Ola Listhaug
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 267401 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ola Listhaug |
| PRENOMES | Ola |
| SOBRENOME | Listhaug |
| ASSINATURA | LISTHAUG O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1140 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Collected Essays
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Islam, religiosity, and immigrant political action in Western Europe
Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia
List of Figures Preface About the Authors Introduction S.P.Ramet PART I: VALUES & AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Civic Virtues, Liberal Values, and the Civic Culture S.P.Ramet Macedonian Values in a European Perspective K.Ringdal, A. Simkus & O.Listhaug Values of Albanians and Macedonians in Comparison H.Jashari & A.Simkus Macedonia and the EU: Reshaping Social Values in Fluid Times S.Bianchini PART II: THE SYSTEM Constitutional Engineering and Institut…
Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia
It can happen here
Autonomism and Decentralization in Serbia's Regions
In this special issue, four scholars examine issues of autonomism and decentralization in three regions of Serbia: Vojvodina, the Preševo triangle (or Preševo Valley), and Sandžak.The fi rst article in this set is Jovan Komšić's contribution on autonomism in Vojvodina.Although autonomism in Vojvodina may be traced back to the founding of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes after the close of World War I, it was only in the 1960s, Komšić no…
The publics' concern for global warming
This article relies on data from the 2005-09 World Values Survey to examine individual and cross-national variation in perception of the seriousness of global warming. The data show that a large majority of the public in all countries are concerned about the problem of global warming and that this assessment is part of a broader concern for global environmental issues. The widespread concern implies that global warming has the potential to genera…
Issue ownership, unemployment and support for government intervention
In this article an examination is made of the association between unemployment and public demand for government intervention in the economy. The main hypothesis is drawn from the theory of issue ownership: public opinion is likely to shift to the left in times of high unemployment combined with a leftist government. Research on issue ownership has typically focused on case studies of particular countries. We extend the discussion to a much larger…
Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two
Microfoundations of Civil Conflict Reconciliation
Comparative work on reconstruction and peace building in war-torn countries is dominated by a macro-oriented approach, focusing on structural political reforms, legal issues, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of (rebel) soldiers, and repatriation of the displaced. This article offers a different perspective, examining micro-level determinants of reconciliation. Earlier research indicates that political attitudes in post–ethnic conflic…
Patterns of Ethnic Intolerance in Europe
Civic and Uncivic Values
Discusses Serbia’s struggle for democratic values after the fall of the Milošević regime provoked by the NATO war, and after the trauma caused by the secession of Kosovo. Are the value systems of the post-Milošević era true stumbling blocks of a delayed transition of this country? Seventeen contributors from Norway, Serbia, Italy, Germany, Poland and some other European countries covered a broad range of topics in order to provide answers to this…
Ethnic and Linguistic Minorities and Political Participation in Europe
Understanding the political behavior of ethnic minorities is important for their integration in contemporary European societies. We compare the political participation rates of ethnic and linguistic minorities to those of the majority population using data from the 2002—03 European Social Survey which covers 21 countries in Europe. Using a broad index of participation, we show that the differences between minority and majority groups are virtuall…
Democratic Values, Ethnic Competition, and Electoral Participation in Bosnia
Experiences of the 1992-95 war left a lasting impression on the population of the former Yugoslavia. In this article, the authors have investigated whether or not wartime experiences had an effect on democratic participation in the post-war polity by analyzing social and ethnic variations in voter turnout in Bosnia. They hypothesize that if turnout levels vary significantly across the same cleavages that produced the 1992-95 war, we must conclude…
Was There a Decline in Ethnic Polarization in Macedonia Between 2003 and 2005? Results from a National Panel Analysis
Article Was There a Decline in Ethnic Polarization in Macedonia Between 2003 and 2005? Results from a National Panel Analysis was published on January 1, 2010 in the journal Comparative Southeast European Studies (volume 58, issue 1)
Institutional Variation and Political Support
The institutionalist turn in political science has become so strong that it is unlikely that many scholars would question that institutions matter. At the same time it is quite obvious that there is an imbalance between theory and empirical research. It is easier to find arguments in favor of institutional effects than to observe systematic evidence in support of such effects. The lack of appropriate empirical research is especially striking in t…
Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe
Disaggregating Public Opinion on the Ethnic Conflict in Macedonia
This article presents a multilevel analysis of the variation in Macedonian public opinion on two key issues: (1) perceptions of the causes of the conflict during 2001; and (2) support for the rapid implementation of the Ohrid agreement, which was a vital part of the end of hostilities. This analysis disaggregates the differences among Macedonians on these issues on the basis of a three-level model where the municipalities constitute the highest l…
Civic Decline? Trends in Political Involvement and Participation in Norway, 1965–2001
