Robert J Snowden
Biographic Data
| ID | 2747417 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert J Snowden |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert J |
| FAMILY NAME | Snowden |
| SIGNATURE | SNOWDEN R J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cardiff University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9900-480X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Visual spatial attention to sexual stimuli
Visual events of high salience are thought to automatically attract visual processing resources to their location. Hence, we should expect that stimuli with sexual content should trigger such a movement of visual resources. However, evidence for such an allocation of visual resources is sparse and rather contradictory. In two studies we tested this hypothesis. Using a dot-probe task, Experiment 1 showed that targets occurring at the location of a…
Implicit Sexual Cognitions in Women with Ambiphilic Sexual Attractions: A Comparison to Androphilic and Gynephilic Women
Previous research using indirect cognitive measures (sometimes referred to as implicit measures) of sexual attraction have shown that women who are attracted to men (androphilic women) show category non-specific responses, whereas those who are attracted to women (gynephilic) show a category-specific bias to women. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether women who explicitly report approximately equal attraction to men and women (…
A randomised controlled trial evaluating the Guide Cymru mental health literacy intervention programme in year 9 (age 13–14) school pupils in Wales
ISRCTN15462041. Registered 03/10/2019
Reducing sickness absence and stigma due to mental health difficulties: A randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for comm…
ISRCTN12040087. Registered 04/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12040087 . A full protocol for the randomised control trial was published: Gray NS, Davies H, Snowden RJ: Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: a protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for co…
Automatic Attention to Sexual Images of Men and Women in Androphilic, Ambiphilic, and Gynephilic Women
Attentional resources might be automatically attracted to highly motivational stimuli such as a possible sexual partner. We tested whether attention would be automatically attracted to images of men vs women in women with a self-reported sexual attraction to men (androphilic), women (gynephilic) or to both men and women (ambiphilic) in a dot-probe paradigm. While androphilic women showed a small bias toward the female images, both ambiphilic and …
The implicit measurement of psychopathy
This study explored whether psychopathic traits might be measured using indirect or “implicit” measures. Three Implicit Association Tests, reflecting each domain of the Triarchic model of psychopathy: Boldness, Meanness and Disinhibition, were completed by mixed-gender, community-based samples (ns = 334, 376, 358). Each IAT demonstrated good internal reliability and showed concurrent validity. Associations with self-report scores on a validated e…
Automatic processing of emotional images and psychopathic personality traits
Psychopathy is associated with a deficit in affective processes and might be reflected in the inability to extract the emotional content of a stimulus. Across two experiments, we measured the interference effect from emotional images that were irrelevant to the processing of simultaneous target stimuli and examined if this interference was moderated by psychometrically defined traits of psychopathy. In Experiment 1, we showed this emotional distr…
Secondary school students’ perception of the online teaching experience during Covid‐19: The impact on mental wellbeing and specific learning difficulties
BACKGROUND: Student engagement and concentration is critical for successful learning. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of online learning which may affect engagement and concentration, particularly for those students with specific learning difficulties. AIMS: Students would show lower scores on all the measures of student experience when judging these during online learning versus learning within the cla…
Structured Professional Judgment to Assist the Evaluation and Safety Planning of Suicide Risk: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP)
Background: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP) is a structured professional judgment (SPJ) scheme designed in line with NICE guidelines to improve clinicians' ability to evaluate and manage suicide risk. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RoSP in two settings: (1) unexpected deaths of people in the community who were known to mental health services; and (2) an inpatient hospital specializing in the assessment and treatment of pat…
The Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Well-Being and Psychological Distress: Impact Upon a Single Country
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected the psychological well-being and mental health of many people. Data on prevalence rates of mental health problems are needed for mental health service planning. Psychological well-being and prevalence of clinically significant mental distress were measured in a large sample from Wales 11-16 weeks into lockdown and compared to population-based data collected in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. Dat…
Improving mental health literacy in year 9 high school children across Wales: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a mental health literacy programme across an entire country
ISRCTN15462041. Registered 03/10/2019
Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low…
ISRCTN12040087. Retrospectively registered 04/05/2020
Reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in the assessment of risk for institutional violence: A cautionary note on DeMatteo et al. (2020)
