T H Stark
Biographic Data
| ID | 26665 |
|---|---|
| NAME | T H Stark |
| GIVEN NAMES | T H |
| FAMILY NAME | Stark |
| SIGNATURE | STARK T H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3163-5776 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 338 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Introducing Vina
We introduce VINA (Visual Interface for Network Assessment), an open-source software tool designed to collect quantitative social network data in an intuitive, engaging, and ethically responsible manner. VINA is developed to remain clear and scalable on small screens, regardless of the number of reported social relations. As a result, it is the first graphical interface that allows researchers to collect cognitive social structures (i.e., percept…
Outgroup friendships and social influence in the development of adolescent attitudes toward secondary outgroups
2,559), we found no evidence that having more primary outgroup friends was associated with a change in secondary outgroup attitudes; instead, adolescents' attitudes became more similar over time to those of their primary outgroup friends. Study 3, a simulation, further showed that social influence can lead to either more positive or more negative attitudes toward secondary outgroups. Thus, friendships with primary outgroup members may have negati…
How does ethnic minority youth's dual self‐identification affect the formation of interethnic ties in friendship networks
In an increasingly ethnically diverse Europe, this study examined the potential of dual identifiers, those identifying with both a national majority and an ethnic minority, such as German-Turkish individuals, to facilitate integration. As members of two groups, dual identifiers may be in the advantageous position to form more interethnic connections in ethnically diverse social networks. We propose that dual identifiers' intergroup behavior and t…
To Be Bicultural Is to Be Friends? Associating Early Adolescents' Cultural Identities and Behaviors With Friendship Networks in Minority‐Only Schools
Many ethnic minoritized adolescents attend minority‐only schools with no ethnic majoritized classmates, but we know little about their acculturation and friendships in such settings. This study examined how early adolescents' heritage and mainstream cultural identities and behaviors associated with friendship ties in minority‐only class networks. Early adolescents ( N = 146, M age = 11.24, 54.4% boys) in minority‐only primary schools reported the…
How Do Personal Opinions Relate to Online Expressions? An Experimental Study Among Muslim Minority Groups in The Netherlands
There has been much debate about how cultural differences between ethnic groups may affect the cohesion of multicultural societies. Still, we know little about the extent to which cultural differences between groups also materialize into behavioral differences, especially in online settings. To study this, we conducted an experiment in which second-generation Moroccan and Turkish Dutch participants first indicated their personal opinion on sexual…
Trends of Friends – Time dynamics of Surface- and Deep- level traits in friendship formation and maintenance
People become friends with one another primarily due to things they have in common, like shared demographic characteristics or shared interests. But on what similarities are people becoming friends at different stages of knowing one another? To study this, we use a longitudinal dataset that followed a cohort of students of one study programme at a Swiss technical university. We model how demographic traits of nationality and gender, and less obse…
Addressing Bribery and Associated Social Norms in Healthcare
Practices of bribery in the delivery of public services become entrenched when they are driven by social norms of reciprocity. The resulting economies of favours, which are common across diverse geographical regions, are resilient to conventional anti‐corruption measures because they are underpinned by strong social pressures. This article describes the results of a behaviour change intervention to address gift‐giving as a form of bribery in a Ta…
Overcoming barriers to interreligious peace
Preferences to interact with similar others are a barrier to positive intergroup contact and, thus, peaceful intergroup relations. A growing literature investigated what shapes contact preferences but more research on changeable factors that can be targeted by interventions is needed. In this article, we focused on preferences for interacting with religiously similar others. To create an interface between practice and research, our hypotheses on …
My Interests Are (Y)ours? A Multilevel Social Network Analysis of the Co-Evolution of Adolescents’ Interests and Friendships
Both interests and peer relations are crucial for adolescents in finding out who they are and want to be as a person. Yet, our knowledge of the co-evolution of friendships and interests is limited to studies focusing on single interest domains and/or practices predetermined by researchers. A total of 1599 Dutch adolescents participated in this study, which employs a unique design to examine the co-evolution of all participant-defined interests an…
Understanding causes of adolescents' ascriptions of peers' dual ethnic and national belonging
Descendants of migrants often feel belonging to the ethnic minority group of their parents and the national group (i.e., dual identifiers). If second‐generation migrants are recognized as members of both groups, they can create social bridges and improve intergroup relations. However, people often ascribe them only minority belonging, thereby not recognizing dual belonging. Following the social identity approach, we examined who ascribes dual bel…
The interplay of misperceptions and willingness to share opinions in full classroom networks
Critical Inclusiveness
Additive and multiplicative effects of different forms of positive and negative indirect intergroup contact in predicting intergroup attitudes