Electoral turnout in Norway has been declining over a long period for local elections and, at the four most recent Storting elections, turnout has been at a lower level than in the preceding 25 years. This article investigates whether the fall in turnout generalises to other forms of political participation and political involvement. Data from the Norwegian Election Studies 1965–2001 and the Norwegian Values Studies 1982–1996 are analysed. In con…
Simulating Models of Issue Voting
How should one analyze data when the underlying models being tested are statistically intractable? In this article, we offer a simulation approach that involves creating sets of artificial data with fully known generating models that can be meaningfully compared to real data. The strategy depends on constructing simulations that are well matched to the data against which they will be compared. Our particular concern is to consider concurrently ho…
Citizens' Perceptions of Human Rights Practices
Human rights abuses occur regularly around the world, affecting millions of citizens each year. Unfortunately, few studies have sought to examine the structure and role domestic perceptions play when such abuses transpire. The purpose of this article is to investigate the macro- and micro-level factors that shape the dynamics of human rights perceptions. The authors argue that perceptions are shaped not only by the human rights conditions within …
Public Opinion on the Role of Religion in Political Leadership
Are there significant variations across major religious faiths about the proper political roles of religion? Using recent World Values/European Values data from 63 countries we study the attitudes of mass publics on two separate aspects of this question. First, should religious beliefs be used as a criterion for selecting political leaders (dimension I)? Second, should religious leaders use their position for political influence (dimension II)? F…
Losers' Consent
'Losers' Consent' shows how being able to accept losing is one of the central requirements of democracy, and provides a major new contribution to our understanding of political legitimacy comparative political behaviour, and democratic stability
Elections and War
Oil wealth dissatisfaction and political trust in Norway
Recent scholarship has proposed a resource curse hypothesis arguing that an abundance of natural resources stimulates dysfunctional economic policy choices and rent-seeking, creates conflicts over the distribution of wealth, and, ultimately, can lead to civil war. Norway has attempted to avoid the resource curse by using state institutions to bring oil wealth under political control, including a strong government involvement in the production of …
Political Parties and Confidence in Government
Comparable survey data from Norway, Sweden and the United States are used to examine trends in political trust for the period 1964–86. During the early part of that period trust declined in all three countries; later it recovered for Norway but continued to plummet in Sweden and the United States. Three major features of the party system are hypothesized to explain the difference in these trends for the three countries. These features are: the st…
Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe
Issues and Party Support in Multiparty Systems
We investigate the relationship between party issue position and mass evaluation of political parties in multiparty systems. In so doing, we engage two competing theories of mass-elite linkage: the directional theory and the traditional spatial theory of elections. The alternate models are evaluated with survey data gathered in Norway in 1989. The data collection is unique in providing extensive information on the issue positions of all parties w…
Political Sophistication and Models of Issue Voting
Does political sophistication influence the way in which voters use issues in evaluating parties and candidates? We consider two models of mass-elite linkage: the traditional spatial model, which conceives of issues as continua of policy options, and the directional model, which conceives of issues as simple dichotomies. The traditional model is more cognitively demanding and is the implicit model of journalists and political elites. We would exp…
On Attempting to Rehabilitate the Proximity Model
In a recent article, Westholm (1997) critiques the directional theory of issue voting and seeks to rehabilitate the proximity model. He contends that the theories must be assessed by how well they predict choice, and that in choice-based tests the proximity model is superior. Both of these contentions are wrong. Westholm's empirical results are artifacts of his use of an issue index. Once different issues are allowed to have different impact, dir…
New Players in an Old Game
This article compares two spatial models of party competition: (a) the traditional proximity model and (b) the directional model of voter choice. The article first lays out the differences between the two models in multiparty systems. The traditional proximity model makes no clear prediction about the spatial structure of political parties; the directional model predicts that optimal placement for parties will be along the circumference of a circ…
The publics' concern for global warming
This article relies on data from the 2005-09 World Values Survey to examine individual and cross-national variation in perception of the seriousness of global warming. The data show that a large majority of the public in all countries are concerned about the problem of global warming and that this assessment is part of a broader concern for global environmental issues. The widespread concern implies that global warming has the potential to genera…
A Comparative Spatial Analysis of European Party Systems
This article examines mass perceptions of political parties in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, West Germany, the Netherlands and France. For each country we construct a map in which the parties, voters, and demographic groups are located to provide a visual and spatial overview of the structure of electoral competition. Two dimensions are adequate for displaying the main ideological cleavages in each of the countries. In each case there is a strong left…
It can happen here
Referendum Voting Behavior
