Judith C Hays
Biographic Data
| ID | 263146 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Judith C Hays |
| GIVEN NAMES | Judith C |
| FAMILY NAME | Hays |
| SIGNATURE | HAYS J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2069-3038 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 864 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
STADL Up! The Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model for TSCS Data Analysis
Time-series cross-section (TSCS) data are prevalent in political science, yet many distinct challenges presented by TSCS data remain underaddressed. We focus on how dependence in both space and time complicates estimating either spatial or temporal dependence, dynamics, and effects. Little is known about how modeling one of temporal or cross-sectional dependence well while neglecting the other affects results in TSCS analysis. We demonstrate anal…
Taxing the Tails in a Global Economy: How Electoral, Party and Wage Bargaining Systems Interact to Determine the Taxes Paid by the Poor and Rich
A prominent line of research on electoral systems and income redistribution argues that proportional representation (PR) leads to tax-and-transfer policies that benefit the poor at the expense of the rich. This is because PR produces encompassing center-left coalitions that protect the poor and middle classes. Yet countries with PR electoral systems tend to rely heavily on consumption taxes and tax profits lightly, both of which are inconsistent …
Fixed effects in rare events data: A Penalized Maximum Likelihood Solution
Most agree that models of binary time-series-cross-sectional data in political science often possess unobserved unit-level heterogeneity. Despite this, there is no clear consensus on how best to account for these potential unit effects, with many of the issues confronted seemingly misunderstood. For example, one oft-discussed concern with rare events data is the elimination of no-event units from the sample when estimating fixed effects models. M…
The path from trade to right-wing populism in Europe
Do We Really Know the WTO Cures Cancer
This article uses a replication experiment of ninety-four specifications from sixteen different studies to show the severity of the problem of selection on unobservables. Using a variety of approaches, it shows that membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization has a significant effect on a surprisingly high number of dependent variables (34 per cent) that have little or no theoretical relationship to the WTO. …
Elections and Civil War in Africa
The view that multiparty elections in changing authoritarian regimes should be held sooner rather than later has been increasingly under attack. Critics argue that, under conditions of low institutional development, multiparty elections may lead to violence and civil war, rather than to the peaceful allocation of authority that everyone desires. Starting from the premise that elections are strategically timed and endogenous in transitioning autho…
Spatial- and Spatiotemporal-Autoregressive Probit Models of Interdependent Binary Outcomes
Spatial/spatiotemporal interdependence—that is, that outcomes, actions or choices of some unit-times depend on those of other unit-times—is substantively important and empirically ubiquitous in binary outcomes of interest across the social sciences. Estimating and interpreting binary-outcome models that incorporate such spatial/spatiotemporal dynamics directly is difficult and rarely attempted, however. This article explains the inferential chall…
Accounting for Right Censoring in Interdependent Duration Analysis
Duration data are often subject to various forms of censoring that require adaptations of the likelihood function to properly capture the data generating process, but existing spatial duration models do not yet account for these potential issues. Here, we develop a method to estimate spatial-lag duration models when the outcome suffers from right censoring, the most common form of censoring. We adapt Wei and Tanner's (1991) imputation algorithm f…
Modeling History Dependence in Network-Behavior Coevolution
Spatial interdependence—the dependence of outcomes in some units on those in others—is substantively and theoretically ubiquitous and central across the social sciences. Spatial association is also omnipresent empirically. However, spatial association may arise from three importantly distinct processes:common exposureof actors to exogenous external and internal stimuli, interdependence of outcomes/behaviors across actors (contagion), and/or the p…
A spatial model incorporating dynamic, endogenous network interdependence: A political science application
Globalization and the new politics of embedded liberalism
This book explores how domestic institutions shape the ways governments redistribute the risks and benefits of economic globalization, identifying the Anglo-American democracies because of their majoritarian polities and decentralized competitive economies, as uniquely vulnerable to the challenges of globalization
Contagion, Common Exposure, and Selection: Empirical Modeling of the Theories and Substance of Interdependence in Political Science
Interdependence in Comparative Politics: Substance, Theory, Empirics, Substance
