Timothy M Smeeding
Biographic Data
| ID | 272835 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Timothy M Smeeding |
| GIVEN NAMES | Timothy M |
| FAMILY NAME | Smeeding |
| SIGNATURE | SMEEDING T M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9058-318X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 78 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 760 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 70 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 8 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Social Security Interactions With Child Tax Credit Expansion
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117‐2) temporarily expanded the Child Tax Credit (CTC), increasing the number of eligible children and payment amount with advance monthly payments delivered from July to December 2021. Many Social Security program beneficiary households with children were newly CTC eligible for the expanded tax benefit that provided up to $3600 per child per year. Using data from the Current Population Survey and …
Cobots as Workforce Partners: Overcoming Barriers Through Policy Opportunities
Substitution of capital in the form of automation and robotics has displaced many American manufacturing workers, especially those without college degrees. However, this need not be the path forward. We argue that now is an opportune time for greater policy emphasis on collaborative robots, or “cobots,” which are designed to complement rather than replace manual labor while raising productivity. To realize this potential, policies must properly a…
Creating an Integrated System of Data and Statistics on Household Income, Consumption, and Wealth: Time to Build
Patterns of Advance Child Tax Credit Receipt and Spending among Children with Retired or Disabled Household Members
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 expanded and paid monthly a fully refundable child tax credit (CTC) to eligible US children under 18. About 12 percent of children live in a household with an adult or child who receives benefits from one or more Social Security programs. In this study, we use data from the Census Household Pulse Survey to explore CTC receipt among these households. We present evidence that the Social Security Administration b…
Legacies of the War on Poverty
We extend the work of Haveman et al., a comprehensive analysis of the U.S. social welfare system's evolution from the start of the War on Poverty through 2012. Their work chronicled changes in the welfare system and in poverty measurement and analyzed poverty levels and trends. We extend the analysis through 2022, finding that the poverty rate declined from 2012 to 2019 mostly because of improvements in the economy and not from changes in the tra…
What We Learned from the 2021 Child Tax Credit Expansion
The 2021 expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) greatly increased the amount of financial support that families received from the credit and guaranteed the fully refundable benefit to all lower-income families with children, while continuing to pay half of the annual benefits monthly. Child poverty fell to its lowest level ever (5.2 percent) after the expansion but returned to its pre-pandemic level (12.4 percent) in 2022 upon the expansion’s el…
The Long Recovery from the Great Recession: An Introduction
The first two decades of the twenty-first century have been marked by the Great Recession (GR), which was followed by the longest recovery in U.S. history, here termed the Long Recovery (LR). The LR lasted more than 10 years and ended with a pandemic bang in March 2020. This article introduces the eighteen articles that make up our review of the effects of the LR on the working class. What did more than a decade of economic expansion following th…
Understanding the effects of Covid-19 through a life course lens
The American Opportunity Study: A New Infrastructure for Monitoring Outcomes, Evaluating Policy, and Advancing Basic Science
The American Opportunity Study is an ongoing initiative to build the country's capacity to access and analyze linked administrative data. It is best viewed as a population-level scaffolding on which other administrative data can then be hung. This scaffolding, if used as a stand-alone resource, will allow for long-run analyses of fundamental population and labor market processes. If combined with data from other sources, it will allow for long-ru…
A Universal Child Allowance: A Plan to Reduce Poverty and Income Instability Among Children in the United States
To reduce child poverty and income instability, and eliminate extreme poverty among families with children in the United States, we propose converting the Child Tax Credit and child tax exemption into a universal, monthly child allowance. Our proposal is based on principles we argue should undergird the design of such policies: universality, accessibility, adequate payment levels, and more generous support for young children. Whether benefits sho…
A Targeted Minimum Benefit Plan: A New Proposal to Reduce Poverty Among Older Social Security Recipients A Targeted Minimum Benefit Plan
Pamela Herd, Melissa Favreault, Madonna Harrington Meyer, Timothy M. Smeeding, A Targeted Minimum Benefit Plan: A New Proposal to Reduce Poverty among Older Social Security Recipients, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, Anti-Poverty Policy Initiatives for the United States (February 2018), pp. 74-90
