Christopher Bratt
Biographic Data
| ID | 263165 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christopher Bratt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christopher |
| FAMILY NAME | Bratt |
| SIGNATURE | BRATT C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kent |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5838-8739 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 98 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Ageism is not just about age
> 14,000, ages 18-93, with diverse ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model of generalized discrimination across domains: discrimination based on age, gender, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, health/disability, and financial situation (comparative fit index = .994; root mean square error of approximation = .030). Structural equation modeling then distinguished generalized from a…
Benefits of a Pragmatic Approach
Can aggregated composite scores be used to compare countries or other groups despite measurement non-invariance? We propose a pragmatic approach, emphasizing that measurement invariance is valuable but not strictly necessary for all such comparisons. For descriptive analyses of group differences, composite scores may outperform factor-analytic approaches, because they are more intuitive and can capture multiple dimensions. Using data from the Eur…
Caring for older parents in Norway - How does it affect labor market participation and absence from work
As the population ages, younger generations will increasingly be called upon to provide informal care to their aging parents. To prepare for this development, it is essential to understand how employees combine the dual responsibilities of work and caring for aging parents. By analyzing data collected in Norway in 2022 from a nationally representative sample of 6049 respondents, aged 35 to 67, we investigated how caring for older parents affects …
Is it racism? The belief in cultural superiority across Europe
Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Ana…
Supporting the old but neglecting the young? The two faces of ageism
Ageism is the most prevalent form of prejudice and is experienced by both older and younger people. Little is known about whether these experiences are interdependent or have common origins. We analyze data from 8,117 older (aged 70 and over) and 11,647 younger respondents (15-29 years) in representative samples from 29 countries in the European Social Survey. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we test the hypothesis that older people…
Perceived age discrimination across age in Europe
Ageism is recognized as a significant obstacle to older people's well-being, but age discrimination against younger people has attracted less attention. We investigate levels of perceived age discrimination across early to late adulthood, using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), collected in 29 countries (N = 56,272). We test for approximate measurement invariance across countries. We use local structural equation modeling as well as mod…
One of few or one of many
Feeling belongingness with small social groups such as the family or a group of friends predicts psychological well-being. Acculturation research has argued for similar effects of belongingness with large social groups. In particular, a strong ethnic identity is assumed to improve psychological well-being among members of minority groups, but this conclusion has been drawn based on cross-sectional data. This study uses three-wave longitudinal dat…
Perceived Age Discrimination as a Mediator of the Association Between Income Inequality and Older People’s Self-Rated Health in the European Region
Concrete instances of age discrimination in unequal societies are an important psychosocial stressor for older people. Awareness that the perception of ageism can be an important stressor and affect older patient's self-reported health has important implications for the way health practitioners understand and treat the sources of patient's health problems in later life
Subjective Social Status of Older People Across Countries
The proportion of older people who are employed is an important factor that is related to perceptions of the social status of older people in less modern societies. The individual and societal implications are discussed, specifically in relation to policies promoting active aging
Revisiting the Paradox of Well-being
The findings clarify the relationship between age and SWB by demonstrating that the paradox of well-being is conditional on the economic context. Implications for individual- and country-level strategies for successful aging are discussed
Why Men (and Women) Do and Don’t Rebel
Three studies examined the hypothesis that system justification is negatively associated with collective protest against ingroup disadvantage. Effects of uncertainty salience, ingroup identification, and disruptive versus nondisruptive protest were also investigated. In Study 1, college students who were exposed to an uncertainty salience manipulation and who scored higher on system justification were less likely to protest against the government…
What will the others think? In‐group norms as a mediator of the effects of intergroup contact
