Cynthia B Lloyd
Biographic Data
| ID | 274615 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Cynthia B Lloyd |
| GIVEN NAMES | Cynthia B |
| FAMILY NAME | Lloyd |
| SIGNATURE | LLOYD C B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Population Council |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 436 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Youth Migration and Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries
Archined est l’archive ouverte institutionnelle et la base patrimoniale des publications, communications et autres travaux scientifiques produits par les chercheur.e.s, y compris les chercheur.e.s associé.e.s, et ingénieur.e.s de l’Ined
Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
Although there is a limited literature in English on Algeria, it does contain some gems. This is one of them. It is a balanced and sympathetic approach which will enhance our understanding of that country. Martin Evans and John Phillips tackle a difficult subject: our view of Algeria has tended to focus on the traumatic war of independence from France in the 1950s, framed for many by Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers (1966). Following Indep…
Gender Differences in Time Use Among Adolescents in Developing Countries: Implications of Rising School Enrollment Rates
This comparative analysis of gender differences in time use among adolescents uses surveys from five developing countries and is motivated by an interest in gender role socialization and gendered patterns of behavior during adolescence. Exploring differences in work (both noneconomic household work and labor market work) and leisure time among adolescents according to school enrollment status, we examine the implications of school enrollment for …
Associations Between Premarital Sex and Leaving School in Four Sub‐Saharan African Countries
With the spread of formal schooling in sub‐Saharan Africa and delays in the age at marriage, a growing proportion of adolescents remain enrolled in school when they “come of age.” As a consequence, more and more adolescents have to negotiate sexual maturation and sexual initiation in a vastly different context from that of prior generations. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Ugan…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Marriage and childbirth as factors in dropping out from school: An analysis of DHS data from sub-Saharan Africa
Leaving school prematurely is often claimed to be among the most negative consequences of early marriage and pregnancy for girls in less developed countries. However, an analysis of the relative frequency with which these events actually occur or are named as reasons for leaving school reveals that, at least in the case of francophone Africa, they explain no more than 20 per cent of dropouts. To the extent that demographic events trump school or …
Growing Up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries
The Effect of Gender Differences in Primary School Access, Type, and Quality on the Decision to Enroll in Rural Pakistan
The article explores the effect of primary school access, type (public vs. private), and quality on parents’ decision to enroll their children in rural Pakistan using a 1997 survey. The authors find that, for girls, living in a village with an all‐girls’ public school makes a significant difference in the likelihood of enrollment. The quality of the girls’ school is also a significant factor influencing parents’ decision to enroll their girls. Bo…
Schooling Opportunities for Girls as a Stimulus for Fertility Change in Rural Pakistan
The authors acknowledge the generous support of the Rockefeller Foundation and the This paper tests Caldwell’s mass schooling hypothesis in the context of rural Pakistan. His hypothesis was that the onset of the fertility transition is closely linked to the achievement of “mass formal schooling ” of boys and girls. Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) were selected for this study because they appear to be on the leading edge of the demog…
Women's lives and rapid fertility decline: Some lessons from Bangladesh and Egypt
Premarital Sex, Schoolgirl Pregnancy, and School Quality in Rural Kenya
Using data from nearly 600 adolescents aged 12–19 in combination with data collected from 33 primary schools that the adolescents attended, this report explores whether certain aspects of the school environment affect the initiation of premarital sex among girls and boys in three districts of Kenya. The results suggest that, although neither the school nor the home appears to influence whether boys engage in sex prior to marriage, for girls, a sc…
The Spread of Primary Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Fertility Change
In 1980 Caldwell hypothesized that the time of the onset of the fertility transition in developing countries would be linked with the achievement of "mass formal schooling." This article applies Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling patterns and trends for 23 sub-Saharan African countries, using the percentage of 15-19-year olds who have completed at least four years of schooling as an indicator of progress in education. As backg…
Gender Differences in the Schooling Experiences of Adolescents in Low-Income Countries: The Case of Kenya
High Fertility in Rural Uganda: The Role of Socioeconomic and Biological Factors
Data from Demographic and Health Surveys comparative surveys conducted in Ankole and a 1984 survey of the elderly in Ankole are used in this monograph to present a comprehensive analysis of fertility in Ankole Uganda. This monograph is different from preceding monographs in this series by including several additional variables: an analysis of household property the influence of the extended family the length of birth intervals and the incidence o…