The Changing Safety Net for Low-Income Parents and Their Children: Structural or Cyclical Changes in Income Support Policy
Refundable tax credits and food assistance are the largest transfer programs available to able-bodied working poor and near-poor families in the United States, and simultaneous participation in these programs has more than doubled since the early 2000s. To understand this growth, we construct a series of two-year panels from the 1981–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement to estimate the effect of state …
The PSID in Research and Policy
The PSID has remained a valuable vehicle for evidence-based policy research for decades and should remain so for many more. In this short review, I cover major policy-related strengths from PSID research in the areas of event history analysis; mobility and volatility; cross national comparisons; health and health insurance; mobility into and out of poverty; the effects of parental income on children; and the use of the child development sample to…
Redistributional Policy in Rich Countries: Institutions and Impacts in Nonelderly Households
We review research on institutions of redistribution operating in high-income countries. Focusing on the nonelderly, we invoke the concept of the household income package, which includes income from labor, from related households, and from the state. Accordingly, we assess three institutional arenas: predistribution (rules and regulations that govern paid work), private redistribution (interhousehold transfers), and conventional public redistribu…
USA Child Poverty: The Impact of the Great Recession
The Great Recession (GR) was the most dramatic economic downturn the USA has experienced in more than six decades. But against this backdrop, the USA actually made some limited progress against child poverty over the Great Recession when one considers the new US Supplemental Poverty Measure which lies at about 40 per cent of median income. The main reason was the growth of a well-targeted near cash safety net, combined with earnings enhancements …
Tony Atkinson and His Legacy
Tony Atkinson and his Legacy
Tony Atkinson is universally celebrated for his outstanding contributions to the measurement and analysis of inequality, but he never saw the study of inequality as a separate branch of economics. He was an economist in the classical sense, rejecting any sub‐field labelling of his interests and expertise, and he made contributions right across economics. His death on 1 January 2017 deprived the world of both an intellectual giant and a deeply com…
Inequality and Mobility Using Income, Consumption, and Wealth for the Same Individuals
Recent studies of economic inequality almost always separately examine income inequality, consumption inequality, and wealth inequality, and hence, these studies miss the important synergy between the three measures explicit in the life-cycle budget constraint. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we study inequality in three dimensions, focusing on the conjoint distributions of income, consumption, and wealth for the same individuals…
Multiple Barriers to Economic Opportunity for the “Truly” Disadvantaged and Vulnerable
This article answers several questions: Which subgroups of the U.S. population-designated by race, ethnicity, family structure, educational status, income, wealth, consumption, or other characteristics-appear to be particularly vulnerable to a lack of economic opportunity based on household characteristics of the family and its children? To what degree does poor access to economic advancement appear to reflect low income or wealth, or do addition…
Income Distribution and Inequality: Measurement Issues
PovcalNet, WDI and ‘All the Ginis’: A critical review
The War on Poverty: Measurement, Trends, and Policy
We present a 50‐year historical perspective of the nation's antipoverty efforts, describing the evolution of policy during four key periods since 1965. Over this half‐century, the initial heavy reliance on cash income support to poor families has eroded; increases in public support came largely in the form of in‐kind (e.g., Food Stamps) and tax‐related (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) benefits. Work support and the supplementation of earnings…
Exiting or retaining owner-occupied housing in the United States 1999–2009: How do social programs matter
A New Infrastructure for Monitoring Social Mobility in the United States
The country's capacity to monitor trends in social mobility has languished since the last major survey on U.S. social mobility was fielded in 1973. It is accordingly difficult to evaluate recent concerns that social mobility may be declining or to develop mobility policy that is adequately informed by evidence. This article presents a new initiative, dubbed the American Opportunity Study (AOS), that would allow the country to monitor social mobil…
Advancing Poverty Measurement and Policy: Evidence from Wisconsin during the Great Recession
This article estimates trends in the poverty rates in Wisconsin for the overall population, for children, and for the elderly between 2008 and 2010, using an alternative poverty measure. Our measure is similar to the federally implemented Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) but customized to reflect the place-specific needs and resources of Wisconsin. Unlike the official poverty measure, the Wisconsin Poverty Measure (WPM) considers tax credits an…
