Henry Markovits
Biographic Data
| ID | 2746013 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Henry Markovits |
| GIVEN NAMES | Henry |
| FAMILY NAME | Markovits |
| SIGNATURE | MARKOVITS H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Université du Québec à Montréal |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9036-5035 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Interactions between context and content in elementary syllogistic reasoning
While content effects on syllogistic conditional reasoning have been studied extensively, context effects have mostly been studied in the form of pragmatic interpretation of premises. In this study, we propose to study the influence of context as a modulator of retrieval of alternative antecedents, which are known to determine responses on Affirmation of the consequent syllogisms (“If P then Q. Q is true. Therefore, P is true.”; Markovits, H., & …
Evidence for some form of abstract logical intuition
Fast reasoning and metacognition
The effects of strength and activation level of belief on belief-biased reasoning
The paradoxical effects of time pressure on base rate neglect
Reasoning outside the box: Divergent thinking is related to logical reasoning
Reasoning strategy vs cognitive capacity as predictors of individual differences in reasoning performance
Divergent Thinking Promotes Deductive Reasoning in Preschoolers
This study explored the hypothesis that preschoolers’ deductive reasoning would be improved by encouraging use of divergent thinking (DT). Children of 4–5 years of age (n = 120) were randomly given DT or neutral control exercises before deductive reasoning problems. To allow a stronger test of the hypothesis, half of the children receiving the DT exercises were given explicit examples, which have been shown to reduce ideational originality. Resul…
Social contact and hormonal changes predict post-conflict cooperation between friends
Warriors and Worriers: The Survival of the Sexes
Chapter 1. Introduction: What is the Difference Between a Boy and a Girl? Part I Warriors Chapter 2. Enemy Fighting: A Man's Basic Instinct Chapter 3. Male Friends: Recruiting a Fighting Force Chapter 4. Organizing the Military: Groups of Egalitarian Men Part II Worriers Chapter 5. Protecting Herself: A Woman's Basic Instinct Chapter 6. Female Friends: Smile, then Eliminate the Competition Chapter 7. Organizing her Family: The Vulnerable and the …
Physical aggression facilitates social information processing
Gender and priming differences in speed of processing of information relating to social structure
Reasoning With Premises That Are Not Empirically True: Evidence for the Role of Inhibition and Retrieval
Two studies examined conditional reasoning with false premises. In Study 1, 12- and 16-year-old adolescents made "if-then" inferences after producing an alternative antecedent for the major premise. Older participants made more errors on the simple modus ponens inference than did younger ones. Reasoning with a false premise reduced this effect. Study 2 examined the relation between performance on a negative priming task (S. P. Tipper, 1985) and r…
The Development of Conditional Reasoning: A Mental Model Account
The development of reasoning with causal conditionals
A total of 512 children in Grades 1 through 6 received a conditional inference task using causal conditionals (If cause P, then effect Q) and a generation of alternatives task. The inference task used premises for which there were few or many possible alternative causes. Results show a steady age-related increase in uncertainty responses to the two uncertain logical forms, affirmation of consequent (AC) and denial of antecedent (DA), and an incre…
The relation between accuracy of self-perception and cognitive development
Background. It is now widely recognised that student's self-perceptions of competence have an effect on their behaviours and learning. Previous studies have shown that children only gradually develop the ability to evaluate accurately their own competence. One possible explanation for this is that younger children have not reached a level of cognitive development required to perform such evaluations.Aims. The objective of these two studies was to…
Conditional reasoning, representation, and level of abstraction
This study examined the idea that (a) reasoning involves construction of mental representations (models) of premises and that (b) there is a developmental progression in the ability of subjects to reason with models containing concrete and abstract elements
Development of elementary deductive reasoning in young children
This study examined the claim (Hawkins, Pea, Glick, & Scribner, 1984) that young children can reason deductively with content for which «practical knowledge is irrelevant». Ss 6, 8, and 11 years of age were given a set of standard logical syllogisms and a matching set of illogical ones
Incorrect conditional reasoning among adults: Competence or performance