Negotiating Reproductive Outcomes in Uganda
This is a valuable study not only because of what it tells us about how couples reproduction in Uganda but more importantly because of its insights about the complexities that surround sexual relationships in all societies, as well as the example it sets for future research in this area. Further analyses are planned and much sophisticated analysis will be possible with the data that have been collected. The full text of the survey instruments, wh…
Men in Families; Report of a Consultation on the role of Males and Fathers in Achieving Gender Equality
Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing
Children's Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fathers, Mothers, and Others
Multinomial logistic regression techniques are used to estimate personal and familial determinants of childrens participation and progress in school in seven sub-Saharan African countries. Data are obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys for Kenya and Tanzania Cameroon and Niger and Malawi Namibia and Zambia. Findings indicate that most 10-14 year olds were currently enrolled in school with the exception of Niger. However few in this age gro…
The State of World Population 1995
Investments in Women's Human Capital
How are human capital investments allocated between women and men? What are the returns to investments in women's nutrition, health care, education, mobility and training? Presenting 13 empirical analyses, this text explores the nature of human capital distributions to women and their effect on outcomes within the family. The first section considers the experiences of high-income countries, examining topics such as: the limitations of industriali…
Where Did All the Men Go? Female-Headed/Female-Supported Households in Cross-Cultural Perspective
A study of the rise in female-headed and female-supported households, this book reveals the disproportionate representation of women and children among the world's poor to structures of inequality in their particular national contexts and examines the strategies employed by women to make a way out of no way. Drawing on examples from around the world, the contributors focus on the factors - restructuring of the labour markets or death and migratio…
Autonomy and Gender in Egyptian Families
Women's Education in Developing Countries: Barriers, Benefits, and Policies
Despite the great expansion of educational opportunities worldwide during the past thirty years, women in most developing countries still receive less schooling than men. Yet there is compelling evidence that the education of girls and women promotes both individual and national well-being. An example is the strong links between a woman's education and her employment and income. Another is that better-educated women bear fewer children, who have …
High Fertility and Children's Schooling in Ghana: Sex Differences in Parental Contributions and Educational Outcomes
This paper explores the linkages at the family level between sustained high fertility and children's schooling in Ghana, in the context of a constrained economic environment and rising school fees. The unique feature of the paper is its exploration of the operational significance of alternative definitions of “sib size” – the number of “same-mother” siblings and “same-father” siblings – in relation to enrolment, grade attainment, and school drop-…
Adolescent Fertility in sub-Saharan Africa
The author considers elements of National Research Council reports on adolescent fertility and economic reversals in sub-Saharan Africa. The fertility report published findings drawn from new Demographic and Health Survey data and related literature to note a change in the social context of adolescent childbearing as a result of increasing secondary school enrollments and later ages at marriage. Overall fertility among adolescents is falling in a…
Children's Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fathers, Mothers, and Others
Multinomial logistic regression techniques are used to estimate personal and familial determinants of childrens participation and progress in school in seven sub-Saharan African countries. Data are obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys for Kenya and Tanzania Cameroon and Niger and Malawi Namibia and Zambia. Findings indicate that most 10-14 year olds were currently enrolled in school with the exception of Niger. However few in this age gro…
Marriage and childbirth as factors in dropping out from school: An analysis of DHS data from sub-Saharan Africa
Leaving school prematurely is often claimed to be among the most negative consequences of early marriage and pregnancy for girls in less developed countries. However, an analysis of the relative frequency with which these events actually occur or are named as reasons for leaving school reveals that, at least in the case of francophone Africa, they explain no more than 20 per cent of dropouts. To the extent that demographic events trump school or …
The Spread of Primary Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Fertility Change
In 1980 Caldwell hypothesized that the time of the onset of the fertility transition in developing countries would be linked with the achievement of "mass formal schooling." This article applies Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling patterns and trends for 23 sub-Saharan African countries, using the percentage of 15-19-year olds who have completed at least four years of schooling as an indicator of progress in education. As backg…
Women, Work and Wages: Equal Pay for Jobs of Equal Value, by Donald J. Treiman and Heidi I. Hartmann