Numerous studies found that different forms of positive indirect intergroup contact relate to people’s intergroup attitudes. Much less work has explored whether negative forms of indirect contact predict intergroup attitudes and even less evidence exists on the co-occurrence of direct and indirect forms of intergroup contact and, thus, the expected joint impact of a combination of interventions. We explore the additive effects of four types of in…
Interreligious contact and attitudes in Togo and Sierra Leone
Rising religious violence makes it imperative to develop strategies to foster and preserve interreligious peace. We examine the role of descriptive and injunctive pro-mixing ingroup norms in explaining interreligious contact and, indirectly, more favorable interreligious attitudes. Ingroup norms have been argued to affect intergroup contact independently of individual preferences through mechanisms of social control, and indirectly via internaliz…
The influence of group membership on online expressions and polarization on a discussion platform
Despite much attention for group polarization in online environments, little is known about how group membership affects online behavior. We designed an online platform where ethnic minority and majority users in the Netherlands participated in discussions about controversial topics (homosexuality and abortion). Participants were randomly assigned to either progressive, conservative, or mixed discussions on these topics, which were ostensibly hel…
Reprint of
Attitudes towards homosexuality among ethnic majority and minority adolescents in Western Europe
Ethnic minorities from more traditional countries tend to hold more conservative views towards homosexuality compared to the ethnic majority population in Western Europe. Assimilation theory predicts that this difference diminishes over time because of exposure and contact between these groups. The role of ethnic classroom composition in this process of cultural assimilation is poorly understood. Therefore, this article examines the role of the c…
Americans’ Attitudes toward the Affordable Care Act
How do people form their attitudes toward complex policy issues? Although there has long been an assumption that people consider the various components of those issues and come to an overall assessment, a growing body of recent work has instead suggested that people may reach summary judgments as a function of heuristic cues and goal-oriented rationalizations. This study examines how well a component-based model fits Americans’ evaluations of the…
The Impact of Social Desirability Pressures on Whites' Endorsement of Racial Stereotypes
In the last 60 years, the proportion of white Americans expressing anti-black prejudice in face-to-face survey interviews has declined dramatically. To test whether social desirability pressures affect the expression of anti-black prejudice, we analyzed a within-subjects experiment in the 2008 American National Election Study in which white respondents first reported their endorsement of stereotypes of blacks confidentially via audio computer-ass…
Effects of smartphone use and recall aids on network name generator questions
Predicting data quality of proxy reports in egocentric network studies
Explaining the relationship between socio-economic status and interethnic friendships
Interethnic contact is important for social cohesion and has been shown to vary with people’s socio-economic status (SES). There is some evidence that SES has opposite effects on interethnic contact for non-Western ethnic minorities and for majority members in Western countries. Whereas minority members with a higher SES tend to have more contact with natives, natives with a higher SES tend to have less inter-ethnic contact. To replicate and furt…
Understanding (in)tolerance of Muslim minority practices
Research has examined tolerance of Muslim minority practices and anti-Muslim sentiments. We go beyond the existing research by applying latent profile analyses (LPA) on majority member’s evaluations of a range of Muslim practices and their feelings toward Muslims. We found five different subgroups of individuals among a sample of Dutch majority members (N = 831): a group that is positive towards Muslims and their practices (‘positive’), a group t…
The Meeting of Minds
How are social and intellectual relations structured and given shape within research universities? To answer these questions, we test to what extent various theoretically predicted processes explain the dynamics of academics’ networks of collaboration and shared language use in a unique longitudinal data set (1994 to 2005) of 2,631 faculty at a large private American university. Using the latest advances in stochastic actor-oriented models (in RS…
Rejecting Muslim or Christian religious practices in five West European countries
Rejection of Muslim religious practices in West European societies is typically explained by prejudicial feelings towards Muslims as a group. However, although people can oppose Muslim religious practices because they feel negatively towards Muslims as a group, they might also have more general reasons for doing so. By simultaneously considering multiple religious acts (wearing religious symbols and following religious education in public schools…
What motivates a conspiracy theory? Birther beliefs, partisanship, liberal-conservative ideology, and anti-Black attitudes
The Double Edge of Common Interest
How can we reduce ethnic friendship segregation in ethnically heterogeneous schools? The Common Ingroup Identity Model suggests that interethnic friendships are promoted by those intervention programs that focus on the interests students have in common. The authors argue that the outcome of these common interest interventions may crucially depend on sufficient consensus in participants' opinions regarding the shared interest. Such an intervention…
Media Sport Stars
Status‐Based Influence Processes