Interdependence is ubiquitous and often central across comparative politics. Indeed, as the authors show first, theoretically, any situation involving externalities from one unit's actions on others' implies interdependence. Positive or negative externalities induce negative or positive interdependence, which spurs competitive races or free riding, with corresponding early or late-mover advantages, and thus strategic rush to act or delay and inac…
Spatial Econometric Models of Cross-Sectional Interdependence in Political Science Panel and Time-Series-Cross-Section Data
In this paper, we demonstrate the econometric consequences of different specification and estimation choices in the analysis of spatially interdependent data and show how to calculate and present spatial effect estimates substantively. We consider four common estimators—nonspatial OLS, spatial OLS, spatial 2SLS, and spatial ML. We examine analytically the respective omitted-variable and simultaneity biases of nonspatial OLS and spatial OLS in the…
Strategic Interaction among EU Governments in Active Labor Market Policy-making: Subsidiarity and Policy Coordination under the European Employment Strategy
The European Union (EU) recently committed to becoming ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world.’ Active labor market (ALM) policies are a critical part of the European Employment Strategy (EES) – the plan designed to achieve this objective. ALM policies entail several possible externalities that, spilling across national boundaries, may create incentives for European governments to free ride off the efforts of their…
A Review of Spiritual and Religious Measures in Nursing Research Journals: 1995--1999
Government Spending and Public Support for Trade in the OECD: An Empirical Test of the Embedded Liberalism Thesis
According to the embedded liberalism thesis, governments committed to free trade provide insurance and other transfers to compensate those who lose economically from expanded trade. The goal of this spending is to maintain public support for trade liberalization. We provide a micro-level test of the critical assumption behind the embedded liberalism thesis that government programs designed to protect individuals harmed by imports reduce oppositio…
Apoe ε4 as a Predictor of Subjective Quality of Life in a Biracial Older Person Community Sample
This study is among the first to explore the association of the epsilon4 allele with overall QOL. Considered from a public health perspective, these findings challenge the uncritical assumption that the presence of this susceptibility gene in the population implies an excess burden of poor QOL. The findings do not contradict the previous association of epsilon4 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions. Such conditions continue to merit …
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
Globalization and Capital Taxation in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies
This article contributes to the growing literature on the role that domestic political institutions play in mediating globalization pressures by arguing that the capital tax constraints arising from international economic integration are the most severe for countries with majoritarian political institutions. In doing so, the author solves a tax puzzle that challenges conventional thinking about how institutions condition the relationship between …
Exchange Rate Volatility and Democratization in Emerging Market Countries
We examine some of the consequences of financial globalization for democratization in emerging market economies by focusing on the currency markets of four Asian countries at different stages of democratic development. Using political data of various kinds—including a new events data series—and the Markov regime switching model from empirical macroeconomics, we show that in young and incipient democracies politics continuously causes changes in t…
The epidemiology of religious coping: A review of recent literature
Studies of religious coping have increased dramatically over the past few years. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of religious coping. In studies employing a wide variety of methods, religious coping was found to be common across samples, and was predicted by social, personal, and situational factors. Religious coping had implications for physical health, psychological well-being, health b…
Patterns of Religious Practice and Belief in the Last Year of Life
Community studies of respondents in their last year of life are rare. In this sample, religious involvement appears to continue throughout the last months of life
Democracy and Markets: The Case of Exchange Rates
Economic Studies Division of theOesterreichische Nationalbank study the impact of political information on exchange rates.In this interdisciplinary approach the authors combine theoretical results from the field of political science with those of economics to develop stylized facts about the impact of democratic institutions on economic equilibration.The authors develop several competing propositions about how political equilibration affects curr…
Does Religious Attendance Prolong Survival? A Six-Year Follow-Up Study of 3,968 Older Adults
METHODS: A probability sample of 3,968 community-dwelling adults aged 64-101 years residing in the Piedmont of North Carolina was surveyed in 1986 as part of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) program of the National Institutes of Health. Attendance at religious services and a wide variety of sociodemographic and health variables were assessed at baseline. Vital status of members was then determined p…