Children's living arrangements in developing countries
The Effects of Improved Child Survival on Family Planning Practice and Fertility
The relationship between improvements in child survival, family planning, and fertility is viewed here as the outcome of a process of family building that evolves through distinct phases as the mortality transition progresses. The speed with which family building strategies evolve from "family building by fate" to "family building by design" and from "insurance" to "replacement" as child survival improves depends on the pattern (by age and causes…
High Fertility and Children's Schooling in Ghana: Sex Differences in Parental Contributions and Educational Outcomes
This paper explores the linkages at the family level between sustained high fertility and children's schooling in Ghana, in the context of a constrained economic environment and rising school fees. The unique feature of the paper is its exploration of the operational significance of alternative definitions of “sib size” – the number of “same-mother” siblings and “same-father” siblings – in relation to enrolment, grade attainment, and school drop-…
Women's Role in Maintaining Households: Family Welfare and Sexual Inequality in Ghana
Over the last 30 years in Ghana, the proportion of households headed by women has increased and the composition of these households has shifted, with a growing percentage of households headed by the divorced and widowed. The paper assesses the implications of these trends for family welfare, and evaluates more broadly the current role of women in the economic maintenance of households with children, using data from the Ghana Living Standards Surv…
Associations Between Premarital Sex and Leaving School in Four Sub‐Saharan African Countries
With the spread of formal schooling in sub‐Saharan Africa and delays in the age at marriage, a growing proportion of adolescents remain enrolled in school when they “come of age.” As a consequence, more and more adolescents have to negotiate sexual maturation and sexual initiation in a vastly different context from that of prior generations. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Ugan…
Premarital Sex, Schoolgirl Pregnancy, and School Quality in Rural Kenya
Using data from nearly 600 adolescents aged 12–19 in combination with data collected from 33 primary schools that the adolescents attended, this report explores whether certain aspects of the school environment affect the initiation of premarital sex among girls and boys in three districts of Kenya. The results suggest that, although neither the school nor the home appears to influence whether boys engage in sex prior to marriage, for girls, a sc…
Gender Differences in the Schooling Experiences of Adolescents in Low-Income Countries: The Case of Kenya
The economics of sex differentials
Gender Differences in Time Use Among Adolescents in Developing Countries: Implications of Rising School Enrollment Rates
This comparative analysis of gender differences in time use among adolescents uses surveys from five developing countries and is motivated by an interest in gender role socialization and gendered patterns of behavior during adolescence. Exploring differences in work (both noneconomic household work and labor market work) and leisure time among adolescents according to school enrollment status, we examine the implications of school enrollment for …
Youth Migration and Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries
Archined est l’archive ouverte institutionnelle et la base patrimoniale des publications, communications et autres travaux scientifiques produits par les chercheur.e.s, y compris les chercheur.e.s associé.e.s, et ingénieur.e.s de l’Ined
The Contribution of the World Fertility Surveys to an Understanding of The Relationship Between Women's Work and Fertility
A consistent negative association between women's paid work and fertility in developed countries has emerged from many years of research. Results from research in developing countries are more ambiguous, with as many examples of a positive association as of a negative one. Lack of data comparability has often hampered interpretation of results. The World Fertility Surveys (WFS)--undertaken in 40 developing countries between 1974-81, using a commo…
Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
Although there is a limited literature in English on Algeria, it does contain some gems. This is one of them. It is a balanced and sympathetic approach which will enhance our understanding of that country. Martin Evans and John Phillips tackle a difficult subject: our view of Algeria has tended to focus on the traumatic war of independence from France in the 1950s, framed for many by Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers (1966). Following Indep…
Women's lives and rapid fertility decline: Some lessons from Bangladesh and Egypt
The Effect of Gender Differences in Primary School Access, Type, and Quality on the Decision to Enroll in Rural Pakistan
The article explores the effect of primary school access, type (public vs. private), and quality on parents’ decision to enroll their children in rural Pakistan using a 1997 survey. The authors find that, for girls, living in a village with an all‐girls’ public school makes a significant difference in the likelihood of enrollment. The quality of the girls’ school is also a significant factor influencing parents’ decision to enroll their girls. Bo…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Schooling Opportunities for Girls as a Stimulus for Fertility Change in Rural Pakistan