This study examined whether classroom norms based on status explained between‐class variations in selection processes and particularly influence processes on adolescents’ risk attitudes in a sample of 1092 adolescents (age 12–13) across 47 classrooms. Based on the association between status (popularity) and risk attitudes ( norm salience ), it was hypothesized that risk attitudes would proliferate more via peer influence processes in classes with…
Are there differences in ethnic majority and minority adolescents' friendships preferences and social influence with regard to their academic achievement
Research has established that adolescents both befriend peers based on their academic achievement and adjust their own achievement to that of their friends' over time. However, these processes may be different for ethnic minority students, because some of them may adhere to an oppositional culture that rejects striving for academic success. We examine respective differences between self-identified ethnic minority and majority students using longi…
Who is most influential? Adolescents’ intergroup attitudes and peer influence within a social network
Research has shown that adolescents’ intergroup attitudes are subject to friends’ influence, but it remains unknown if certain friends are more influential than others. Popular adolescents may be especially influential of their friends’ intergroup attitudes because they can set peer norms. We examined several indicators of popularity in social networks as possible determinants of social influence: sociometric popularity, prestige popularity, bein…
Extended intergroup friendships within social settings
The current study hypothesized that extended intergroup friendships improve outgroup attitudes in particular for people with initially unfavorable outgroup attitudes, and for those without direct intergroup friendships. In contrast, building on structural balance theory, it was hypothesized that extended contact in small social settings may also be related to less favorable outgroup attitudes. Hypotheses were tested longitudinally among Dutch stu…
Friendships and outgroup attitudes among ethnic minority youth
Liking and disliking minority-group classmates
Negative Intergroup Contact and Radical Right‐Wing Voting
This study examines whether negative contact with immigrants promotes voting for radical right‐wing parties, to what extent this relationship can be explained by feelings of outgroup threat, and whether this relationship depends on perceived personal and collective self‐efficacy. Hypotheses were tested among 630 native Dutch respondents, mainly living in multicultural neighborhoods. The results show that negative contact with immigrants is associ…
The Meeting of Minds
How are social and intellectual relations structured and given shape within research universities? To answer these questions, we test to what extent various theoretically predicted processes explain the dynamics of academics’ networks of collaboration and shared language use in a unique longitudinal data set (1994 to 2005) of 2,631 faculty at a large private American university. Using the latest advances in stochastic actor-oriented models (in RS…
Rejecting Muslim or Christian religious practices in five West European countries
Rejection of Muslim religious practices in West European societies is typically explained by prejudicial feelings towards Muslims as a group. However, although people can oppose Muslim religious practices because they feel negatively towards Muslims as a group, they might also have more general reasons for doing so. By simultaneously considering multiple religious acts (wearing religious symbols and following religious education in public schools…
The relation between ethnic classroom composition and adolescents’ ethnic pride
This study investigated how students’ ethnic pride was related to variation in ethnic composition between classrooms as well as within the same classroom over time. Predictions derived from optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) were tested among 13- to 14-year-old ethnic majority and minority students ( N = 1,123). Lending support to ODT, a curvilinear relation between the share of same-ethnicity classmates and students’ ethnic pride was found in …
Understanding the Selection Bias
Research has found that prejudiced people avoid friendships with members of ethnic outgroups. Results of this study suggest that this effect is mediated by a social network process. Longitudinal network analysis of a three-wave panel study of 12- to 13-year-olds (N = 453) found that more prejudiced majority group members formed fewer intergroup friendships than less prejudiced majority group members. This was caused indirectly by the preference t…
Attitudes towards homosexuality among ethnic majority and minority adolescents in Western Europe
Ethnic minorities from more traditional countries tend to hold more conservative views towards homosexuality compared to the ethnic majority population in Western Europe. Assimilation theory predicts that this difference diminishes over time because of exposure and contact between these groups. The role of ethnic classroom composition in this process of cultural assimilation is poorly understood. Therefore, this article examines the role of the c…
Explaining the relationship between socio-economic status and interethnic friendships
Interethnic contact is important for social cohesion and has been shown to vary with people’s socio-economic status (SES). There is some evidence that SES has opposite effects on interethnic contact for non-Western ethnic minorities and for majority members in Western countries. Whereas minority members with a higher SES tend to have more contact with natives, natives with a higher SES tend to have less inter-ethnic contact. To replicate and furt…
Effects of smartphone use and recall aids on network name generator questions
Indirect contact in social networks
According to the extended contact hypothesis, direct intergroup contact is not necessary for prejudice reduction; it suffices to know that ingroup friends have outgroup friends. However, extended contact is typically measured in a way that does not clarify whether people know the outgroup friend of their ingroup friend or whether they are even direct friends. A social network approach is used to compare extended contact when ingroup friends’ outg…
