E G Knox
Biographic Data
| ID | 271614 |
|---|---|
| NAME | E G Knox |
| GIVEN NAMES | E G |
| FAMILY NAME | Knox |
| SIGNATURE | KNOX E G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Birmingham |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 55 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1960 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Author’s response
Atmospheric pollutants and mortalities in English local authority areas
OBJECTIVES: To measure geographical co-relationships between disease-specific standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and different atmospheric emissions in 352 English local authorities. To link specific exposures with specific causes of death and to identify responsible polluting sources. To see whether long-term moderate exposures have the same lethal effects as short-term high-pollution (ie, smog) episodes. DESIGN: Geographical distributions of S…
Roads, railways, and childhood cancers
Study objectives: To locate geographical sources of engine exhaust emissions in Great Britain and to link them with the birth addresses of children dying from cancer. To estimate the cancer initiating roles of nearby roads and railways and to measure effective ranges. Design: Birth and death addresses of all children born between 1955 and 1980 in Great Britain, and dying from leukaemia or other cancer during those years, were linked to locations …
Childhood cancers and atmospheric carcinogens
Study objectives: To retest previous findings that childhood cancers are probably initiated by prenatal exposures to combustion process gases and to volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and to identify specific chemical hazards. Design: Birth and death addresses of fatal child cancers in Great Britain between 1966 and 1980, were linked with high local atmospheric emissions of different chemical species. Among migrant children, distances from each a…
Oil combustion and childhood cancers
Study objectives: To identify specific toxic atmospheric emissions and their industrial sources in Great Britain. To link them with each other and with the birth addresses of children dying from cancer. To identify specific causal agents and sources. Design: Birth and death addresses of children dying from cancer were linked to emissions hotspots for specific chemicals: and to related source installations. Among those who moved house, distances f…
Migration patterns of children with cancer in Britain
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the early migration patterns of children who later developed cancer. To test a prior hypothesis that some cancers are initiated by early exposures to toxic atmospheric pollutants from point sources. DESIGN: Address changes in children dying from cancer are examined in relation to potentially hazardous sites of several different types. The relative proximities of birth addresses and death addresses to these sites, are co…
Hazard proximities of childhood cancers in Great Britain from 1953-80
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to examine relationships between the birth and death addresses of children dying from leukaemia and cancer in Great Britain, and the sites of potential environmental hazards; and secondly to measure relative case densities close to, and at increasing distances from, different hazard types. DESIGN: Home address postcodes (PCs) and their map coordinates were identified at birth and at death in children who died from leuka…
Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Great Britain
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to identify spatially close pairs and triplets of childhood leukaemias and cancers in Britain. Secondly, to compare pair frequencies with random expectations, identify excesses, and measure the diameters of any clusters. Thirdly, to infer possible causes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Stratified Poisson analyses of two comprehensive sets of childhood leukaemia and cancer data in Great Britain: seeking home address pairs within pa…
Childhood cancers
STUDY OBJECTIVES--To examine a national data set of all childhood cancers for evidence of space-time interactions within three distinct sets of dates and places (at birth, at diagnosis, and at death), to show whether the patterns found for these events represent separate phenomena or statistically interdependent processes, and to see whether the childhood leukaemias and the childhood solid cancers have separate distinctive patterns in these respe…
Leukaemia clusters in childhood
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To validate previously demonstrated spatial clustering of childhood leukaemias by showing relative proximities of selected map features to cluster locations, compared with control locations. If clusters are real, then they are likely to be close to a determining hazard. DESIGN--Cluster postcode loci and partially matched control postcodes were compared in terms of distances to railways, main roads, churches, surface water, woodla…
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 2. Geographical concentrations
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of short radius spacial clusters. DESIGN--The study was a geographical cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map refer…
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 1. Space-time interactions
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of clusters in space and in time. DESIGN--The study was a space-time cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map referen…
One Man's Medicine
Further to Doctors Campbell and Waters' article in the recent issue of the Journal (March 1990, p 75), we would like to report our experiences of an anonymous postal questionnaire survey which extends their observations.A postal survey was recently undertaken in three further and higher educational establishments in the Tyne Tees area, to ascertain students' AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, and opinions on an HIV information pack …
Effectiveness of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip
The incidence of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) in Birmingham was measured in the period 1942-52 and again in 1950-54; it is measured now in 1974-83. Despite the introduction of neonatal screening for CDH in November 1966, between the times of the earlier and the present measurements there was no indication that CDH requiring prolonged treatment had declined. The performance of the procedure itself was poor. It detected only a third of g…
