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Javier J Amores

Biographic Data

ID269092
NAMEJavier J Amores
GIVEN NAMESJavier J
FAMILY NAMEAmores
SIGNATUREAMORES J J
AFFILIATIONSUniversidad de Salamanca
ORCID0000-0001-7856-5392
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS12
TOTAL CITATIONS40
AUTHOR COUNT12
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2017
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX3
  • Political communication on gender and sexuality on Twitter/X in Spain (2015–2023): An AI-assisted analysis of sentiment, toxicity and hate speech as drivers of engagement

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Manuel Escudero-Garrido et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

    Recent surges in anti-feminist and anti-LGBTIQ+ narratives in Spain, especially amplified on social media such as Twitter (now X), raise substantive questions about how political parties communicate about gender and sexuality and how platform dynamics reward such messaging about parties’ online communication strategies. This article presents a longitudinal, comparative analysis of 4,504 tweets posted by the official accounts of Spain’s main parti…

  • Deals, domestication, and disasters: Results of a comparative content analysis of migration coverage in 15 African and European countries

    Open Access•Susanne Fengler, Merle van Berkum et al.•ARTICLE•Journalism•2026

    Migration has re-emerged as a central political issue across Africa and Europe, yet comparative research continues to privilege European perspectives and rarely incorporates the heterogeneity of African media systems. This study addresses this gap through a systematic content analysis of 1871 online news articles from 30 outlets in 15 African and European countries (2023-2024). We examine form, content, and evaluative dimensions of migration repo…

  • Toxicity levels in Spanish political communication on Twitter/X: A comparative analysis of major political parties, 2015–2023

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, William González-Baquero et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Political Science•2025•References: 13

    Introduction Social media, especially Twitter (now X), have long since become integral to the communication strategies of political parties, providing a direct and agile medium for interaction with the public and dissemination of messages. But this digital omnipresence also poses worrying challenges, such as the polarisation of political discourse. Several studies have explored the communication strategies of political parties on social media, as…

  • What is the nature of the racist and xenophobic hate speech disseminated on social media in Southern Europe? Topic modelling of anti-immigration messages posted on X and YouTube in Spain, Italy and Gr…

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón•ARTICLE•Communication & Society•2025•Cited by: 1

    One of the greatest challenges facing democratic societies today is hate speech, that spreads massively and uncontrollably through social media. particularly racist and xenophobic speech, the category of discrimination in which most hate crimes are recorded annually in Southern Europe. In this context, many studies have already focused on analysing hate on X (formerly Twitter), but few have studied other platforms or specifically focused on messa…

  • Racismo, discursos de odio y migraciones en el contexto de los medios de comunicación y las plataformas digitales

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, María Cristina Fuentes Lara et al.•ARTICLE•Anuario electrónico de estudios…•2024

    Editorial: Volumen 17, Número 1 (Enero-Junio, 2024)

  • The Conversation around Islam on Twitter: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Tweets about the Muslim Community in Spain since 2015

    Open Access•William González-Baquero, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Religions•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 16

    Social media, especially Twitter, has become a platform where hate, toxic, intolerant, and discriminatory speech is increasingly spread. These messages are aimed at different vulnerable social groups, due to some of their differentiating characteristics with respect to the dominant one, whether they are phenotypic, religious, cultural, gender, sexual, etc. Of all these minorities, one of the most affected is the Muslim community, especially since…

  • Hate speech and social acceptance of migrants in Europe: Analysis of tweets with geolocation

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Patricia Sánchez-Holgado et al.•ARTICLE•Comunicar•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 2

    Hate speech against vulnerable groups is acknowledged as a serious problem for integration and respect for the social diversity existing within the territory of the European Union. The growth of this type of discourse has been supported by the expansion of social media, which have been proven to act as a mechanism for the propagation of crimes against targets such as migrants and refugees, one of the main affected groups. That is why we have cond…

  • Online Hate Speech and Immigration Acceptance: A Study of Spanish Provinces

    Open Access•Patricia Sánchez-Holgado, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    Online hate speech against migrants and refugees poses a grave challenge for coexistence and democracy. However, it also offers an opportunity to measure social acceptance towards this group. Using the Intergroup Contact and the Mediated Intergroup Contact Theory, and an already validated methodology, this article seeks to validate whether the use of hate speech as a predictor of social acceptance is valid at a provincial level in Spain. Contrast…

  • Evolution of negative visual frames of immigrants and refugees in the main media of Southern Europe

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2020•Cited by: 7•References: 23

    The Mediterranean migration crisis especially affects three Southern European countries that represent the main gateways into the continent for immigrants and asylum seekers: Spain, Italy, and Greece. In recent years, feelings of rejection towards migration have been increasing in all of them, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the number of hate crimes. Similarly, the representation of these groups in European news media seems to have wor…

  • The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Gender Issues•2020•Cited by: 11•References: 26

  • Visual frames of migrants and refugees in the main Western European media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Economics & Sociology•2019•Cited by: 3