Two groups of university students were given paper-and-pencil conditional reasoning tests. One group received problems based on a simple pr̊q relation, while for the second this relation was embedded in a paragraph describing other relations of the form ar̊q. Results showed that overall performance was better for the second group, confirming previous studies. However, detailed analysis of response patterns indicated that the effect of adding info…
Awareness of the 'possible' as a mediator of formal thinking in conditional reasoning problems
This study attempted to test the hypothesis that formal reasoning on conditional logic problems of the form pr̊q is mediated by awareness of the existence and pertinence of possible relations of the form ar̊q. A paper-and-pencil test consisting of three conditional reasoning problems and a fourth question designed to measure subjects' awareness of alternate possibilities within the context of a given conditional relation was administered to 239 p…
Development of elementary deductive reasoning in young children
This study examined the claim (Hawkins, Pea, Glick, & Scribner, 1984) that young children can reason deductively with content for which «practical knowledge is irrelevant». Ss 6, 8, and 11 years of age were given a set of standard logical syllogisms and a matching set of illogical ones
Conditional reasoning, representation, and level of abstraction
This study examined the idea that (a) reasoning involves construction of mental representations (models) of premises and that (b) there is a developmental progression in the ability of subjects to reason with models containing concrete and abstract elements
Reasoning With Premises That Are Not Empirically True: Evidence for the Role of Inhibition and Retrieval
Two studies examined conditional reasoning with false premises. In Study 1, 12- and 16-year-old adolescents made "if-then" inferences after producing an alternative antecedent for the major premise. Older participants made more errors on the simple modus ponens inference than did younger ones. Reasoning with a false premise reduced this effect. Study 2 examined the relation between performance on a negative priming task (S. P. Tipper, 1985) and r…
The development of reasoning with causal conditionals
A total of 512 children in Grades 1 through 6 received a conditional inference task using causal conditionals (If cause P, then effect Q) and a generation of alternatives task. The inference task used premises for which there were few or many possible alternative causes. Results show a steady age-related increase in uncertainty responses to the two uncertain logical forms, affirmation of consequent (AC) and denial of antecedent (DA), and an incre…
The relation between accuracy of self-perception and cognitive development
Background. It is now widely recognised that student's self-perceptions of competence have an effect on their behaviours and learning. Previous studies have shown that children only gradually develop the ability to evaluate accurately their own competence. One possible explanation for this is that younger children have not reached a level of cognitive development required to perform such evaluations.Aims. The objective of these two studies was to…
Gender and priming differences in speed of processing of information relating to social structure
Incorrect conditional reasoning among adults: Competence or performance
Two groups of university students were given paper-and-pencil conditional reasoning tests. One group received problems based on a simple pr̊q relation, while for the second this relation was embedded in a paragraph describing other relations of the form ar̊q. Results showed that overall performance was better for the second group, confirming previous studies. However, detailed analysis of response patterns indicated that the effect of adding info…
Awareness of the 'possible' as a mediator of formal thinking in conditional reasoning problems
This study attempted to test the hypothesis that formal reasoning on conditional logic problems of the form pr̊q is mediated by awareness of the existence and pertinence of possible relations of the form ar̊q. A paper-and-pencil test consisting of three conditional reasoning problems and a fourth question designed to measure subjects' awareness of alternate possibilities within the context of a given conditional relation was administered to 239 p…
Awareness of the 'possible' as a mediator of formal thinking in conditional reasoning problems
This study attempted to test the hypothesis that formal reasoning on conditional logic problems of the form pr̊q is mediated by awareness of the existence and pertinence of possible relations of the form ar̊q. A paper-and-pencil test consisting of three conditional reasoning problems and a fourth question designed to measure subjects' awareness of alternate possibilities within the context of a given conditional relation was administered to 239 p…
Incorrect conditional reasoning among adults: Competence or performance