The influence of social norms in the context of intergroup relations has long been recognized by social psychologists, yet research on intergroup contact and social norms have usually remained disconnected. We explored the influence of direct and indirect friendship on attitudes towards ethnic minorities in Norway, and in particular the role of in‐group norms about the social approval of intergroup contact as a mechanism that distinguishes direct…
The Jigsaw classroom under test
Two quasi‐experiments with intervention and control classes investigated effects of the Jigsaw classroom on intergroup relations, with 11 years old in grade 6 (Study 1) and 13–15 years old in grades 8–10 (Study 2). Both studies investigated developments in majority members' outgroup attitudes, intergroup friendship and empathy. They also investigated attitudes towards school among all the students. Study 2 added assessments of common ingroup iden…
Guardians to Counter Adolescent Drug Use? Limitations of a Routine Activities Approach
Based on suggestions made by routine activities theory and data from two surveys, the present study discusses the use of adult guardians as a means to counter drug use among adolescents who seek out unsupervised routine activities with peers. Two surveys with 13- to 15-year-olds were conducted 4 years apart in a Norwegian town ( Ns = 1,455 and 1,552). Prior to the second survey, adult guardians (social workers and voluntary guardians) were introd…
The Structure of Attitudes Toward Non-Western Immigrant Groups
The study investigated the structure of outgroup attitudes among adolescents from the majority group in Norway ( N > 1100), using confirmatory factor analysis. Five non-Western immigrant groups were used as attitude objects. The analysis found that attitudes toward the five outgroups could be seen as dependent on two strongly correlated second-order factors. Two alternative models of second-order factors gained support, while the structure of out…
Fights among Adolescents from the Ethnic Majority and from Immigrant Groups
Fighting among adolescents was tested for association with alcohol/drug use and out-of-home activities without adult control (such as 'hanging out' on the streets). A survey was used to collect data from the majority of 13 to 15-year-olds in a Norwegian town ( N> 1400). Structural equation modelling resulted in a high regression weight for the latent variable of participation in out-of-home activities (beta = 0.54), supporting routine activities …
Contact and Attitudes Between Ethnic Groups
Intergroup attitudes in a Norwegian town were investigated based on a survey with 12 to 16 year-old adolescents. Members of the ethnic majority group ( n > 1,100) and members of a minority group (ethnic Turks, n = 54) were studied. Two smaller immigrant groups (Pakistanis and Vietnamese) were used as additional attitude objects. The study demonstrated the expected association between outgroup friendships and more favourable outgroup attitudes. Ex…
Perceived age discrimination across age in Europe
Ageism is recognized as a significant obstacle to older people's well-being, but age discrimination against younger people has attracted less attention. We investigate levels of perceived age discrimination across early to late adulthood, using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), collected in 29 countries (N = 56,272). We test for approximate measurement invariance across countries. We use local structural equation modeling as well as mod…
Supporting the old but neglecting the young? The two faces of ageism
Ageism is the most prevalent form of prejudice and is experienced by both older and younger people. Little is known about whether these experiences are interdependent or have common origins. We analyze data from 8,117 older (aged 70 and over) and 11,647 younger respondents (15-29 years) in representative samples from 29 countries in the European Social Survey. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we test the hypothesis that older people…
The Structure of Attitudes Toward Non-Western Immigrant Groups
The study investigated the structure of outgroup attitudes among adolescents from the majority group in Norway ( N > 1100), using confirmatory factor analysis. Five non-Western immigrant groups were used as attitude objects. The analysis found that attitudes toward the five outgroups could be seen as dependent on two strongly correlated second-order factors. Two alternative models of second-order factors gained support, while the structure of out…
Revisiting the Paradox of Well-being
The findings clarify the relationship between age and SWB by demonstrating that the paradox of well-being is conditional on the economic context. Implications for individual- and country-level strategies for successful aging are discussed
Subjective Social Status of Older People Across Countries
The proportion of older people who are employed is an important factor that is related to perceptions of the social status of older people in less modern societies. The individual and societal implications are discussed, specifically in relation to policies promoting active aging
Contact and Attitudes Between Ethnic Groups
Intergroup attitudes in a Norwegian town were investigated based on a survey with 12 to 16 year-old adolescents. Members of the ethnic majority group ( n > 1,100) and members of a minority group (ethnic Turks, n = 54) were studied. Two smaller immigrant groups (Pakistanis and Vietnamese) were used as additional attitude objects. The study demonstrated the expected association between outgroup friendships and more favourable outgroup attitudes. Ex…