left-right locations do not have much political meaning for British voters (Butler and Stokes, 1969), even though comparatively large numbers of them will assign themselves an abstract left-right location when asked to do so (Inglehart and Klingemann, 1976; Barnes and Kaase, 1979). Norwegians have never been asked to locate themselves on a purely left-right scale, although at Norwegian electoral study of 1977 they were asked to rate themselves on…
Microfoundations of Civil Conflict Reconciliation
Comparative work on reconstruction and peace building in war-torn countries is dominated by a macro-oriented approach, focusing on structural political reforms, legal issues, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of (rebel) soldiers, and repatriation of the displaced. This article offers a different perspective, examining micro-level determinants of reconciliation. Earlier research indicates that political attitudes in post–ethnic conflic…
Single Cases or a Unique Pair? The Swiss and Norwegian ‘No’ to Europe
This article compares the Swiss and Norwegian European policies. It combines an analysis of the sectoral interests among the elite, based on a qualification of Katzenstein's small‐state/flexible adjustment thesis, and an analysis of the referendum behaviour, based on survey data. At the first level, it shows that the structure of each state's economic dependence on the European Union (EU), on the one hand, and the threat of liberalization among d…
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway
In the 1994 EU referendum a majority of Norwegian voters rejected membership in the European Union. The outcome contrasts with victories for membership in the corresponding referendums in Austria, Finland and Sweden. The article reports a preliminary investigation of factors relating to the support for “no”. Analysis of aggregate data (representing 435 municipalities) and survey data demonstrates the importance of traditional cleavages as well as…
Sophistry versus Science
There are three principal grounds for comparing directional and proximity theory-their predictions of evaluation, choice, and party system structure. When the theories have been compared on each of these criteria, the results have favored directional theory. Westholm's defense of the proximity model relies on replacing the formal models he purports to be testing with analytic models that incorporate subjective party placements. Subjective placeme…
Ethnic and Linguistic Minorities and Political Participation in Europe
Understanding the political behavior of ethnic minorities is important for their integration in contemporary European societies. We compare the political participation rates of ethnic and linguistic minorities to those of the majority population using data from the 2002—03 European Social Survey which covers 21 countries in Europe. Using a broad index of participation, we show that the differences between minority and majority groups are virtuall…
Policy Preferences and Political Distrust
Many modern democracies have experienced a decrease in citizen support for government in recent decades. This article examines attitudes toward public policy as a plausible theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The connection between public policy and support for the political regime has received considerable academic attention in the United States. Yet very little comparative work has examined whether citizens' policy preferences are rela…
Ideology and party support in comparative perspective
From the original Downs (1957) conceptualization to the Enelow and Hinich (1984) reformulation, ideology has been the key organizing dimension for electoral competition in the spatial model. The unidimensional spatial model is best suited to responsible multiparty systems where left‐right position is known to be an important determinant of individual political behaviour. We contrast the traditional spatial model with the directional model recentl…
Citizens' Perceptions of Human Rights Practices
Human rights abuses occur regularly around the world, affecting millions of citizens each year. Unfortunately, few studies have sought to examine the structure and role domestic perceptions play when such abuses transpire. The purpose of this article is to investigate the macro- and micro-level factors that shape the dynamics of human rights perceptions. The authors argue that perceptions are shaped not only by the human rights conditions within …
The Gender Gap in Norwegian Voting Behaviour
In the period 1957‐81 women in Norway voted less frequently for the socialist parties than did men. In most recent years this pattern has changed so that women are now more likely than men to support the socialist bloc. This shift has been especially strong among the younger and the more educated women. In the younger age group the polarization by gender is also very striking; women have moved to the left and men to the right. While changing demo…
Islam, religiosity, and immigrant political action in Western Europe
Confidence in Institutions
This article reports on an analyses of factors related to confidence in institutions The data are from the 1982 Norwegian Values Study It turns out that the unidimensionality of confidence is strong, but there is some tendency that confidence in social order comes out as a separate dimension in a factor analysis. Using two dependent variables in the analysis, one measuring overall confidence in institutions and one focusing on the confidence in t…
Simulating Models of Issue Voting
How should one analyze data when the underlying models being tested are statistically intractable? In this article, we offer a simulation approach that involves creating sets of artificial data with fully known generating models that can be meaningfully compared to real data. The strategy depends on constructing simulations that are well matched to the data against which they will be compared. Our particular concern is to consider concurrently ho…
Oil wealth dissatisfaction and political trust in Norway