A group of 12 authors (GA) shared a statement of concern (SoC) warning against the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003) to assess risk for serious institutional violence in US capital sentencing cases (DeMatteo et al., 2020). Notably, the SoC was not confined to capital sentencing issues, but included institutional violence in general. Central to the arguments presented in the SoC was that the PCL-R has poor pre…
The PCL–R and capital sentencing: A commentary on “Death is different” DeMatteo et al. (2020a)
DeMatteo et al. (2020a) published a Statement in this journal declaring that the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) “cannot and should not” be used in U.S. capital-sentencing cases to assess risk for serious institutional violence. Their stated concerns were the PCL-R’s “imperfect interrater reliability,” its “variability in predictive validity,” and its prejudicial effects on the defendant. In a Cautionary Note, we (Olver et al., 2020) raised…
Pupillary Responses to Static Images of Men and Women: A Possible Measure of Sexual Interest
The pupil dilates to images that are arousing. In Experiment 1, we examined if the pupil's response to brief presentations (2,000 ms) of static images could be used to identify individuals' sexual orientation. Participants were grouped according to their self-reported gender and sexual orientation (male heterosexual, N = 20; male bisexual, N = 13; male homosexual, N = 19; female heterosexual, N = 28; female bisexual, N = 21; female homosexual, N …
Automatic Direction of Spatial Attention to Male Versus Female Stimuli: A Comparison of Heterosexual Men and Women
Abundant research has shown that men's sexual attractions are more category-specific in relation to gender than women's are. We tested whether the early automatic allocation of spatial attention reflects these sexual attractions. The dot-probe task was used to assess whether spatial attention was attracted to images of either male or female models that were naked or partially clothed. In Experiment 1, men were faster if the target appeared after …
Emotional intelligence and psychopathy: A comparison of trait and ability measures
A dysfunction in the processing of emotional material has been suggested to underpin the concept of psychopathy, hence we hypothesized that individuals high in psychopathic traits should have low scores on measure of emotional intelligence (EI). We measured EI by using both an ability-based measure (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) and a self-report measure (Trait Meta-Mood Scale) in a sample of offenders. Psychopathy was measure…
Implicit Sexual Associations in Heterosexual and Homosexual Women and Men
Indirect Behavioral Measures of Cognition among Sexual Offenders
Indirect measures of cognition have become an important tool in research on sexual offending. Such methods allow the exploration and testing of models of cognitive processes that might underpin sexual preferences and, in turn, sexual offending. The article reviews studies that have used a large range of indirect techniques (e.g., Implicit Association Test, Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Choice Reaction Times, Stroop Interference, Rapid…
Implicit and Explicit Measurements of Sexual Preference in Gay and Heterosexual Men: A Comparison of Priming Techniques and the Implicit Association Task
Psychosocial discontinuities introduced by the new reproductive technologies
The introduction of the new reproductive technologies has brought about a separation of the experience of reproduction from a previously necessary act of sexual intercourse between a fertile male and a fertile female. This has brought in its train the need for new ways of thinking about the relationship between procreation, reproduction and parenting. Psychosocial research into child–parent, male–female and kin relationships resulting from the us…
Sharing Information about DI in the UK
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Physicians' Views of Periodic Abstinence Methods: A Study in Four Countries
A study of the knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intentions of physicians regarding periodic abstinence (PA) methods was undertaken in Mauritius, Peru, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Most respondents considered PA to be useful, although even the PA providers prescribed mainly non-PA methods. Detailed knowledge of PA methods was not evident, but most physicians were willing to initiate general discussion about PA with patients. Physicians fa…
Patterns and Perceptions of Menstruation
New Conceptions of Artificial Reproduction
R. Snowden, G.D. Mitchell, and E.M. Snowden, the authors of Artificial Reproduction, focus on the familial and social repercussions of artificial insemination by donor (AID) and on that basis make generalizations about the societal impact of the new reproductive technologies as a whole. The book gets its drive from an English research project at the Institute of Population Studies, University of Exeter, which included a study of 1,000 cases of AI…
Implicit Sexual Associations in Heterosexual and Homosexual Women and Men
Indirect Behavioral Measures of Cognition among Sexual Offenders
Indirect measures of cognition have become an important tool in research on sexual offending. Such methods allow the exploration and testing of models of cognitive processes that might underpin sexual preferences and, in turn, sexual offending. The article reviews studies that have used a large range of indirect techniques (e.g., Implicit Association Test, Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Choice Reaction Times, Stroop Interference, Rapid…
Implicit and Explicit Measurements of Sexual Preference in Gay and Heterosexual Men: A Comparison of Priming Techniques and the Implicit Association Task
Reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in the assessment of risk for institutional violence: A cautionary note on DeMatteo et al. (2020)