Spatial Econometric Models of Cross-Sectional Interdependence in Political Science Panel and Time-Series-Cross-Section Data
In this paper, we demonstrate the econometric consequences of different specification and estimation choices in the analysis of spatially interdependent data and show how to calculate and present spatial effect estimates substantively. We consider four common estimators—nonspatial OLS, spatial OLS, spatial 2SLS, and spatial ML. We examine analytically the respective omitted-variable and simultaneity biases of nonspatial OLS and spatial OLS in the…
Government Spending and Public Support for Trade in the OECD: An Empirical Test of the Embedded Liberalism Thesis
According to the embedded liberalism thesis, governments committed to free trade provide insurance and other transfers to compensate those who lose economically from expanded trade. The goal of this spending is to maintain public support for trade liberalization. We provide a micro-level test of the critical assumption behind the embedded liberalism thesis that government programs designed to protect individuals harmed by imports reduce oppositio…
Interdependence in Comparative Politics: Substance, Theory, Empirics, Substance
Interdependence is ubiquitous and often central across comparative politics. Indeed, as the authors show first, theoretically, any situation involving externalities from one unit's actions on others' implies interdependence. Positive or negative externalities induce negative or positive interdependence, which spurs competitive races or free riding, with corresponding early or late-mover advantages, and thus strategic rush to act or delay and inac…
Globalization and Capital Taxation in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies
This article contributes to the growing literature on the role that domestic political institutions play in mediating globalization pressures by arguing that the capital tax constraints arising from international economic integration are the most severe for countries with majoritarian political institutions. In doing so, the author solves a tax puzzle that challenges conventional thinking about how institutions condition the relationship between …
Strategic Interaction among EU Governments in Active Labor Market Policy-making: Subsidiarity and Policy Coordination under the European Employment Strategy
The European Union (EU) recently committed to becoming ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world.’ Active labor market (ALM) policies are a critical part of the European Employment Strategy (EES) – the plan designed to achieve this objective. ALM policies entail several possible externalities that, spilling across national boundaries, may create incentives for European governments to free ride off the efforts of their…
The path from trade to right-wing populism in Europe
Fixed effects in rare events data: A Penalized Maximum Likelihood Solution
Most agree that models of binary time-series-cross-sectional data in political science often possess unobserved unit-level heterogeneity. Despite this, there is no clear consensus on how best to account for these potential unit effects, with many of the issues confronted seemingly misunderstood. For example, one oft-discussed concern with rare events data is the elimination of no-event units from the sample when estimating fixed effects models. M…
Democracy and Markets: The Case of Exchange Rates
Economic Studies Division of theOesterreichische Nationalbank study the impact of political information on exchange rates.In this interdisciplinary approach the authors combine theoretical results from the field of political science with those of economics to develop stylized facts about the impact of democratic institutions on economic equilibration.The authors develop several competing propositions about how political equilibration affects curr…
Religious Activity and Depression among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons with Cancer: The Moderating Effect of Race
The analyses lend support to the hypothesis that religious activity is a strong predictor of depression in elderly adults with cancer. This finding, however, is not as strong as we had anticipated
Elections and Civil War in Africa
The view that multiparty elections in changing authoritarian regimes should be held sooner rather than later has been increasingly under attack. Critics argue that, under conditions of low institutional development, multiparty elections may lead to violence and civil war, rather than to the peaceful allocation of authority that everyone desires. Starting from the premise that elections are strategically timed and endogenous in transitioning autho…
Social Correlates of the Dimensions of Depression in the Elderly
Few investigations of the social correlates of depressive symptomatology have addressed variation in the correlates across multiple dimensions of depression scales. We examined the relationships of selected social, clinical, and demographic correlates with four dimensions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in 3,401 community-dwelling elders in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. These correlates explained significan…
Spatial- and Spatiotemporal-Autoregressive Probit Models of Interdependent Binary Outcomes