"Fair" Inequality? Attitudes toward Pay Differentials: The United States in Comparative Perspective
Are American attitudes toward economic inequality different from those in other countries? One tradition in sociology suggests American "exceptionalism," while another argues for convergence across nations in social norms, such as attitudes toward inequality. This article uses International Social Survey Program (ISSP) microdata to compare attitudes in different countries toward what individuals in specific occupations "do earn" and what they "sh…
Are Parents Investing Less Time in Children? Trends in Selected Industrialized Countries
Trends in parental time invested in children since the 1960s are examined in 16 industrialized countries using time-use survey data. Despite the time pressures that confront today's families, parents appear to be devoting more time to children than they did 40 years ago. Results also suggest that mothers continue to devote more time to childcare than fathers, but the gender gap has been reduced. The consistency of these results across countries s…
Public Policy, Economic Inequality, and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective
Objective. This article compares recent levels and trends in economic inequality in industrialized nations, largely those belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. We also examine the effects of government policies and social spending efforts on inequality. Method. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the U.S. Congressional Budget Office to measure disposable money income on an annual basis for 30 nations…
Asset‐based measurement of poverty
Poverty is generally defined as income or expenditure insufficiency, but the economic condition of a household also depends on its real and financial asset holdings. This paper investigates measures of poverty that rely on indicators of household net worth. We review and assess two main approaches followed in the literature: income–net worth measures and asset‐poverty. We provide fresh cross‐national evidence based on data from the Luxembourg Wea…
Expensive Children in Poor Families: Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for the Care of Disabled and Chronically Ill Children in Welfare Families
A significant minority of poor families care for children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. This study is among the first to explore private costs resulting from children's disabilities among low-income families. We find that almost half of the sample of California AFDC families with special-needs children incurred some direct, out-of-pocket expenses in the preceding month, and about 20% incurred total costs exceeding $100. We also estimat…
The War on Poverty: Measurement, Trends, and Policy
We present a 50‐year historical perspective of the nation's antipoverty efforts, describing the evolution of policy during four key periods since 1965. Over this half‐century, the initial heavy reliance on cash income support to poor families has eroded; increases in public support came largely in the form of in‐kind (e.g., Food Stamps) and tax‐related (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) benefits. Work support and the supplementation of earnings…
Poor People in Rich Nations: The United States in Comparative Perspective
Cross-national comparisons can teach lessons about antipoverty policy. While all nations value low poverty, high levels of economic self-reliance and equality of opportunity for younger persons, they differ dramatically in the extent to which they reach these goals. Nations also exhibit differences in the extent to which working age adults mix economic self-reliance (earned incomes), family support and government support to avoid poverty. We begi…
Redistributional Policy in Rich Countries: Institutions and Impacts in Nonelderly Households
We review research on institutions of redistribution operating in high-income countries. Focusing on the nonelderly, we invoke the concept of the household income package, which includes income from labor, from related households, and from the state. Accordingly, we assess three institutional arenas: predistribution (rules and regulations that govern paid work), private redistribution (interhousehold transfers), and conventional public redistribu…
A re-examination of welfare states and inequality in rich nations: How in-kind transfers and indirect taxes change the story
Previous studies find large crossnational differences in inequality amongst rich Western nations, due in large part to differences in the generosity of welfare state transfers. The United States is the least generous nation and the one having the most aftertax and transfer inequality. But these analyses are limited to the effects of cash and nearcash transfers and direct taxes on incomes, while on average, half of welfare state transfers in rich …
The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State