Is it racism? The belief in cultural superiority across Europe
Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Ana…
One of few or one of many
Feeling belongingness with small social groups such as the family or a group of friends predicts psychological well-being. Acculturation research has argued for similar effects of belongingness with large social groups. In particular, a strong ethnic identity is assumed to improve psychological well-being among members of minority groups, but this conclusion has been drawn based on cross-sectional data. This study uses three-wave longitudinal dat…
Perceived Age Discrimination as a Mediator of the Association Between Income Inequality and Older People’s Self-Rated Health in the European Region
Concrete instances of age discrimination in unequal societies are an important psychosocial stressor for older people. Awareness that the perception of ageism can be an important stressor and affect older patient's self-reported health has important implications for the way health practitioners understand and treat the sources of patient's health problems in later life
Fights among Adolescents from the Ethnic Majority and from Immigrant Groups
Fighting among adolescents was tested for association with alcohol/drug use and out-of-home activities without adult control (such as 'hanging out' on the streets). A survey was used to collect data from the majority of 13 to 15-year-olds in a Norwegian town ( N> 1400). Structural equation modelling resulted in a high regression weight for the latent variable of participation in out-of-home activities (beta = 0.54), supporting routine activities …
The Jigsaw classroom under test
Two quasi‐experiments with intervention and control classes investigated effects of the Jigsaw classroom on intergroup relations, with 11 years old in grade 6 (Study 1) and 13–15 years old in grades 8–10 (Study 2). Both studies investigated developments in majority members' outgroup attitudes, intergroup friendship and empathy. They also investigated attitudes towards school among all the students. Study 2 added assessments of common ingroup iden…
Guardians to Counter Adolescent Drug Use? Limitations of a Routine Activities Approach
Based on suggestions made by routine activities theory and data from two surveys, the present study discusses the use of adult guardians as a means to counter drug use among adolescents who seek out unsupervised routine activities with peers. Two surveys with 13- to 15-year-olds were conducted 4 years apart in a Norwegian town ( Ns = 1,455 and 1,552). Prior to the second survey, adult guardians (social workers and voluntary guardians) were introd…
Contact and Attitudes Between Ethnic Groups
Intergroup attitudes in a Norwegian town were investigated based on a survey with 12 to 16 year-old adolescents. Members of the ethnic majority group ( n > 1,100) and members of a minority group (ethnic Turks, n = 54) were studied. Two smaller immigrant groups (Pakistanis and Vietnamese) were used as additional attitude objects. The study demonstrated the expected association between outgroup friendships and more favourable outgroup attitudes. Ex…
Fights among Adolescents from the Ethnic Majority and from Immigrant Groups
Fighting among adolescents was tested for association with alcohol/drug use and out-of-home activities without adult control (such as 'hanging out' on the streets). A survey was used to collect data from the majority of 13 to 15-year-olds in a Norwegian town ( N> 1400). Structural equation modelling resulted in a high regression weight for the latent variable of participation in out-of-home activities (beta = 0.54), supporting routine activities …
The Structure of Attitudes Toward Non-Western Immigrant Groups
The study investigated the structure of outgroup attitudes among adolescents from the majority group in Norway ( N > 1100), using confirmatory factor analysis. Five non-Western immigrant groups were used as attitude objects. The analysis found that attitudes toward the five outgroups could be seen as dependent on two strongly correlated second-order factors. Two alternative models of second-order factors gained support, while the structure of out…
The Jigsaw classroom under test
Two quasi‐experiments with intervention and control classes investigated effects of the Jigsaw classroom on intergroup relations, with 11 years old in grade 6 (Study 1) and 13–15 years old in grades 8–10 (Study 2). Both studies investigated developments in majority members' outgroup attitudes, intergroup friendship and empathy. They also investigated attitudes towards school among all the students. Study 2 added assessments of common ingroup iden…
Guardians to Counter Adolescent Drug Use? Limitations of a Routine Activities Approach
Based on suggestions made by routine activities theory and data from two surveys, the present study discusses the use of adult guardians as a means to counter drug use among adolescents who seek out unsupervised routine activities with peers. Two surveys with 13- to 15-year-olds were conducted 4 years apart in a Norwegian town ( Ns = 1,455 and 1,552). Prior to the second survey, adult guardians (social workers and voluntary guardians) were introd…
What will the others think? In‐group norms as a mediator of the effects of intergroup contact