The Impact of Social Desirability Pressures on Whites' Endorsement of Racial Stereotypes
In the last 60 years, the proportion of white Americans expressing anti-black prejudice in face-to-face survey interviews has declined dramatically. To test whether social desirability pressures affect the expression of anti-black prejudice, we analyzed a within-subjects experiment in the 2008 American National Election Study in which white respondents first reported their endorsement of stereotypes of blacks confidentially via audio computer-ass…
Understanding (in)tolerance of Muslim minority practices
Research has examined tolerance of Muslim minority practices and anti-Muslim sentiments. We go beyond the existing research by applying latent profile analyses (LPA) on majority member’s evaluations of a range of Muslim practices and their feelings toward Muslims. We found five different subgroups of individuals among a sample of Dutch majority members (N = 831): a group that is positive towards Muslims and their practices (‘positive’), a group t…
To Be Bicultural Is to Be Friends? Associating Early Adolescents' Cultural Identities and Behaviors With Friendship Networks in Minority‐Only Schools
Many ethnic minoritized adolescents attend minority‐only schools with no ethnic majoritized classmates, but we know little about their acculturation and friendships in such settings. This study examined how early adolescents' heritage and mainstream cultural identities and behaviors associated with friendship ties in minority‐only class networks. Early adolescents ( N = 146, M age = 11.24, 54.4% boys) in minority‐only primary schools reported the…
The influence of group membership on online expressions and polarization on a discussion platform
Despite much attention for group polarization in online environments, little is known about how group membership affects online behavior. We designed an online platform where ethnic minority and majority users in the Netherlands participated in discussions about controversial topics (homosexuality and abortion). Participants were randomly assigned to either progressive, conservative, or mixed discussions on these topics, which were ostensibly hel…
Addressing Bribery and Associated Social Norms in Healthcare
Practices of bribery in the delivery of public services become entrenched when they are driven by social norms of reciprocity. The resulting economies of favours, which are common across diverse geographical regions, are resilient to conventional anti‐corruption measures because they are underpinned by strong social pressures. This article describes the results of a behaviour change intervention to address gift‐giving as a form of bribery in a Ta…
Overcoming barriers to interreligious peace
Preferences to interact with similar others are a barrier to positive intergroup contact and, thus, peaceful intergroup relations. A growing literature investigated what shapes contact preferences but more research on changeable factors that can be targeted by interventions is needed. In this article, we focused on preferences for interacting with religiously similar others. To create an interface between practice and research, our hypotheses on …
Understanding causes of adolescents' ascriptions of peers' dual ethnic and national belonging
Descendants of migrants often feel belonging to the ethnic minority group of their parents and the national group (i.e., dual identifiers). If second‐generation migrants are recognized as members of both groups, they can create social bridges and improve intergroup relations. However, people often ascribe them only minority belonging, thereby not recognizing dual belonging. Following the social identity approach, we examined who ascribes dual bel…
L'Immigration etrangere en Suisse a l'heure de l'integration europeenne (Foreign Immigration into Switzerland at the Time of European Integration)
Views of Non‐Governmental Organizations on Family Migration
Media Sport Stars
The Double Edge of Common Interest
How can we reduce ethnic friendship segregation in ethnically heterogeneous schools? The Common Ingroup Identity Model suggests that interethnic friendships are promoted by those intervention programs that focus on the interests students have in common. The authors argue that the outcome of these common interest interventions may crucially depend on sufficient consensus in participants' opinions regarding the shared interest. Such an intervention…
Who is bullying whom in ethnically diverse primary schools? Exploring links between bullying, ethnicity, and ethnic diversity in Dutch primary schools
Extended intergroup friendships within social settings
The current study hypothesized that extended intergroup friendships improve outgroup attitudes in particular for people with initially unfavorable outgroup attitudes, and for those without direct intergroup friendships. In contrast, building on structural balance theory, it was hypothesized that extended contact in small social settings may also be related to less favorable outgroup attitudes. Hypotheses were tested longitudinally among Dutch stu…
Status‐Based Influence Processes
This study examined whether classroom norms based on status explained between‐class variations in selection processes and particularly influence processes on adolescents’ risk attitudes in a sample of 1092 adolescents (age 12–13) across 47 classrooms. Based on the association between status (popularity) and risk attitudes ( norm salience ), it was hypothesized that risk attitudes would proliferate more via peer influence processes in classes with…
Disentangling the relation between young immigrants’ host country identification and their friendships with natives
Understanding the Selection Bias
