium, …

  • Rational Fear or Represented Malaise: A Crucial Test of Two Paradigms Explaining Fear of Crime

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Saskia De Groof et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Perspectives•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    In explanations offered for fear of crime, two different paradigms can be distinguished. The first considers fear of crime as a rational reaction to crime and victimization; the other views such fear as a representation of more general feelings of malaise. The paradigms suggest different research strategies and offer different explanations for the same empirical observations. The choice of paradigm therefore determines the meaning of the empirica…

  • The vanishing flexible: Ambition, self-realization and flexibility in the career perspectives of young Belgian adults

    Open Access•Mark Elchardus, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 12•References: 32

    The cultural interpretation of career models, that links a preference for the flexible career to the quest for self-realization, and a preference for the linear, stable to the traditional work ethic, turns out to be empirically correct for the population considered in this analysis (inhabitants of Belgium, 19 to 36 years old). In contrast to what is posited by many authors, the traditional work ethic is, however, still quite strong. Moreover the …

  • De Brusselse jeugd: Tussen diversiteit en kwetsbaarheid

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Deze synthesenota, voorgesteld als een thematische nota, strekt ertoe een portret te maken van zowel de Nederlandstalige als Franstalige Brusselse jongeren van 12 tot 25 jaar aan de hand van een groot aantal diverse gegevens en wetenschappelijke werken die sinds 2005 zijn gepubliceerd. De complexe situatie op het vlak van de instellingen en het gebruik van de talen, die zowel de Brusselse context als de onderzoeken kenmerkt, vereist een dergelijk…

  • Brussels youth: Between diversity and lack of security

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Presented in a thematic manner, the aim of this synopsis is to paint a picture of French- and Dutch-speaking Brussels youth between the ages of 12 and 25, based on a great diversity of data and academic research published since 2005. The institutional and linguistic complexity which characterises the situation in Brussels and the production of research makes this type of exercise absolutely necessary. This inventory of knowledge regarding youth i…

  • Jeunesses bruxelloises: Entre diversité et précarité

    Open Access•Muriel Sacco, Wendy Smits et al.•ARTICLE•Brussels Studies•2016

    Présentée de façon thématique, cette note de synthèse a pour objectif de dresser un portrait des jeunes bruxellois, tant francophones que néerlandophones, de 12 à 25 ans à partir d’une grande diversité de données et recherches scientifiques publiées depuis 2005. La complexité institutionnelle et linguistique caractérisant à la fois le contexte bruxellois et la production des recherches rend ce type d’exercice tout à fait nécessaire. Cet état des …

  • Should we sort it out later? The effect of tracking age on long-run outcomes

    Open Access•By Lex Borghans, Ron Diris et al.•ARTICLE•Economics of Education Review•2020

  • Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2020•Cited by: 10•References: 29

    This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and…

  • Scarred by Your Employer? The Effect of Employers' Strategies on the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Work and Occupations•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 15

    In this article, we investigate how the strategies employers have for using non-standard employment - screening, workforce adaptability or cost reduction - affect the career outcomes of workers. To investigate this, we use multichannel sequence analysis to produce a typology of employment and income trajectories of workers with non-standard contracts in the Netherlands. The results show that workers starting employment in firms that use non-stand…

  • Genuine' or 'Quasi' Self-Employment: Who Can Tell

    Open Access•Lian Kösters, Wendy Smits•ARTICLE•Social Indicators Research•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 30

    In many industrialised countries, including the Netherlands, the share of solo self-employed workers has strongly increased in recent years. This development is subject to a lot of public debate as it is feared that this increase is caused by 'quasi' self-employment. There still seems to be little consensus, however, on what constitutes 'genuine' self-employment and what not. In this article we present a theoretical framework for 'quasi' solo sel…

  • Does it pay off to specialize? The interplay between educational specificity, level and cyclical sensitivity

    Open Access•Lucille Mattijssen, María Rosa Ruiz et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2023•References: 40

    This paper investigates how the specificity of the field of study is related to the quality of school-to-work transitions, and whether this relation is moderated by the level of education and the cyclical sensitivity of the field of study. We apply a processual approach and produce a typology of school-to-work transitions based on labor market position and income. This is done with multichannel sequence analysis on register data on school-leavers…

  • Ad hoc decisions as latent strategies: How do firms use nonstandard employment contracts

    Open Access•Bouwhui, Dimitris Pavlopoulos et al.•ARTICLE•Industrial Relations Journal•2024

    We derive a typology of firms regarding how they use non‐standard contracts, using register data. We find that 58% of firms fit the core‐periphery model. They use non‐standard contracts differently for low‐skilled and high‐skilled employees. The other firms use non‐standard contracts similarly for different groups of employees

  • Van mbo naar arbeidsmarkt. De rol van de beroepspraktijkvorming via de bol en bbl

    Wendy Smits, Robert De Vries et al.•ARTICLE•Mens & Maatschappij•2025

    From vocational education to the labour-market: the impact of school-based or work-based practical training In vocational education (mbo), job-specific skills are (partly) taught in practice at a training company, known as vocational practical training (Beroepspraktijkvorming, BPV). The mbo system offers two learning pathways, which differ in terms of the scope of BPV. In the work-based learning pathway (bbl), the scope of BPV is much larger than…

  • Wat heeft het zzp-schap te bieden aan werkenden in de zorg: Een latente klassenanalyse van ervaren werkeisen (demands) en energiebronnen (resouces) onder werknemers en zzp’ers in de zorg

    Bryan Steltenpool, Koen Steenks et al.•ARTICLE•Mens & Maatschappij•2026

    What does self-employment offer workers in healthcare? This study investigates how healthcare workers experience job demands and resources, comparing employees and self-employed workers within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R)-model. Using two rich datasets from Statistics Netherlands: Werknemersenquête Zorg en Welzijn (n=8,831) en Zelfstandigenenquête Zorg en Welzijn (n=2,192), we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to identify f…

Economics (7 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (5 works) · Economic growth (4 works) · Engineering (4 works) · Labour economics (4 works) · Political science (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works)

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