    This work analyses the denotative and connotative visual framing of migrants and refugees in European media during the migration crisis in Europe in general and in the Mediterranean in particular. The main objective is to identify the differences between Germany, the country that receives the most asylum requests, and other Western Europe countries (Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom). The second goal is to detect temporal differences be…

  • Análisis supervisado de sentimientos políticos en español: Clasificación en tiempo real de tweets basada en aprendizaje automático

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Félix Ortega Mohedano et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 2

    This article describes and evaluates the application of the supervised sentiment analysis in political communication through a real-time classifier of political opinions in Spanish tweets using machine learning techniques, both on a local computer and using distributed computing for big data problems. We describe the associated emerging methods and techniques and analyze the opportunities that these innovations represent for political communicati…

  • Hate speech and social acceptance of migrants in Europe: Analysis of tweets with geolocation

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Patricia Sánchez-Holgado et al.•ARTICLE•Comunicar•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 2

    Hate speech against vulnerable groups is acknowledged as a serious problem for integration and respect for the social diversity existing within the territory of the European Union. The growth of this type of discourse has been supported by the expansion of social media, which have been proven to act as a mechanism for the propagation of crimes against targets such as migrants and refugees, one of the main affected groups. That is why we have cond…

  • The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Gender Issues•2020•Cited by: 11•References: 26

  • Evolution of negative visual frames of immigrants and refugees in the main media of Southern Europe

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2020•Cited by: 7•References: 23

    The Mediterranean migration crisis especially affects three Southern European countries that represent the main gateways into the continent for immigrants and asylum seekers: Spain, Italy, and Greece. In recent years, feelings of rejection towards migration have been increasing in all of them, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the number of hate crimes. Similarly, the representation of these groups in European news media seems to have wor…

  • Visual frames of migrants and refugees in the main Western European media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Economics & Sociology•2019•Cited by: 3

    This work analyses the denotative and connotative visual framing of migrants and refugees in European media during the migration crisis in Europe in general and in the Mediterranean in particular. The main objective is to identify the differences between Germany, the country that receives the most asylum requests, and other Western Europe countries (Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom). The second goal is to detect temporal differences be…

  • Análisis supervisado de sentimientos políticos en español: Clasificación en tiempo real de tweets basada en aprendizaje automático

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Félix Ortega Mohedano et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 2

    This article describes and evaluates the application of the supervised sentiment analysis in political communication through a real-time classifier of political opinions in Spanish tweets using machine learning techniques, both on a local computer and using distributed computing for big data problems. We describe the associated emerging methods and techniques and analyze the opportunities that these innovations represent for political communicati…

  • The Conversation around Islam on Twitter: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Tweets about the Muslim Community in Spain since 2015

    Open Access•William González-Baquero, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Religions•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 16

    Social media, especially Twitter, has become a platform where hate, toxic, intolerant, and discriminatory speech is increasingly spread. These messages are aimed at different vulnerable social groups, due to some of their differentiating characteristics with respect to the dominant one, whether they are phenotypic, religious, cultural, gender, sexual, etc. Of all these minorities, one of the most affected is the Muslim community, especially since…

  • Online Hate Speech and Immigration Acceptance: A Study of Spanish Provinces

    Open Access•Patricia Sánchez-Holgado, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    Online hate speech against migrants and refugees poses a grave challenge for coexistence and democracy. However, it also offers an opportunity to measure social acceptance towards this group. Using the Intergroup Contact and the Mediated Intergroup Contact Theory, and an already validated methodology, this article seeks to validate whether the use of hate speech as a predictor of social acceptance is valid at a provincial level in Spain. Contrast…

  • What is the nature of the racist and xenophobic hate speech disseminated on social media in Southern Europe? Topic modelling of anti-immigration messages posted on X and YouTube in Spain, Italy and Gr…

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón•ARTICLE•Communication & Society•2025•Cited by: 1

    One of the greatest challenges facing democratic societies today is hate speech, that spreads massively and uncontrollably through social media. particularly racist and xenophobic speech, the category of discrimination in which most hate crimes are recorded annually in Southern Europe. In this context, many studies have already focused on analysing hate on X (formerly Twitter), but few have studied other platforms or specifically focused on messa…

  • Análisis supervisado de sentimientos políticos en español: Clasificación en tiempo real de tweets basada en aprendizaje automático

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Félix Ortega Mohedano et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 2

    This article describes and evaluates the application of the supervised sentiment analysis in political communication through a real-time classifier of political opinions in Spanish tweets using machine learning techniques, both on a local computer and using distributed computing for big data problems. We describe the associated emerging methods and techniques and analyze the opportunities that these innovations represent for political communicati…

  • Visual frames of migrants and refugees in the main Western European media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Economics & Sociology•2019•Cited by: 3

    This work analyses the denotative and connotative visual framing of migrants and refugees in European media during the migration crisis in Europe in general and in the Mediterranean in particular. The main objective is to identify the differences between Germany, the country that receives the most asylum requests, and other Western Europe countries (Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom). The second goal is to detect temporal differences be…