A group of 12 authors (GA) shared a statement of concern (SoC) warning against the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003) to assess risk for serious institutional violence in US capital sentencing cases (DeMatteo et al., 2020). Notably, the SoC was not confined to capital sentencing issues, but included institutional violence in general. Central to the arguments presented in the SoC was that the PCL-R has poor pre…
Pupillary Responses to Static Images of Men and Women: A Possible Measure of Sexual Interest
The pupil dilates to images that are arousing. In Experiment 1, we examined if the pupil's response to brief presentations (2,000 ms) of static images could be used to identify individuals' sexual orientation. Participants were grouped according to their self-reported gender and sexual orientation (male heterosexual, N = 20; male bisexual, N = 13; male homosexual, N = 19; female heterosexual, N = 28; female bisexual, N = 21; female homosexual, N …
Automatic Direction of Spatial Attention to Male Versus Female Stimuli: A Comparison of Heterosexual Men and Women
Abundant research has shown that men's sexual attractions are more category-specific in relation to gender than women's are. We tested whether the early automatic allocation of spatial attention reflects these sexual attractions. The dot-probe task was used to assess whether spatial attention was attracted to images of either male or female models that were naked or partially clothed. In Experiment 1, men were faster if the target appeared after …
Social and Medical Factors in the use and Effectiveness of IUDs
The possible influence of psycho-social factors on the use and effectiveness of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has not been seriously examined until recently. Inquiry into these factors has become feasible as large-scale projects—primarily designed to consider medical factors in IUD use—have been developed. Data obtained from a number of centres within and outside the United Kingdom indicate the existence of variation in the clinical…
Recent studies in intrauterine devices: A reappraisal
Since the first rush of publications on IUDs following the start of Tietze's Cooperative Statistical Programme for the Evaluation of IUDs (Tietze & Lewit, 1970) there has rarely been a period in which a report relating to newer, ‘second-generation’ devices has not been published. There are degrees of sophistication in these reports varying from the odd anecdotal reference and highly subjective clinical impression to carefully constructed and eval…
The Statistical Analysis of Menstrual Bleeding Patterns
Conclusion and summary The proposed method of bleeding pattern analysis avoids the problem of defining the menstrual cycle. The difficulty of maintaining a cyclical approach becomes acute when methods of fertility regulation are used which are known to disrupt seriously previously experienced bleeding patterns. By using eight simple measures relating to the pattern of bleeding over a fixed period of time, it is possible to present sensitive indic…
New Conceptions of Artificial Reproduction
R. Snowden, G.D. Mitchell, and E.M. Snowden, the authors of Artificial Reproduction, focus on the familial and social repercussions of artificial insemination by donor (AID) and on that basis make generalizations about the societal impact of the new reproductive technologies as a whole. The book gets its drive from an English research project at the Institute of Population Studies, University of Exeter, which included a study of 1,000 cases of AI…
Patterns and Perceptions of Menstruation
Patterns and Perceptions of Menstruation
Physicians' Views of Periodic Abstinence Methods: A Study in Four Countries
A study of the knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intentions of physicians regarding periodic abstinence (PA) methods was undertaken in Mauritius, Peru, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. Most respondents considered PA to be useful, although even the PA providers prescribed mainly non-PA methods. Detailed knowledge of PA methods was not evident, but most physicians were willing to initiate general discussion about PA with patients. Physicians fa…
Sharing Information about DI in the UK
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Psychosocial discontinuities introduced by the new reproductive technologies
The introduction of the new reproductive technologies has brought about a separation of the experience of reproduction from a previously necessary act of sexual intercourse between a fertile male and a fertile female. This has brought in its train the need for new ways of thinking about the relationship between procreation, reproduction and parenting. Psychosocial research into child–parent, male–female and kin relationships resulting from the us…
Implicit and Explicit Measurements of Sexual Preference in Gay and Heterosexual Men: A Comparison of Priming Techniques and the Implicit Association Task
Indirect Behavioral Measures of Cognition among Sexual Offenders
Indirect measures of cognition have become an important tool in research on sexual offending. Such methods allow the exploration and testing of models of cognitive processes that might underpin sexual preferences and, in turn, sexual offending. The article reviews studies that have used a large range of indirect techniques (e.g., Implicit Association Test, Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, Choice Reaction Times, Stroop Interference, Rapid…
Emotional intelligence and psychopathy: A comparison of trait and ability measures
A dysfunction in the processing of emotional material has been suggested to underpin the concept of psychopathy, hence we hypothesized that individuals high in psychopathic traits should have low scores on measure of emotional intelligence (EI). We measured EI by using both an ability-based measure (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) and a self-report measure (Trait Meta-Mood Scale) in a sample of offenders. Psychopathy was measure…