In this article we examine gender gaps in poverty in the United States and seven other Western nations, asking how single motherhood, market earnings, and welfare states affect gender inequality in poverty. Our analyses speak to the theoretical literature emphasizing the gendered logic and effects of welfare states and labor markets. We find that single-mother families have higher poverty rates than other families in all nations except Sweden, th…
Inequality in Human Development: An Empirical Assessment of 32 Countries
One of the most frequent critiques of the HDI is that is does not take into account inequality within countries in its three dimensions. In this paper, we apply a simply approach to compute the three components and the overall HDI for quintiles of the income distribution. This allows a comparison of the level in human development of the poor with the level of the non-poor within countries, but also across countries. This is an application of the …
The Cost of Caring: Childhood Disability and Poor Families
Children in poor families are at heightened risk for disabilities and chronic health problems, and care for these children can impose substantial costs on families and public programs. Although the prevalence and costs of disabilities among poor children have important policy implications, they have been largely overlooked in research on poverty and welfare and on the costs of childhood disabilities. This article analyzes the prevalence of childh…
A New Infrastructure for Monitoring Social Mobility in the United States
The country's capacity to monitor trends in social mobility has languished since the last major survey on U.S. social mobility was fielded in 1973. It is accordingly difficult to evaluate recent concerns that social mobility may be declining or to develop mobility policy that is adequately informed by evidence. This article presents a new initiative, dubbed the American Opportunity Study (AOS), that would allow the country to monitor social mobil…
A Universal Child Allowance: A Plan to Reduce Poverty and Income Instability Among Children in the United States
To reduce child poverty and income instability, and eliminate extreme poverty among families with children in the United States, we propose converting the Child Tax Credit and child tax exemption into a universal, monthly child allowance. Our proposal is based on principles we argue should undergird the design of such policies: universality, accessibility, adequate payment levels, and more generous support for young children. Whether benefits sho…
No Place Like Home: Older Adults and Their Housing
The results suggest that the consumption of cohorts of older Americans does not decrease dramatically over a 20-year period and that they are also not converting their housing assets into other types of income or consumption, at least up to age 80. A number of reasons, including the bequest motive and the life cycle hypothesis, might explain this behavior
Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study
Journal Article Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study Get access Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study. Edited by TIMOTHY M. SMEEDING, MICHAEL O'HIGGINS AND LEE RAINWATER. (New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990. Pp. xxv+193. à à à à £30.00 hardback. ISBN 0 7450 0335 4.) Fiona Coulter Fiona Coulter University of Bat…
Young Disadvantaged Men: Fathers, Families, Poverty, and Policy
The Income and Wealth Packages of Older Women in Cross-National Perspective
Further research is needed to identify the most vulnerable subgroups, to integrate analyses of necessary expenditures, and to assess policy implications
Cross-National Differences in Employment and Economic Sufficiency
Economic independence is an important indicator of the transition to adulthood. This article portrays the level of economic in dependence among young adults, ages eighteen to thirty-two, in seven industrialized countries. The cross-national variations the authors uncover help one understand how work, family, and comparative income packages affect economic self-sufficiency. In all countries, young women are less able than are young men to become e…
Economic mobility of young workers in the 1970s and 1980s
This paper uses longitudinal data to estimate cohort changes in the earnings trajectories of young adult males. Levels of earnings are uniformly lower for male workers turning 21 between 1980 and 1991 than in 1970–1979, although rates of earnings growth are roughly comparable. Among males turning 21 before 1980, six in 10 (60%) of all men and seven in 10 (71%) college-educated men attained earnings levels by age 30 that were at least twice the po…
Income, Assets, and Poverty: Older Women in Comparative Perspective
We analyze the economic well‐being of older women in cross‐national perspective, comparing the United States with four other high‐income countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Sweden. We report some of the first findings based on microdata from a new source, the Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS). The LWS, a project within the larger Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), is a database containing harmonized wealth datasets from a number of industr…
The Luxembourg Wealth Study – A cross-country comparable database for household wealth research
The Changing Safety Net for Low-Income Parents and Their Children: Structural or Cyclical Changes in Income Support Policy