  • Evolution of negative visual frames of immigrants and refugees in the main media of Southern Europe

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•El Profesional de la Informacion•2020•Cited by: 7•References: 23

    The Mediterranean migration crisis especially affects three Southern European countries that represent the main gateways into the continent for immigrants and asylum seekers: Spain, Italy, and Greece. In recent years, feelings of rejection towards migration have been increasing in all of them, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the number of hate crimes. Similarly, the representation of these groups in European news media seems to have wor…

  • The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón et al.•ARTICLE•Gender Issues•2020•Cited by: 11•References: 26

  • Hate speech and social acceptance of migrants in Europe: Analysis of tweets with geolocation

    Open Access•Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Patricia Sánchez-Holgado et al.•ARTICLE•Comunicar•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 2

    Hate speech against vulnerable groups is acknowledged as a serious problem for integration and respect for the social diversity existing within the territory of the European Union. The growth of this type of discourse has been supported by the expansion of social media, which have been proven to act as a mechanism for the propagation of crimes against targets such as migrants and refugees, one of the main affected groups. That is why we have cond…

  • Online Hate Speech and Immigration Acceptance: A Study of Spanish Provinces

    Open Access•Patricia Sánchez-Holgado, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    Online hate speech against migrants and refugees poses a grave challenge for coexistence and democracy. However, it also offers an opportunity to measure social acceptance towards this group. Using the Intergroup Contact and the Mediated Intergroup Contact Theory, and an already validated methodology, this article seeks to validate whether the use of hate speech as a predictor of social acceptance is valid at a provincial level in Spain. Contrast…

  • The Conversation around Islam on Twitter: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Tweets about the Muslim Community in Spain since 2015

    Open Access•William González-Baquero, Javier J Amores et al.•ARTICLE•Religions•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 16

    Social media, especially Twitter, has become a platform where hate, toxic, intolerant, and discriminatory speech is increasingly spread. These messages are aimed at different vulnerable social groups, due to some of their differentiating characteristics with respect to the dominant one, whether they are phenotypic, religious, cultural, gender, sexual, etc. Of all these minorities, one of the most affected is the Muslim community, especially since…

  • Racismo, discursos de odio y migraciones en el contexto de los medios de comunicación y las plataformas digitales

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, María Cristina Fuentes Lara et al.•ARTICLE•Anuario electrónico de estudios…•2024

    Editorial: Volumen 17, Número 1 (Enero-Junio, 2024)

  • Toxicity levels in Spanish political communication on Twitter/X: A comparative analysis of major political parties, 2015–2023

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, William González-Baquero et al.•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Political Science•2025•References: 13

    Introduction Social media, especially Twitter (now X), have long since become integral to the communication strategies of political parties, providing a direct and agile medium for interaction with the public and dissemination of messages. But this digital omnipresence also poses worrying challenges, such as the polarisation of political discourse. Several studies have explored the communication strategies of political parties on social media, as…

  • What is the nature of the racist and xenophobic hate speech disseminated on social media in Southern Europe? Topic modelling of anti-immigration messages posted on X and YouTube in Spain, Italy and Gr…

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Carlos Arcila-Calderón•ARTICLE•Communication & Society•2025•Cited by: 1

    One of the greatest challenges facing democratic societies today is hate speech, that spreads massively and uncontrollably through social media. particularly racist and xenophobic speech, the category of discrimination in which most hate crimes are recorded annually in Southern Europe. In this context, many studies have already focused on analysing hate on X (formerly Twitter), but few have studied other platforms or specifically focused on messa…

  • Political communication on gender and sexuality on Twitter/X in Spain (2015–2023): An AI-assisted analysis of sentiment, toxicity and hate speech as drivers of engagement

    Open Access•Javier J Amores, Manuel Escudero-Garrido et al.•ARTICLE•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

    Recent surges in anti-feminist and anti-LGBTIQ+ narratives in Spain, especially amplified on social media such as Twitter (now X), raise substantive questions about how political parties communicate about gender and sexuality and how platform dynamics reward such messaging about parties’ online communication strategies. This article presents a longitudinal, comparative analysis of 4,504 tweets posted by the official accounts of Spain’s main parti…

  • Deals, domestication, and disasters: Results of a comparative content analysis of migration coverage in 15 African and European countries

    Open Access•Susanne Fengler, Merle van Berkum et al.•ARTICLE•Journalism•2026

    Migration has re-emerged as a central political issue across Africa and Europe, yet comparative research continues to privilege European perspectives and rarely incorporates the heterogeneity of African media systems. This study addresses this gap through a systematic content analysis of 1871 online news articles from 30 outlets in 15 African and European countries (2023-2024). We examine form, content, and evaluative dimensions of migration repo…

Political science (10 works) · Law (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Politics (5 works) · Refugee (5 works) · Social media (5 works) · Geography (4 works) · Immigration (4 works)

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