Perinatal mortality standards
Perinatal mortality rates are an important index of the performance of perinatal health care services, but comparisons are confounded by variations in the prior risk status of the clienteles of different districts and different maternity units. A method of allowing for these differences has been devised. It is based jointly upon the exclusion of certain classes of birth, and on indirect standardisation for birthweight and a number of modifying fa…
Birth dates of men with cancer of the testis
A recent rise in the incidence of cancer of the testis in affluent countries and affluent social strata suggests either an iatrogenic effect analogous with adenocarcinoma of the vagina or a prenatal infection analogous with congenital rubella syndrome. Three samples were assembled, two based on registration and one on death certification, and dates of birth were examined for the presence of steps, cycles, and irregular clusters. There was no evid…
Leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins
Data from the United Kingdom on childhood leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins and from the United States on leukaemia in twins are analysed by a new method. The method distinguishes determinants occurring before the stage of pregnancy corresponding with the cleavage of MZ pairs, from determinants occurring after this point. It derives estimates of the frequencies of each class of determinant. Different aetiological models are characterised by…
The quality of notification of congenital malformations
The United Kingdom Congenital Malformations Notification Scheme began in 1964. It is based on notes added to birth notification forms. In Birmingham, a local scheme based on multiple sources has been run in parallel for the last 20 years. The national notification scheme records malformations noted up to the age of 7 days, whereas the Birmingham scheme collects information up to the age of 5 years. A case by case record linkage of the two registe…
Meteorological associations of cerebrovascular disease mortality in England and Wales
The recent decline in stroke mortality, and its seasonal variation, have not been satisfactorily explained through any single factor. Nevertheless, several causes might operate through a single mechanism, namely salt loss variation. The increased use of diuretics could explain the trend, and physiological salt loss variations might explain the cycle. The associations between mortality and meteorological variables were therefore examined. The exam…
Disease concordance and sex similarity in twins
Disease patterns in twins may show the presence of genetic or of environmental causes. Two arguments of inference have been used. Discordances between monozygotic twins have been taken to indicate the presence of environmental determinants; and high levels of concordance in monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared with dizygotic (DZ) pairs have been taken to indicate the presence of genetic causes. Neither argument is rigorous and, at this level, neither …
Foods and diseases
An examination was made of the statistical correlations between the main foodstuff and nutrient intakes and the chief causes of mortality in 20 different countries, comprising 17 in Europe, and Canada, USA, and Japan. Subsidiary examinations were made of the effects of including and excluding Japan, and of the effects of various statistical standardisation procedures. Complex food patterns were identified and related both to geographical latitude…
Control of haemolytic disease of the newborn
The decline in the stillbirth and death rates from haemolytic disease of the newborn in England and Wales between 1961 and 1973 is examined. The possible causes for this decline are identified and data related to each are assembled. The effects of intrauterine transfusions, changes in the abortion law, and changes in the racial mix as well as changes in the incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy and caesarean section can probably be disregarded for t…
The School Years in Newcastle upon Tyne
Reproductive Patterns after Stillbirth and Early Infant Death
Birth records in Birmingham were examined for evidence of reproductive compensation following a fetal or infant death. Mothers with a stillbirth, a neonatal death, or a post-neonatal death in 1964 were identified, controls were selected, and subsequent reproductive patterns up to 1969 were compared. There was substantial reproductive compensation following the post-neonatal deaths and a lesser degree after neonatal deaths. Stillbirths were follow…
Twins and neural tube defects
The hypothesis that anencephalus stems from fetus-fetus interactions in dizygotic twin pairs is examined by comparing the epidemiological predictions of the hypothesis with available observations. The hypothesis itself was based upon the disease-discordance and sex-concordance characteristics of twin pairs affected with anencephalus, and upon the sex ratio of the disease itself. The testable predictions of the hypothesis are (a) that variations i…
The quality of notification of congenital malformations
The United Kingdom Congenital Malformations Notification Scheme began in 1964. It is based on notes added to birth notification forms. In Birmingham, a local scheme based on multiple sources has been run in parallel for the last 20 years. The national notification scheme records malformations noted up to the age of 7 days, whereas the Birmingham scheme collects information up to the age of 5 years. A case by case record linkage of the two registe…
Atmospheric pollutants and mortalities in English local authority areas
OBJECTIVES: To measure geographical co-relationships between disease-specific standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and different atmospheric emissions in 352 English local authorities. To link specific exposures with specific causes of death and to identify responsible polluting sources. To see whether long-term moderate exposures have the same lethal effects as short-term high-pollution (ie, smog) episodes. DESIGN: Geographical distributions of S…
Childhood cancers and atmospheric carcinogens