Refundable tax credits and food assistance are the largest transfer programs available to able-bodied working poor and near-poor families in the United States, and simultaneous participation in these programs has more than doubled since the early 2000s. To understand this growth, we construct a series of two-year panels from the 1981–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement to estimate the effect of state …
Explorations Gender and Aging: Cross-National Contrasts
The contributions in this Explorations section reveal differences across countries in the support systems of the elderly and shows that poverty among the elderly has not been eliminated, even in rich countries. Social insurance systems with an adequate minimum benefit do the best job of avoiding poverty among elderly women. Poverty rates among older women are much higher than for older men and much higher in the US compared to other nations in th…
Patterns of Economic Inequality in Western Democracies: Some Facts on Levels and Trends
A large body of research has documented comparative levels of inequality among nations and also the substantial change in inequality across and within nations. Political scientists, sociologists, and economists have used these databases to make a number of claims about changes in inequality and their interrelations with economic and political life, patterns of redistribution, social institutions, and social and individual wellbeing more generally
Nonmoney income and the elderly: The case of the tweeners
This paper examines the degree of economic security experienced by the population aged 65 and over. Elderly people in the United States now enjoy an average degree of economic well being that is high relative to the younger population. Within that average there is variance, however. This analysis finds that elderly persons in the lower‐middle income range—within 100 and 200 percent of the poverty line—are economically more vulnerable than either …
Nonmoney Income and the Elderly: The Case of the 'Tweeners
Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-Being
Journal Article Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-Being Get access Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Weil-Being. Edited by MARTIN DAVID and TIMOTHY SMEEDING. (Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985. Pp. xi + 522. à £46.75 hardback.) Geoffrey Lewis Geoffrey Lewis University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 97, Issue 386, 1 Ju…
Allocating Health Resources
The director of the Hastings Center reviews eight books published\nbetween 1986 and 1988 that address the problem of how the United States can\ndevise a health care policy that provides adequate care at an affordable\nprice. In his own discussion of the issue, the author emphasizes that the\nfailure of every effort to contain costs points toward rationing as the only\nfeasible solution, but that this will be difficult to achieve because public\no…
Equivalence Scales, Well‐being, Inequality, and Poverty: Sensitivity Estimates Across Ten Countries Using the Luxembourg Income Study (Lis) Database
The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database on which this article is based offers researchers exciting new possibilities for international comparisons based on household income microdata. Among the choices the LIS microdata allows a researcher, e.g. income definition, income accounting unit, etc., is the choice of family equivalence scale, a method for estimating economic well‐being by adjusting income for measurable differences in need. The range…
The Luxembourg Income Study: The Use of International Telecommunications in Comparative Social Research
A computerized telecommunications network, the BITNET-EARN-NETNORTH system, has made it possible for some 588 universities worldwide to efficiently access large-scale statistical data sets stored at one central facility. There are practical and traditional difficulties in comparative international research projects, and the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) seeks to overcome them. The advantages and disadvantages of housing a statistical data base su…
Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study
Journal Article Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study Get access Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study. Edited by TIMOTHY M. SMEEDING, MICHAEL O'HIGGINS AND LEE RAINWATER. (New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990. Pp. xxv+193. à à à à £30.00 hardback. ISBN 0 7450 0335 4.) Fiona Coulter Fiona Coulter University of Bat…
Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective: The Luxembourg Income Study
Le bien-etre economique des enfants europeens: Une Perspective Comparative
Rainwater Lee, Smeeding Timothy M. Le bien-être économique des enfants européens. Une perspective comparative.. In: Population, 49e année, n°6, 1994. L'enfant dans la famille, vingt ans de changements. pp. 1437-1449
Le bien-être économique des enfants européens. Une perspective comparative
Rainwater (Lee), Smeeding (Timothy M.)- - Le bien-être économique des enfants européens : une perspective comparative Une enquête comparative dans les pays industriels, le Luxembourg Income Study, permet de mesurer le bien-être économique des enfants au cours des années 1980. 12 pays sont en Europe (Allemagne, Belgique, Finlande, France, Irlande, Italie, Luxembourg, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Suisse) et 4 hors d'Europe (Australie, Can…