Two groups of university students were given paper-and-pencil conditional reasoning tests. One group received problems based on a simple pr̊q relation, while for the second this relation was embedded in a paragraph describing other relations of the form ar̊q. Results showed that overall performance was better for the second group, confirming previous studies. However, detailed analysis of response patterns indicated that the effect of adding info…
Development of elementary deductive reasoning in young children
This study examined the claim (Hawkins, Pea, Glick, & Scribner, 1984) that young children can reason deductively with content for which «practical knowledge is irrelevant». Ss 6, 8, and 11 years of age were given a set of standard logical syllogisms and a matching set of illogical ones
Conditional reasoning, representation, and level of abstraction
This study examined the idea that (a) reasoning involves construction of mental representations (models) of premises and that (b) there is a developmental progression in the ability of subjects to reason with models containing concrete and abstract elements
The relation between accuracy of self-perception and cognitive development
Background. It is now widely recognised that student's self-perceptions of competence have an effect on their behaviours and learning. Previous studies have shown that children only gradually develop the ability to evaluate accurately their own competence. One possible explanation for this is that younger children have not reached a level of cognitive development required to perform such evaluations.Aims. The objective of these two studies was to…
The development of reasoning with causal conditionals
A total of 512 children in Grades 1 through 6 received a conditional inference task using causal conditionals (If cause P, then effect Q) and a generation of alternatives task. The inference task used premises for which there were few or many possible alternative causes. Results show a steady age-related increase in uncertainty responses to the two uncertain logical forms, affirmation of consequent (AC) and denial of antecedent (DA), and an incre…
The Development of Conditional Reasoning: A Mental Model Account
Reasoning With Premises That Are Not Empirically True: Evidence for the Role of Inhibition and Retrieval
Two studies examined conditional reasoning with false premises. In Study 1, 12- and 16-year-old adolescents made "if-then" inferences after producing an alternative antecedent for the major premise. Older participants made more errors on the simple modus ponens inference than did younger ones. Reasoning with a false premise reduced this effect. Study 2 examined the relation between performance on a negative priming task (S. P. Tipper, 1985) and r…
Gender and priming differences in speed of processing of information relating to social structure
Physical aggression facilitates social information processing
Warriors and Worriers: The Survival of the Sexes
Chapter 1. Introduction: What is the Difference Between a Boy and a Girl? Part I Warriors Chapter 2. Enemy Fighting: A Man's Basic Instinct Chapter 3. Male Friends: Recruiting a Fighting Force Chapter 4. Organizing the Military: Groups of Egalitarian Men Part II Worriers Chapter 5. Protecting Herself: A Woman's Basic Instinct Chapter 6. Female Friends: Smile, then Eliminate the Competition Chapter 7. Organizing her Family: The Vulnerable and the …
Social contact and hormonal changes predict post-conflict cooperation between friends
Divergent Thinking Promotes Deductive Reasoning in Preschoolers
This study explored the hypothesis that preschoolers’ deductive reasoning would be improved by encouraging use of divergent thinking (DT). Children of 4–5 years of age (n = 120) were randomly given DT or neutral control exercises before deductive reasoning problems. To allow a stronger test of the hypothesis, half of the children receiving the DT exercises were given explicit examples, which have been shown to reduce ideational originality. Resul…
Reasoning strategy vs cognitive capacity as predictors of individual differences in reasoning performance
Reasoning outside the box: Divergent thinking is related to logical reasoning
The paradoxical effects of time pressure on base rate neglect
The effects of strength and activation level of belief on belief-biased reasoning
Evidence for some form of abstract logical intuition
Fast reasoning and metacognition
Interactions between context and content in elementary syllogistic reasoning
While content effects on syllogistic conditional reasoning have been studied extensively, context effects have mostly been studied in the form of pragmatic interpretation of premises. In this study, we propose to study the influence of context as a modulator of retrieval of alternative antecedents, which are known to determine responses on Affirmation of the consequent syllogisms (“If P then Q. Q is true. Therefore, P is true.”; Markovits, H., & …
Psychology (19 works) · Cognitive psychology (16 works) · Cognition (15 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Verbal reasoning (7 works) · Child and Animal Learning Development (6 works) · Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning (6 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works)