Recent scholarship has proposed a resource curse hypothesis arguing that an abundance of natural resources stimulates dysfunctional economic policy choices and rent-seeking, creates conflicts over the distribution of wealth, and, ultimately, can lead to civil war. Norway has attempted to avoid the resource curse by using state institutions to bring oil wealth under political control, including a strong government involvement in the production of …
Comparative Public Opinion on Distributive Justice
The Thatcher and Reagan revolutions initiated a decade of pro-market reforms in a large number of countries. The decade of liberalism was capped by the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe. In the countries where the Left remained in power, most notably in the form of social democracy, a similar shift was observed - reforms that abolished state ownership and government regulation and introduced market principles were introduced. In many countr…
Issue Perceptions of Parties and Candidates
We examine how clearly citizens in Norway and the United States perceive the ideology and issue positions of parties and candidates. Following in the tradition of Campbell & Valen (1966) and Granberg & Holmberg (1988). we ask: Does the political system matter? We also consider the role of individual sophistication and whether sophistication has different consequences in the two cultural setting. Across a broad range of issues, we find that citize…
Socialization, Life Course, and Ideological Involvement
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of political socialization and life course on the ideological involvement of two cohorts of Norwegian men. Our main thesis is that socialization in a period dominated by political and social conflicts will produce a higher level of ideological involvement than socialization in a period with a low level of political and social conflicts. But the higher level of ideological involvement can be modif…
Sex, Resources, and Political Participation
This article discusses the impact of sex and resources on political participation. The independent variables in the causal model are sex, education, organizational membership, and political involvement. Two measures of participation are used: frequency of voting and campaign participation. The results show that organization membership is the most important resource of participation. Organization is the only resource to have both indirect and dire…
Status Attainment in Urban and Rural Labour Markets
The article reports on a study of status attainment in urban and rural labour markets. The model includes the following variables: occupational status of father, mental ability, education, occupational status, and income. The data were collected from a cohort study of Norwegian males The main results document that a status attainment model of the Wisconsin type gives different results for groups that have had their life courses in an urban as com…
Referendum Voting Behavior
left-right locations do not have much political meaning for British voters (Butler and Stokes, 1969), even though comparatively large numbers of them will assign themselves an abstract left-right location when asked to do so (Inglehart and Klingemann, 1976; Barnes and Kaase, 1979). Norwegians have never been asked to locate themselves on a purely left-right scale, although at Norwegian electoral study of 1977 they were asked to rate themselves on…
Economic effects on the vote in Norway
Confidence in Institutions
This article reports on an analyses of factors related to confidence in institutions The data are from the 1982 Norwegian Values Study It turns out that the unidimensionality of confidence is strong, but there is some tendency that confidence in social order comes out as a separate dimension in a factor analysis. Using two dependent variables in the analysis, one measuring overall confidence in institutions and one focusing on the confidence in t…
The Gender Gap in Norwegian Voting Behaviour
In the period 1957‐81 women in Norway voted less frequently for the socialist parties than did men. In most recent years this pattern has changed so that women are now more likely than men to support the socialist bloc. This shift has been especially strong among the younger and the more educated women. In the younger age group the polarization by gender is also very striking; women have moved to the left and men to the right. While changing demo…
Public Support for Tax Evasion
The literature suggests two major theoretical explanations for public resistance to taxation. The first emphasizes a cognitive, instrumental, utility‐maximizing response to objective elements of taxation and government spending. The second treats contemporary tax revolts as the result of more enduring ideological predispositions, disaffection from politics in general and the result of social mobilization by anti‐government protagonists. In this a…
The Norwegian parliamentary election of 1985
War and Defence Attitudes
This article presents the empirical findings of attitudes towards war and defence from 14 countries as measured by the International Values Study in 1981-82. The US shows the highest level of fear that the country will be involved in a major war within the next five years. Hungary, the single Eastern Euro pean nation included, records a very low level of fear of war involvement, and is in this regard, close to Norway and Sweden. Hungary, Norway, …
A Comparative Spatial Analysis of European Party Systems
This article examines mass perceptions of political parties in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, West Germany, the Netherlands and France. For each country we construct a map in which the parties, voters, and demographic groups are located to provide a visual and spatial overview of the structure of electoral competition. Two dimensions are adequate for displaying the main ideological cleavages in each of the countries. In each case there is a strong left…
Political Parties and Confidence in Government
Comparable survey data from Norway, Sweden and the United States are used to examine trends in political trust for the period 1964–86. During the early part of that period trust declined in all three countries; later it recovered for Norway but continued to plummet in Sweden and the United States. Three major features of the party system are hypothesized to explain the difference in these trends for the three countries. These features are: the st…
Macrovalues