Economic mobility of young workers in the 1970s and 1980s
This paper uses longitudinal data to estimate cohort changes in the earnings trajectories of young adult males. Levels of earnings are uniformly lower for male workers turning 21 between 1980 and 1991 than in 1970–1979, although rates of earnings growth are roughly comparable. Among males turning 21 before 1980, six in 10 (60%) of all men and seven in 10 (71%) college-educated men attained earnings levels by age 30 that were at least twice the po…
The Cost of Caring: Childhood Disability and Poor Families
Children in poor families are at heightened risk for disabilities and chronic health problems, and care for these children can impose substantial costs on families and public programs. Although the prevalence and costs of disabilities among poor children have important policy implications, they have been largely overlooked in research on poverty and welfare and on the costs of childhood disabilities. This article analyzes the prevalence of childh…
Income Transitions in Central European Households
Expensive Children in Poor Families: Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for the Care of Disabled and Chronically Ill Children in Welfare Families
A significant minority of poor families care for children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. This study is among the first to explore private costs resulting from children's disabilities among low-income families. We find that almost half of the sample of California AFDC families with special-needs children incurred some direct, out-of-pocket expenses in the preceding month, and about 20% incurred total costs exceeding $100. We also estimat…
Child well-being, child poverty and child policy: What do we know?
Child well-being child poverty and child policy: What Do We Know?
This revised edition includes a new foreword and an updated introduction and conclusion providing insights into the key issues. The book's contributors are all leading experts in their fields, and have studied the extent of child poverty, its consequences for children and the effectiveness of policies of prevention.
Child well-being, child poverty and child policy in modern nations (Revised 2nd Edition): What do we know?
Child poverty and the well-being of children is an important policy issue throughout the industrialised world. Some 47 million children in ‘rich’ countries live in families so poor that their health and well-being are at risk. The main themes addressed in this book are: the extent and trend of child poverty in industrialised nations; outcomes for children – for example, the relationship between childhood experiences and children's health; country…
Child well-being, child poverty and child policy in modern nations: What do we know?
Gender inequality in poverty in affluent nations: The role of single motherhood and the state
This chapter compares modern nations in the dimension of female poverty. The Luxembourg Income Study is used to compare the poverty rates of men and women living in eight Western industrialised countries circa the early 1990s. The chapter provides a particular set of criteria that signify the type of people who are considered ‘in poverty’, and examines the ratio of men's to women's poverty rate. It uses simple demographic simulation methods in or…
U. S. Poverty in a Cross-national Context
Understanding Poverty
In spite of an unprecedented period of growth and prosperity, the poverty rate in the U.S. remains high relative to the levels of the early 1970s and relative to those in many industrialized countries today. This book brings the problem of poverty in America to the fore, focusing on its nature and extent at the dawn of the 21st century
Child well-being, child poverty and child policy in modern nations: What do we know
Cross-National Differences in Employment and Economic Sufficiency
Economic independence is an important indicator of the transition to adulthood. This article portrays the level of economic in dependence among young adults, ages eighteen to thirty-two, in seven industrialized countries. The cross-national variations the authors uncover help one understand how work, family, and comparative income packages affect economic self-sufficiency. In all countries, young women are less able than are young men to become e…
The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State
In this article we examine gender gaps in poverty in the United States and seven other Western nations, asking how single motherhood, market earnings, and welfare states affect gender inequality in poverty. Our analyses speak to the theoretical literature emphasizing the gendered logic and effects of welfare states and labor markets. We find that single-mother families have higher poverty rates than other families in all nations except Sweden, th…
Sliding into Poverty? Cross-National Patterns of Income Source Change and Income Decay in Old Age
Economics (63 works) · Economic growth (40 works) · Political science (40 works) · Demographic economics (37 works) · Poverty (35 works) · Sociology (35 works) · Income, Poverty, and Inequality (28 works) · Development economics (24 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (24 works) · Inequality (23 works)