Research has found that prejudiced people avoid friendships with members of ethnic outgroups. Results of this study suggest that this effect is mediated by a social network process. Longitudinal network analysis of a three-wave panel study of 12- to 13-year-olds (N = 453) found that more prejudiced majority group members formed fewer intergroup friendships than less prejudiced majority group members. This was caused indirectly by the preference t…
Friendships and outgroup attitudes among ethnic minority youth
What motivates a conspiracy theory? Birther beliefs, partisanship, liberal-conservative ideology, and anti-Black attitudes
Liking and disliking minority-group classmates
The density of social networks moderates effects of intergroup contact
Gensi
The relation between ethnic classroom composition and adolescents’ ethnic pride
This study investigated how students’ ethnic pride was related to variation in ethnic composition between classrooms as well as within the same classroom over time. Predictions derived from optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) were tested among 13- to 14-year-old ethnic majority and minority students ( N = 1,123). Lending support to ODT, a curvilinear relation between the share of same-ethnicity classmates and students’ ethnic pride was found in …
Are there differences in ethnic majority and minority adolescents' friendships preferences and social influence with regard to their academic achievement
Research has established that adolescents both befriend peers based on their academic achievement and adjust their own achievement to that of their friends' over time. However, these processes may be different for ethnic minority students, because some of them may adhere to an oppositional culture that rejects striving for academic success. We examine respective differences between self-identified ethnic minority and majority students using longi…
Indirect contact in social networks
According to the extended contact hypothesis, direct intergroup contact is not necessary for prejudice reduction; it suffices to know that ingroup friends have outgroup friends. However, extended contact is typically measured in a way that does not clarify whether people know the outgroup friend of their ingroup friend or whether they are even direct friends. A social network approach is used to compare extended contact when ingroup friends’ outg…
Who is most influential? Adolescents’ intergroup attitudes and peer influence within a social network
Research has shown that adolescents’ intergroup attitudes are subject to friends’ influence, but it remains unknown if certain friends are more influential than others. Popular adolescents may be especially influential of their friends’ intergroup attitudes because they can set peer norms. We examined several indicators of popularity in social networks as possible determinants of social influence: sociometric popularity, prestige popularity, bein…
Negative Intergroup Contact and Radical Right‐Wing Voting
This study examines whether negative contact with immigrants promotes voting for radical right‐wing parties, to what extent this relationship can be explained by feelings of outgroup threat, and whether this relationship depends on perceived personal and collective self‐efficacy. Hypotheses were tested among 630 native Dutch respondents, mainly living in multicultural neighborhoods. The results show that negative contact with immigrants is associ…
The Meeting of Minds
How are social and intellectual relations structured and given shape within research universities? To answer these questions, we test to what extent various theoretically predicted processes explain the dynamics of academics’ networks of collaboration and shared language use in a unique longitudinal data set (1994 to 2005) of 2,631 faculty at a large private American university. Using the latest advances in stochastic actor-oriented models (in RS…
Rejecting Muslim or Christian religious practices in five West European countries
Rejection of Muslim religious practices in West European societies is typically explained by prejudicial feelings towards Muslims as a group. However, although people can oppose Muslim religious practices because they feel negatively towards Muslims as a group, they might also have more general reasons for doing so. By simultaneously considering multiple religious acts (wearing religious symbols and following religious education in public schools…
Generalization of Classic Question Order Effects Across Cultures
Questionnaire design is routinely guided by classic experiments on question form, wording, and context conducted decades ago. This article explores whether two question order effects (one due to the norm of evenhandedness and the other due to subtraction or perceptual contrast) appear in surveys of probability samples in the United States and 11 other countries (Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, …
Predicting data quality of proxy reports in egocentric network studies
Explaining the relationship between socio-economic status and interethnic friendships
Interethnic contact is important for social cohesion and has been shown to vary with people’s socio-economic status (SES). There is some evidence that SES has opposite effects on interethnic contact for non-Western ethnic minorities and for majority members in Western countries. Whereas minority members with a higher SES tend to have more contact with natives, natives with a higher SES tend to have less inter-ethnic contact. To replicate and furt…
Understanding (in)tolerance of Muslim minority practices
Research has examined tolerance of Muslim minority practices and anti-Muslim sentiments. We go beyond the existing research by applying latent profile analyses (LPA) on majority member’s evaluations of a range of Muslim practices and their feelings toward Muslims. We found five different subgroups of individuals among a sample of Dutch majority members (N = 831): a group that is positive towards Muslims and their practices (‘positive’), a group t…
Psychology (34 works) · Social Psychology (33 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Ethnic group (13 works) · Political science (12 works) · Friendship (11 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works)