Spatial/spatiotemporal interdependence—that is, that outcomes, actions or choices of some unit-times depend on those of other unit-times—is substantively important and empirically ubiquitous in binary outcomes of interest across the social sciences. Estimating and interpreting binary-outcome models that incorporate such spatial/spatiotemporal dynamics directly is difficult and rarely attempted, however. This article explains the inferential chall…
Exchange Rate Volatility and Democratization in Emerging Market Countries
We examine some of the consequences of financial globalization for democratization in emerging market economies by focusing on the currency markets of four Asian countries at different stages of democratic development. Using political data of various kinds—including a new events data series—and the Markov regime switching model from empirical macroeconomics, we show that in young and incipient democracies politics continuously causes changes in t…
Modeling History Dependence in Network-Behavior Coevolution
Spatial interdependence—the dependence of outcomes in some units on those in others—is substantively and theoretically ubiquitous and central across the social sciences. Spatial association is also omnipresent empirically. However, spatial association may arise from three importantly distinct processes:common exposureof actors to exogenous external and internal stimuli, interdependence of outcomes/behaviors across actors (contagion), and/or the p…
Democracies May Rarely Fight One Another, but Developed Socialist States Rarely Fight at All
During the Cold War, US students of international relations paid relatively little attention to second image explanations of war.1 In recent years, though, one can clearly discern a growing emphasis on studying state structure and national attributes as causes of international outcomes. In particular, many recent studies focused on empirical investigations of the war/peace-proneness of countries. In these studies, little systematic evidence was f…
Do We Really Know the WTO Cures Cancer
This article uses a replication experiment of ninety-four specifications from sixteen different studies to show the severity of the problem of selection on unobservables. Using a variety of approaches, it shows that membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization has a significant effect on a surprisingly high number of dependent variables (34 per cent) that have little or no theoretical relationship to the WTO. …
Patterns of Religious Practice and Belief in the Last Year of Life
Community studies of respondents in their last year of life are rare. In this sample, religious involvement appears to continue throughout the last months of life
STADL Up! The Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model for TSCS Data Analysis
Time-series cross-section (TSCS) data are prevalent in political science, yet many distinct challenges presented by TSCS data remain underaddressed. We focus on how dependence in both space and time complicates estimating either spatial or temporal dependence, dynamics, and effects. Little is known about how modeling one of temporal or cross-sectional dependence well while neglecting the other affects results in TSCS analysis. We demonstrate anal…
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
"Aging, Health, and the "Electronic Church
We tested whether elders substitute religious media use for church attendance when health declines (using multidimensional disengagement theory) with data from a multiracial, population-based sample in the Bible Belt (N = 2,971). In adjusted models, 3-year declines in functional status were significantly associated with concurrent reduction in frequency of church attendance but not with any change in rates of religious media (TV/radio) use. Age-r…
Accounting for Right Censoring in Interdependent Duration Analysis
Duration data are often subject to various forms of censoring that require adaptations of the likelihood function to properly capture the data generating process, but existing spatial duration models do not yet account for these potential issues. Here, we develop a method to estimate spatial-lag duration models when the outcome suffers from right censoring, the most common form of censoring. We adapt Wei and Tanner's (1991) imputation algorithm f…
Memory Complaint as a Predictor of Cognitive Decline: A Comparison of African American and White Elders
Of a representative, racially mixed community sample of older adults in North Carolina, 59% of Whites and 49% of African Americans reported worsening memory. The complaint about memory was positively correlated with age, depressive symptomatology, and physical function but not with level of cognitive function as measured by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) at baseline. In a controlled analysis of longitudinal data, initial S…
Taxing the Tails in a Global Economy: How Electoral, Party and Wage Bargaining Systems Interact to Determine the Taxes Paid by the Poor and Rich
A prominent line of research on electoral systems and income redistribution argues that proportional representation (PR) leads to tax-and-transfer policies that benefit the poor at the expense of the rich. This is because PR produces encompassing center-left coalitions that protect the poor and middle classes. Yet countries with PR electoral systems tend to rely heavily on consumption taxes and tax profits lightly, both of which are inconsistent …
Black-White and Urban-Rural Differences in Stability of Household Composition among Elderly Persons