The macrovalues of the Nordic countries are generally seen as dominated by leftism (especially a strong egalitarianism), high level of life salisfactions, and weak religiosity. Using data from the EVSSG World Values Study we present some empirical evidence relating to these propositions. We find no support for the claim that leftism is dominant, while support for the other two theses is fairly strong We speculate that the failing support for left…
New Players in an Old Game
This article compares two spatial models of party competition: (a) the traditional proximity model and (b) the directional model of voter choice. The article first lays out the differences between the two models in multiparty systems. The traditional proximity model makes no clear prediction about the spatial structure of political parties; the directional model predicts that optimal placement for parties will be along the circumference of a circ…
Issues and Party Support in Multiparty Systems
We investigate the relationship between party issue position and mass evaluation of political parties in multiparty systems. In so doing, we engage two competing theories of mass-elite linkage: the directional theory and the traditional spatial theory of elections. The alternate models are evaluated with survey data gathered in Norway in 1989. The data collection is unique in providing extensive information on the issue positions of all parties w…
Ideology and Political Alienation
A substantial literature over the years has focused on the relationship between political alienation and ideology. Much of this research contends that conservatives are more alienated than liberals because philosophically they believe that the best government is that which governs least. A close reading of the literature, however, reveals little consistency in the empirical findings. Survey data from Norway, Sweden, and the United States are used…
Issue Perceptions of Parties and Candidates
We examine how clearly citizens in Norway and the United States perceive the ideology and issue positions of parties and candidates. Following in the tradition of Campbell & Valen (1966) and Granberg & Holmberg (1988). we ask: Does the political system matter? We also consider the role of individual sophistication and whether sophistication has different consequences in the two cultural setting. Across a broad range of issues, we find that citize…
Ideology and party support in comparative perspective
From the original Downs (1957) conceptualization to the Enelow and Hinich (1984) reformulation, ideology has been the key organizing dimension for electoral competition in the spatial model. The unidimensional spatial model is best suited to responsible multiparty systems where left‐right position is known to be an important determinant of individual political behaviour. We contrast the traditional spatial model with the directional model recentl…
Political Sophistication and Models of Issue Voting
Does political sophistication influence the way in which voters use issues in evaluating parties and candidates? We consider two models of mass-elite linkage: the traditional spatial model, which conceives of issues as continua of policy options, and the directional model, which conceives of issues as simple dichotomies. The traditional model is more cognitively demanding and is the implicit model of journalists and political elites. We would exp…
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway
In the 1994 EU referendum a majority of Norwegian voters rejected membership in the European Union. The outcome contrasts with victories for membership in the corresponding referendums in Austria, Finland and Sweden. The article reports a preliminary investigation of factors relating to the support for “no”. Analysis of aggregate data (representing 435 municipalities) and survey data demonstrates the importance of traditional cleavages as well as…
Single Cases or a Unique Pair? The Swiss and Norwegian ‘No’ to Europe
This article compares the Swiss and Norwegian European policies. It combines an analysis of the sectoral interests among the elite, based on a qualification of Katzenstein's small‐state/flexible adjustment thesis, and an analysis of the referendum behaviour, based on survey data. At the first level, it shows that the structure of each state's economic dependence on the European Union (EU), on the one hand, and the threat of liberalization among d…
Issue competition in the 1993 Norwegian national election
On Attempting to Rehabilitate the Proximity Model
In a recent article, Westholm (1997) critiques the directional theory of issue voting and seeks to rehabilitate the proximity model. He contends that the theories must be assessed by how well they predict choice, and that in choice-based tests the proximity model is superior. Both of these contentions are wrong. Westholm's empirical results are artifacts of his use of an issue index. Once different issues are allowed to have different impact, dir…
Policy Preferences and Political Distrust
Many modern democracies have experienced a decrease in citizen support for government in recent decades. This article examines attitudes toward public policy as a plausible theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The connection between public policy and support for the political regime has received considerable academic attention in the United States. Yet very little comparative work has examined whether citizens' policy preferences are rela…
Political Performance and Institutional Trust
Previous chapters have demonstrated that low and declining citizen respect for government institutions and political leaders is characteristic of contemporary industrialized societies. Evidence since the early 1970s reveals a trend toward growing distrust of government institutions in a number of countries. While this trend is evident, the interpretation of this phenomenon has proved far more controversial. One explanation focuses upon public dis…
Political science (50 obras) · Law (40 obras) · Politics (40 obras) · Economics (36 obras) · Law (34 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (27 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Political economy (24 obras) · Psychology (17 obras) · Norwegian (13 obras)