Study objectives: To retest previous findings that childhood cancers are probably initiated by prenatal exposures to combustion process gases and to volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and to identify specific chemical hazards. Design: Birth and death addresses of fatal child cancers in Great Britain between 1966 and 1980, were linked with high local atmospheric emissions of different chemical species. Among migrant children, distances from each a…
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 2. Geographical concentrations
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of short radius spacial clusters. DESIGN--The study was a geographical cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map refer…
Oil combustion and childhood cancers
Study objectives: To identify specific toxic atmospheric emissions and their industrial sources in Great Britain. To link them with each other and with the birth addresses of children dying from cancer. To identify specific causal agents and sources. Design: Birth and death addresses of children dying from cancer were linked to emissions hotspots for specific chemicals: and to related source installations. Among those who moved house, distances f…
Roads, railways, and childhood cancers
Study objectives: To locate geographical sources of engine exhaust emissions in Great Britain and to link them with the birth addresses of children dying from cancer. To estimate the cancer initiating roles of nearby roads and railways and to measure effective ranges. Design: Birth and death addresses of all children born between 1955 and 1980 in Great Britain, and dying from leukaemia or other cancer during those years, were linked to locations …
Migration patterns of children with cancer in Britain
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the early migration patterns of children who later developed cancer. To test a prior hypothesis that some cancers are initiated by early exposures to toxic atmospheric pollutants from point sources. DESIGN: Address changes in children dying from cancer are examined in relation to potentially hazardous sites of several different types. The relative proximities of birth addresses and death addresses to these sites, are co…
Hazard proximities of childhood cancers in Great Britain from 1953-80
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to examine relationships between the birth and death addresses of children dying from leukaemia and cancer in Great Britain, and the sites of potential environmental hazards; and secondly to measure relative case densities close to, and at increasing distances from, different hazard types. DESIGN: Home address postcodes (PCs) and their map coordinates were identified at birth and at death in children who died from leuka…
Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Great Britain
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to identify spatially close pairs and triplets of childhood leukaemias and cancers in Britain. Secondly, to compare pair frequencies with random expectations, identify excesses, and measure the diameters of any clusters. Thirdly, to infer possible causes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Stratified Poisson analyses of two comprehensive sets of childhood leukaemia and cancer data in Great Britain: seeking home address pairs within pa…
Childhood cancers
STUDY OBJECTIVES--To examine a national data set of all childhood cancers for evidence of space-time interactions within three distinct sets of dates and places (at birth, at diagnosis, and at death), to show whether the patterns found for these events represent separate phenomena or statistically interdependent processes, and to see whether the childhood leukaemias and the childhood solid cancers have separate distinctive patterns in these respe…
Leukaemia clusters in childhood
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To validate previously demonstrated spatial clustering of childhood leukaemias by showing relative proximities of selected map features to cluster locations, compared with control locations. If clusters are real, then they are likely to be close to a determining hazard. DESIGN--Cluster postcode loci and partially matched control postcodes were compared in terms of distances to railways, main roads, churches, surface water, woodla…
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 1. Space-time interactions
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of clusters in space and in time. DESIGN--The study was a space-time cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map referen…
Effectiveness of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip
The incidence of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) in Birmingham was measured in the period 1942-52 and again in 1950-54; it is measured now in 1974-83. Despite the introduction of neonatal screening for CDH in November 1966, between the times of the earlier and the present measurements there was no indication that CDH requiring prolonged treatment had declined. The performance of the procedure itself was poor. It detected only a third of g…
Birth dates of men with cancer of the testis
A recent rise in the incidence of cancer of the testis in affluent countries and affluent social strata suggests either an iatrogenic effect analogous with adenocarcinoma of the vagina or a prenatal infection analogous with congenital rubella syndrome. Three samples were assembled, two based on registration and one on death certification, and dates of birth were examined for the presence of steps, cycles, and irregular clusters. There was no evid…
Disease concordance and sex similarity in twins
Disease patterns in twins may show the presence of genetic or of environmental causes. Two arguments of inference have been used. Discordances between monozygotic twins have been taken to indicate the presence of environmental determinants; and high levels of concordance in monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared with dizygotic (DZ) pairs have been taken to indicate the presence of genetic causes. Neither argument is rigorous and, at this level, neither …
Perinatal mortality standards
Perinatal mortality rates are an important index of the performance of perinatal health care services, but comparisons are confounded by variations in the prior risk status of the clienteles of different districts and different maternity units. A method of allowing for these differences has been devised. It is based jointly upon the exclusion of certain classes of birth, and on indirect standardisation for birthweight and a number of modifying fa…
Leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins
Data from the United Kingdom on childhood leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins and from the United States on leukaemia in twins are analysed by a new method. The method distinguishes determinants occurring before the stage of pregnancy corresponding with the cleavage of MZ pairs, from determinants occurring after this point. It derives estimates of the frequencies of each class of determinant. Different aetiological models are characterised by…
Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne
There can be few individuals concerned with the health and welfare of children who to-day are unaware of the Tyneside Thousand Family Survey, as the investigation has come to be known The primary purpose of this clinical and epidemi- ological study, started in 1947 and still continuing, was to reveal the pattern and extent of disease in Newcastle children, particularly the origins and associations of ill-health and abnormality in the young.Hither…
Growing Up in Newcastle-upon-Tyne
There can be few individuals concerned with the health and welfare of children who to-day are unaware of the Tyneside Thousand Family Survey, as the investigation has come to be known The primary purpose of this clinical and epidemi- ological study, started in 1947 and still continuing, was to reveal the pattern and extent of disease in Newcastle children, particularly the origins and associations of ill-health and abnormality in the young.Hither…
Anencephalus and dietary intakes
The strong social correlations and the character istic temporal and spatial variations in the incidence of neural tube defects have suggested the existence of important environmental determinants. The most promising interpretations concerning their exact nature focus upon infective, toxic, and diet deficiency causes, the last two being supported by experimental teratogenic effects in animals. The infective hypothesis has had little support, eithe…
An investigation into the purposes, accuracy, and effective uses of the Blind Register in England
A register is a list of the names of persons with a particular attribute. In a research setting the names may be used to avoid erroneous double entry, or to link sequential entries, or to link one register with another; but in a service setting, the chief purpose of identifying individuals is to deliver some service to them. This is at least implicit and it is doubtful whether we should characterize as a service-register any listing process which…
Twins and neural tube defects
The hypothesis that anencephalus stems from fetus-fetus interactions in dizygotic twin pairs is examined by comparing the epidemiological predictions of the hypothesis with available observations. The hypothesis itself was based upon the disease-discordance and sex-concordance characteristics of twin pairs affected with anencephalus, and upon the sex ratio of the disease itself. The testable predictions of the hypothesis are (a) that variations i…
Executive Council lists and general practitioner files
An investigation of the accuracy of general practitioner and Executive Council files was approached by a comparison of the two. High error rates were found, including both file errors and record errors. On analysis it emerged that file error rates could not be satisfactorily expressed except in a time-dimensioned way, and we were unable to do this within the context of our study. Record error rates and field error rates were expressible as propor…
Reproductive Patterns after Stillbirth and Early Infant Death
Birth records in Birmingham were examined for evidence of reproductive compensation following a fetal or infant death. Mothers with a stillbirth, a neonatal death, or a post-neonatal death in 1964 were identified, controls were selected, and subsequent reproductive patterns up to 1969 were compared. There was substantial reproductive compensation following the post-neonatal deaths and a lesser degree after neonatal deaths. Stillbirths were follow…
Control of haemolytic disease of the newborn
The decline in the stillbirth and death rates from haemolytic disease of the newborn in England and Wales between 1961 and 1973 is examined. The possible causes for this decline are identified and data related to each are assembled. The effects of intrauterine transfusions, changes in the abortion law, and changes in the racial mix as well as changes in the incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy and caesarean section can probably be disregarded for t…
The School Years in Newcastle upon Tyne
Foods and diseases
An examination was made of the statistical correlations between the main foodstuff and nutrient intakes and the chief causes of mortality in 20 different countries, comprising 17 in Europe, and Canada, USA, and Japan. Subsidiary examinations were made of the effects of including and excluding Japan, and of the effects of various statistical standardisation procedures. Complex food patterns were identified and related both to geographical latitude…
Disease concordance and sex similarity in twins
Disease patterns in twins may show the presence of genetic or of environmental causes. Two arguments of inference have been used. Discordances between monozygotic twins have been taken to indicate the presence of environmental determinants; and high levels of concordance in monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared with dizygotic (DZ) pairs have been taken to indicate the presence of genetic causes. Neither argument is rigorous and, at this level, neither …
Meteorological associations of cerebrovascular disease mortality in England and Wales
The recent decline in stroke mortality, and its seasonal variation, have not been satisfactorily explained through any single factor. Nevertheless, several causes might operate through a single mechanism, namely salt loss variation. The increased use of diuretics could explain the trend, and physiological salt loss variations might explain the cycle. The associations between mortality and meteorological variables were therefore examined. The exam…
Leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins
Data from the United Kingdom on childhood leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins and from the United States on leukaemia in twins are analysed by a new method. The method distinguishes determinants occurring before the stage of pregnancy corresponding with the cleavage of MZ pairs, from determinants occurring after this point. It derives estimates of the frequencies of each class of determinant. Different aetiological models are characterised by…