The dynamic nature of household composition in a population of elderly persons, with particular focus on Black-White and urban-rural differences, is described in this study. The Duke EPESE is a stratified, random household sample (N = 4,162) of elderly persons in a five-county mixed urban-rural area of North Carolina with respondents contacted annually to report on health and social factors. Between 1986 and 1990, 35 percent of the households und…
Black-White and Urban-Rural Differences in Stability of Household Composition among Elderly Persons
The dynamic nature of household composition in a population of elderly persons, with particular focus on Black-White and urban-rural differences, is described in this study. The Duke EPESE is a stratified, random household sample (N = 4,162) of elderly persons in a five-county mixed urban-rural area of North Carolina with respondents contacted annually to report on health and social factors. Between 1986 and 1990, 35 percent of the households und…
Cohesiveness and Coherence: Religion and the Health of the Elderly
Modeling the Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Religion, Physical Health, Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms
Attendance at Religious Services, Interleukin-6, and other Biological Parameters of Immune Function in Older Adults
OBJECTIVE: First, to examine and explain the relationship between religious service attendance and plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and second, to examine the relationship between religious attendance and other immune-system regulators and inflammatory substances. METHODS: During the third in-person interview (1992) of the Establishment of Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) project, Duke site, 1718 subjects age sixty-…
Sibling Bereavement in Late Life
Elders are more likely to confront the death of a sibling than any other kinship bereavement. Yet we know almost nothing about the impact of sibling deaths on older adults. We used attachment theory to generate hypotheses about the impact of this life event on physical health, mood, social support, and economic outcomes in late life. At the Duke University site of a large multi-center epidemiologic study (EPESE), 3173 elderly community-dwellers p…
Memory Complaint as a Predictor of Cognitive Decline: A Comparison of African American and White Elders
Of a representative, racially mixed community sample of older adults in North Carolina, 59% of Whites and 49% of African Americans reported worsening memory. The complaint about memory was positively correlated with age, depressive symptomatology, and physical function but not with level of cognitive function as measured by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) at baseline. In a controlled analysis of longitudinal data, initial S…
Democracies May Rarely Fight One Another, but Developed Socialist States Rarely Fight at All
During the Cold War, US students of international relations paid relatively little attention to second image explanations of war.1 In recent years, though, one can clearly discern a growing emphasis on studying state structure and national attributes as causes of international outcomes. In particular, many recent studies focused on empirical investigations of the war/peace-proneness of countries. In these studies, little systematic evidence was f…
Religion and the Survival of 1010 Hospitalized Veterans
"Aging, Health, and the "Electronic Church
We tested whether elders substitute religious media use for church attendance when health declines (using multidimensional disengagement theory) with data from a multiracial, population-based sample in the Bible Belt (N = 2,971). In adjusted models, 3-year declines in functional status were significantly associated with concurrent reduction in frequency of church attendance but not with any change in rates of religious media (TV/radio) use. Age-r…
Religious Activity and Depression among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons with Cancer: The Moderating Effect of Race
The analyses lend support to the hypothesis that religious activity is a strong predictor of depression in elderly adults with cancer. This finding, however, is not as strong as we had anticipated
Social Correlates of the Dimensions of Depression in the Elderly
Few investigations of the social correlates of depressive symptomatology have addressed variation in the correlates across multiple dimensions of depression scales. We examined the relationships of selected social, clinical, and demographic correlates with four dimensions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in 3,401 community-dwelling elders in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. These correlates explained significan…
Does Religious Attendance Prolong Survival? A Six-Year Follow-Up Study of 3,968 Older Adults
METHODS: A probability sample of 3,968 community-dwelling adults aged 64-101 years residing in the Piedmont of North Carolina was surveyed in 1986 as part of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) program of the National Institutes of Health. Attendance at religious services and a wide variety of sociodemographic and health variables were assessed at baseline. Vital status of members was then determined p…
Democracy and Markets: The Case of Exchange Rates