The influence of social norms in the context of intergroup relations has long been recognized by social psychologists, yet research on intergroup contact and social norms have usually remained disconnected. We explored the influence of direct and indirect friendship on attitudes towards ethnic minorities in Norway, and in particular the role of in‐group norms about the social approval of intergroup contact as a mechanism that distinguishes direct…
Why Men (and Women) Do and Don’t Rebel
Three studies examined the hypothesis that system justification is negatively associated with collective protest against ingroup disadvantage. Effects of uncertainty salience, ingroup identification, and disruptive versus nondisruptive protest were also investigated. In Study 1, college students who were exposed to an uncertainty salience manipulation and who scored higher on system justification were less likely to protest against the government…
Perceived Age Discrimination as a Mediator of the Association Between Income Inequality and Older People’s Self-Rated Health in the European Region
Concrete instances of age discrimination in unequal societies are an important psychosocial stressor for older people. Awareness that the perception of ageism can be an important stressor and affect older patient's self-reported health has important implications for the way health practitioners understand and treat the sources of patient's health problems in later life
Subjective Social Status of Older People Across Countries
The proportion of older people who are employed is an important factor that is related to perceptions of the social status of older people in less modern societies. The individual and societal implications are discussed, specifically in relation to policies promoting active aging
Revisiting the Paradox of Well-being
The findings clarify the relationship between age and SWB by demonstrating that the paradox of well-being is conditional on the economic context. Implications for individual- and country-level strategies for successful aging are discussed
One of few or one of many
Feeling belongingness with small social groups such as the family or a group of friends predicts psychological well-being. Acculturation research has argued for similar effects of belongingness with large social groups. In particular, a strong ethnic identity is assumed to improve psychological well-being among members of minority groups, but this conclusion has been drawn based on cross-sectional data. This study uses three-wave longitudinal dat…
Perceived age discrimination across age in Europe
Ageism is recognized as a significant obstacle to older people's well-being, but age discrimination against younger people has attracted less attention. We investigate levels of perceived age discrimination across early to late adulthood, using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), collected in 29 countries (N = 56,272). We test for approximate measurement invariance across countries. We use local structural equation modeling as well as mod…
Supporting the old but neglecting the young? The two faces of ageism
Ageism is the most prevalent form of prejudice and is experienced by both older and younger people. Little is known about whether these experiences are interdependent or have common origins. We analyze data from 8,117 older (aged 70 and over) and 11,647 younger respondents (15-29 years) in representative samples from 29 countries in the European Social Survey. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we test the hypothesis that older people…
Is it racism? The belief in cultural superiority across Europe
Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Ana…
Caring for older parents in Norway - How does it affect labor market participation and absence from work
As the population ages, younger generations will increasingly be called upon to provide informal care to their aging parents. To prepare for this development, it is essential to understand how employees combine the dual responsibilities of work and caring for aging parents. By analyzing data collected in Norway in 2022 from a nationally representative sample of 6049 respondents, aged 35 to 67, we investigated how caring for older parents affects …
Benefits of a Pragmatic Approach
Can aggregated composite scores be used to compare countries or other groups despite measurement non-invariance? We propose a pragmatic approach, emphasizing that measurement invariance is valuable but not strictly necessary for all such comparisons. For descriptive analyses of group differences, composite scores may outperform factor-analytic approaches, because they are more intuitive and can capture multiple dimensions. Using data from the Eur…
Ageism is not just about age
> 14,000, ages 18-93, with diverse ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model of generalized discrimination across domains: discrimination based on age, gender, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, health/disability, and financial situation (comparative fit index = .994; root mean square error of approximation = .030). Structural equation modeling then distinguished generalized from a…
Psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (6 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (6 works) · Ethnic group (5 works) · Aging and Gerontology Research (4 works) · Demographic economics (4 works)