Implicit Sexual Associations in Heterosexual and Homosexual Women and Men
Automatic Direction of Spatial Attention to Male Versus Female Stimuli: A Comparison of Heterosexual Men and Women
Abundant research has shown that men's sexual attractions are more category-specific in relation to gender than women's are. We tested whether the early automatic allocation of spatial attention reflects these sexual attractions. The dot-probe task was used to assess whether spatial attention was attracted to images of either male or female models that were naked or partially clothed. In Experiment 1, men were faster if the target appeared after …
Pupillary Responses to Static Images of Men and Women: A Possible Measure of Sexual Interest
The pupil dilates to images that are arousing. In Experiment 1, we examined if the pupil's response to brief presentations (2,000 ms) of static images could be used to identify individuals' sexual orientation. Participants were grouped according to their self-reported gender and sexual orientation (male heterosexual, N = 20; male bisexual, N = 13; male homosexual, N = 19; female heterosexual, N = 28; female bisexual, N = 21; female homosexual, N …
The Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Well-Being and Psychological Distress: Impact Upon a Single Country
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected the psychological well-being and mental health of many people. Data on prevalence rates of mental health problems are needed for mental health service planning. Psychological well-being and prevalence of clinically significant mental distress were measured in a large sample from Wales 11-16 weeks into lockdown and compared to population-based data collected in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. Dat…
Improving mental health literacy in year 9 high school children across Wales: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a mental health literacy programme across an entire country
ISRCTN15462041. Registered 03/10/2019
Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low…
ISRCTN12040087. Retrospectively registered 04/05/2020
Reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in the assessment of risk for institutional violence: A cautionary note on DeMatteo et al. (2020)
A group of 12 authors (GA) shared a statement of concern (SoC) warning against the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003) to assess risk for serious institutional violence in US capital sentencing cases (DeMatteo et al., 2020). Notably, the SoC was not confined to capital sentencing issues, but included institutional violence in general. Central to the arguments presented in the SoC was that the PCL-R has poor pre…
The PCL–R and capital sentencing: A commentary on “Death is different” DeMatteo et al. (2020a)
DeMatteo et al. (2020a) published a Statement in this journal declaring that the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) “cannot and should not” be used in U.S. capital-sentencing cases to assess risk for serious institutional violence. Their stated concerns were the PCL-R’s “imperfect interrater reliability,” its “variability in predictive validity,” and its prejudicial effects on the defendant. In a Cautionary Note, we (Olver et al., 2020) raised…
Structured Professional Judgment to Assist the Evaluation and Safety Planning of Suicide Risk: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP)
Background: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP) is a structured professional judgment (SPJ) scheme designed in line with NICE guidelines to improve clinicians' ability to evaluate and manage suicide risk. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RoSP in two settings: (1) unexpected deaths of people in the community who were known to mental health services; and (2) an inpatient hospital specializing in the assessment and treatment of pat…
Automatic processing of emotional images and psychopathic personality traits
Psychopathy is associated with a deficit in affective processes and might be reflected in the inability to extract the emotional content of a stimulus. Across two experiments, we measured the interference effect from emotional images that were irrelevant to the processing of simultaneous target stimuli and examined if this interference was moderated by psychometrically defined traits of psychopathy. In Experiment 1, we showed this emotional distr…
Secondary school students’ perception of the online teaching experience during Covid‐19: The impact on mental wellbeing and specific learning difficulties
BACKGROUND: Student engagement and concentration is critical for successful learning. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of online learning which may affect engagement and concentration, particularly for those students with specific learning difficulties. AIMS: Students would show lower scores on all the measures of student experience when judging these during online learning versus learning within the cla…
A randomised controlled trial evaluating the Guide Cymru mental health literacy intervention programme in year 9 (age 13–14) school pupils in Wales
ISRCTN15462041. Registered 03/10/2019
Reducing sickness absence and stigma due to mental health difficulties: A randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for comm…
ISRCTN12040087. Registered 04/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12040087 . A full protocol for the randomised control trial was published: Gray NS, Davies H, Snowden RJ: Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: a protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for co…
Psychology (22 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Psychiatry (10 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (7 works) · Mental health (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (6 works)