Economic Studies Division of theOesterreichische Nationalbank study the impact of political information on exchange rates.In this interdisciplinary approach the authors combine theoretical results from the field of political science with those of economics to develop stylized facts about the impact of democratic institutions on economic equilibration.The authors develop several competing propositions about how political equilibration affects curr…
The epidemiology of religious coping: A review of recent literature
Studies of religious coping have increased dramatically over the past few years. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of religious coping. In studies employing a wide variety of methods, religious coping was found to be common across samples, and was predicted by social, personal, and situational factors. Religious coping had implications for physical health, psychological well-being, health b…
Patterns of Religious Practice and Belief in the Last Year of Life
Community studies of respondents in their last year of life are rare. In this sample, religious involvement appears to continue throughout the last months of life
Apoe ε4 as a Predictor of Subjective Quality of Life in a Biracial Older Person Community Sample
This study is among the first to explore the association of the epsilon4 allele with overall QOL. Considered from a public health perspective, these findings challenge the uncritical assumption that the presence of this susceptibility gene in the population implies an excess burden of poor QOL. The findings do not contradict the previous association of epsilon4 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions. Such conditions continue to merit …
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
Globalization and Capital Taxation in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies
This article contributes to the growing literature on the role that domestic political institutions play in mediating globalization pressures by arguing that the capital tax constraints arising from international economic integration are the most severe for countries with majoritarian political institutions. In doing so, the author solves a tax puzzle that challenges conventional thinking about how institutions condition the relationship between …
Exchange Rate Volatility and Democratization in Emerging Market Countries
We examine some of the consequences of financial globalization for democratization in emerging market economies by focusing on the currency markets of four Asian countries at different stages of democratic development. Using political data of various kinds—including a new events data series—and the Markov regime switching model from empirical macroeconomics, we show that in young and incipient democracies politics continuously causes changes in t…
A Review of Spiritual and Religious Measures in Nursing Research Journals: 1995--1999
Government Spending and Public Support for Trade in the OECD: An Empirical Test of the Embedded Liberalism Thesis
According to the embedded liberalism thesis, governments committed to free trade provide insurance and other transfers to compensate those who lose economically from expanded trade. The goal of this spending is to maintain public support for trade liberalization. We provide a micro-level test of the critical assumption behind the embedded liberalism thesis that government programs designed to protect individuals harmed by imports reduce oppositio…
Strategic Interaction among EU Governments in Active Labor Market Policy-making: Subsidiarity and Policy Coordination under the European Employment Strategy
The European Union (EU) recently committed to becoming ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world.’ Active labor market (ALM) policies are a critical part of the European Employment Strategy (EES) – the plan designed to achieve this objective. ALM policies entail several possible externalities that, spilling across national boundaries, may create incentives for European governments to free ride off the efforts of their…
Spatial Econometric Models of Cross-Sectional Interdependence in Political Science Panel and Time-Series-Cross-Section Data
In this paper, we demonstrate the econometric consequences of different specification and estimation choices in the analysis of spatially interdependent data and show how to calculate and present spatial effect estimates substantively. We consider four common estimators—nonspatial OLS, spatial OLS, spatial 2SLS, and spatial ML. We examine analytically the respective omitted-variable and simultaneity biases of nonspatial OLS and spatial OLS in the…
Contagion, Common Exposure, and Selection: Empirical Modeling of the Theories and Substance of Interdependence in Political Science
Interdependence in Comparative Politics: Substance, Theory, Empirics, Substance
Interdependence is ubiquitous and often central across comparative politics. Indeed, as the authors show first, theoretically, any situation involving externalities from one unit's actions on others' implies interdependence. Positive or negative externalities induce negative or positive interdependence, which spurs competitive races or free riding, with corresponding early or late-mover advantages, and thus strategic rush to act or delay and inac…
Economics (20 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Political science (16 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Politics (10 works) · Econometrics (9 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works)