The authors acknowledge the generous support of the Rockefeller Foundation and the This paper tests Caldwell’s mass schooling hypothesis in the context of rural Pakistan. His hypothesis was that the onset of the fertility transition is closely linked to the achievement of “mass formal schooling ” of boys and girls. Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) were selected for this study because they appear to be on the leading edge of the demog…
Adolescent Fertility in sub-Saharan Africa
The author considers elements of National Research Council reports on adolescent fertility and economic reversals in sub-Saharan Africa. The fertility report published findings drawn from new Demographic and Health Survey data and related literature to note a change in the social context of adolescent childbearing as a result of increasing secondary school enrollments and later ages at marriage. Overall fertility among adolescents is falling in a…
Fertility, Family Size, and Structure: Consequences for Families and Children
Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women
Sex Differentials in Earnings and Unemployment Rates
Exploitation from 9 to 5: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Women and Employment
Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor
Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor
The economics of sex differentials
Women in the Labor Market
Women in the Labor Market
Women in the Labor Market
The Economics of Sex Differentials
Women, Work and Wages: Equal Pay for Jobs of Equal Value, by Donald J. Treiman and Heidi I. Hartmann
Employment Hazards
The Economics of Sex Differentials
The Employment Revolution: Young American Women of the 1970s, by Frank L. Mott, ed
The young American women of the 1970s were a generation caught in between the ideas of their mothers which embraced hearth and home and new goals of liberation and equality in society and the workplace. They became a pioneering generation, staking out new and open social territory. If they did not reach the promise of equality, they have made life easier for those who would follow. If many remained home-bound because of social pressures and other…
The Effects of Improved Child Survival on Family Planning Practice and Fertility
The relationship between improvements in child survival, family planning, and fertility is viewed here as the outcome of a process of family building that evolves through distinct phases as the mortality transition progresses. The speed with which family building strategies evolve from "family building by fate" to "family building by design" and from "insurance" to "replacement" as child survival improves depends on the pattern (by age and causes…
Egypt: Demographic Responses to Modernization
The major objectives of this volume are 1) to identify the salient features of the diversity in patterns of demographic preference and behavior in Egypt and 2) to investigate the way in which social and economic modernization has shaped these patterns and affected the underlying process. The studies presented here draw on the data collected in the Egyptian Fertility Survey conducted in 1980 by the Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statis…
The State of African Demography
This publication on the current status of African demography was prepared for the Third African Population Conference of the IUSSP held in Dakar Senegal in 1988. Following an initial introduction it consists of eight chapters by various authors on aspects of African demography. chapters are devoted to data collection; to fertility [including family planning] and the underlying continuity and change in the African family; to mortality levels the h…
Annotated Bibliography on Women in Development in Asia and the Pacific
Allocation of Income Within the Household
Allocation of Income within the Household develops an important new economic model of income distribution within the family, one that attempts to determine which family characteristics affect spending patterns. Professors Lazear and Michael base their work on an analysis of the 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey and test their conclusions against the 1960-61 survey to verify the persistence of the effects discovered. They find, for example, that…
The Limits of Social Policy
Population Size in African Countries: An Evaluation
Beyond the Woodfuel Crisis: People, Land and Trees in Africa
Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women
Making Women Matter: The Role of the United Nations
Part 1 Towards new millennia - forward from Nairobi: what happened in Nairobi in 1985? NGO forum 1985 the world conferences of the UN decade for women, Nairobi. Part 2 Development from women's point of view: first time in history the world survey of the role of women in development another assessment on women and development the voice of women themselves five years later... deepening gender perspectives human development - the ultimate focus a we…
The Contribution of the World Fertility Surveys to an Understanding of The Relationship Between Women's Work and Fertility
A consistent negative association between women's paid work and fertility in developed countries has emerged from many years of research. Results from research in developing countries are more ambiguous, with as many examples of a positive association as of a negative one. Lack of data comparability has often hampered interpretation of results. The World Fertility Surveys (WFS)--undertaken in 40 developing countries between 1974-81, using a commo…
The Feminization of Poverty: Only in America
Economics (44 works) · Sociology (35 works) · Political science (27 works) · Geography (24 works) · Demography (22 works) · Demographic economics (20 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (20 works) · Economic growth (19 works) · Population (19 works) · Psychology (17 works)