The quality of notification of congenital malformations
The United Kingdom Congenital Malformations Notification Scheme began in 1964. It is based on notes added to birth notification forms. In Birmingham, a local scheme based on multiple sources has been run in parallel for the last 20 years. The national notification scheme records malformations noted up to the age of 7 days, whereas the Birmingham scheme collects information up to the age of 5 years. A case by case record linkage of the two registe…
Birth dates of men with cancer of the testis
A recent rise in the incidence of cancer of the testis in affluent countries and affluent social strata suggests either an iatrogenic effect analogous with adenocarcinoma of the vagina or a prenatal infection analogous with congenital rubella syndrome. Three samples were assembled, two based on registration and one on death certification, and dates of birth were examined for the presence of steps, cycles, and irregular clusters. There was no evid…
Perinatal mortality standards
Perinatal mortality rates are an important index of the performance of perinatal health care services, but comparisons are confounded by variations in the prior risk status of the clienteles of different districts and different maternity units. A method of allowing for these differences has been devised. It is based jointly upon the exclusion of certain classes of birth, and on indirect standardisation for birthweight and a number of modifying fa…
Effectiveness of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip
The incidence of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) in Birmingham was measured in the period 1942-52 and again in 1950-54; it is measured now in 1974-83. Despite the introduction of neonatal screening for CDH in November 1966, between the times of the earlier and the present measurements there was no indication that CDH requiring prolonged treatment had declined. The performance of the procedure itself was poor. It detected only a third of g…
One Man's Medicine
Further to Doctors Campbell and Waters' article in the recent issue of the Journal (March 1990, p 75), we would like to report our experiences of an anonymous postal questionnaire survey which extends their observations.A postal survey was recently undertaken in three further and higher educational establishments in the Tyne Tees area, to ascertain students' AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, and opinions on an HIV information pack …
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 2. Geographical concentrations
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of short radius spacial clusters. DESIGN--The study was a geographical cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map refer…
Leukaemia clusters in Great Britain. 1. Space-time interactions
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to test a large set of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma registrations for the presence of clusters in space and in time. DESIGN--The study was a space-time cluster analysis. SETTING--England, Wales and Scotland. PATIENTS--All registrations for leukaemia and lymphoma between 1966 and 1983 in children aged 0 to 14 years were examined. The records included date and age of registration, sex, diagnosis, and the map referen…
Leukaemia clusters in childhood
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To validate previously demonstrated spatial clustering of childhood leukaemias by showing relative proximities of selected map features to cluster locations, compared with control locations. If clusters are real, then they are likely to be close to a determining hazard. DESIGN--Cluster postcode loci and partially matched control postcodes were compared in terms of distances to railways, main roads, churches, surface water, woodla…
Childhood cancers
STUDY OBJECTIVES--To examine a national data set of all childhood cancers for evidence of space-time interactions within three distinct sets of dates and places (at birth, at diagnosis, and at death), to show whether the patterns found for these events represent separate phenomena or statistically interdependent processes, and to see whether the childhood leukaemias and the childhood solid cancers have separate distinctive patterns in these respe…
Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Great Britain
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to identify spatially close pairs and triplets of childhood leukaemias and cancers in Britain. Secondly, to compare pair frequencies with random expectations, identify excesses, and measure the diameters of any clusters. Thirdly, to infer possible causes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Stratified Poisson analyses of two comprehensive sets of childhood leukaemia and cancer data in Great Britain: seeking home address pairs within pa…
Hazard proximities of childhood cancers in Great Britain from 1953-80
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to examine relationships between the birth and death addresses of children dying from leukaemia and cancer in Great Britain, and the sites of potential environmental hazards; and secondly to measure relative case densities close to, and at increasing distances from, different hazard types. DESIGN: Home address postcodes (PCs) and their map coordinates were identified at birth and at death in children who died from leuka…
Migration patterns of children with cancer in Britain
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the early migration patterns of children who later developed cancer. To test a prior hypothesis that some cancers are initiated by early exposures to toxic atmospheric pollutants from point sources. DESIGN: Address changes in children dying from cancer are examined in relation to potentially hazardous sites of several different types. The relative proximities of birth addresses and death addresses to these sites, are co…
Medicine (28 works) · Demography (13 works) · Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research (11 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Pediatrics (8 works) · Pediatrics (8 works) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (7 works) · Cancer (6 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works)