Raffaella Sarti
Biographic Data
| ID | 277072 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Raffaella Sarti |
| GIVEN NAMES | Raffaella |
| FAMILY NAME | Sarti |
| SIGNATURE | SARTI R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Urbino |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3505-7598 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 111 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
“I Am a Farmer and Do Other Chores of Womenfolk”
Women’s work in the past has long attracted scholarly attention, yet many aspects remain unexplored or contested. This is due to the methodological challenges of studying the theme, to the very definition of work for people in the past and contemporary scholars, to the under-recording of female activities in the sources and the inadequacy of occupational labels to capture multiple activities. This article contributes to current debates about the …
Kulturgeschichte der Arbeit - Eine Herausforderung
The review discusses 2 of the 6 volumes of the "Cultural History of Work" edited by Deborah Simonton and Anne Montenach (London, New York, Oxford, New Delhi, Sydney, Bloomsbury Academic, 2019), i.e. the second (Juliane Schiel) and the fourth (Raffaella Sarti)
Open Houses from Etic to Emic Perspectives
What did early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians mean when they used the expressions tener casa aperta or aver casa aperta, literally to keep open house and to have an open house? In this article I will try to answer this question, which is far less trivial than one might imagine. Before tackling the topic, a premise is necessary. In some previous works, I used an etic category of ‘open houses’, i.e. a category I elaborated to interpret the …
From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies
A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good." These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and …
Felice dolc aventuroso loco’
Baldassar Castiglione described the Palace of Urbino, Italy, as ‘the fayrest that was to be founde in all Italy’ ‘to the opinion of many men’. For Castiglione, such a Palace was the setting of his book The Courtier, published in 1528 but written from 1513-1514 onwards. The book became a kind of manifesto of the refined life of the courts of the Italian Renaissance, was translated into several languages and had numerous editions. While the Palace …
What Is Work?
Every society throughout history has defined what counts as work and what doesn’t. And more often than not, those lines of demarcation are inextricable from considerations of gender. What Is Work? offers a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding labor within the highly gendered realm of household economies. Drawing from scholarship on gender history, economic sociology, family history, civil law, and feminist economics, these essays explore …
What is Work? Gender at the Crossroads of Home, Family and Business from the Early Modern Era to the Present
International audience
What is Work
Schiavi
Review of Salvatore Bono, Schiavi: una storia mediterranea (xvi–xix secolo), Bologna, Il Mulino, 2016, 481 pp., \nus$ 24.99 (hardcover), isbn 978-8-81526-052-9
Servants in Rural Europe
This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Live-in servants were a distinctive element of early modern society. They were typically young adults aged between 16 and 24 who lived and worked in other people's households before marriage. Servants tende…
Servants in Rural Europe
Brooks, Ann, Genealogies of Emotions, Intimacies, and Desire
Criados rurales
Con las ideas que reconocidos expertos han expuesto acerca del presunto perfil de los criados rurales italianos como punto de partida, este artículo da cuenta de la significación y las características de este colectivo, al tiempo que entra en contradicción con aquellas. Si bien el porcentaje de sirvientes en la población rural difiere en función de la época y el lugar considerados, este fue en algunos casos tan elevado como en diversas áreas del …
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants and Domestic Workers
Historical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social …
The Purgatory of Servants’
Over the last fifty years, historians have been trying to understand differences between the characteristics of servants and their working conditions in different regions of pre-industrial and industrial Europe, differences which seem to be crucial to explaining discrepancies among those regions with respect to important aspects of life, such as the presence of the so-called European marriage pattern, the strength of family ties, the role of the …
Men at Home
In un'ottica di lungo periodo l'articolo ricostruisce il dibattito storiografico che ha portato all'emergere del tema della domesticità al maschile e delle diverse categorie di mascolinità. Sviluppa poi una dettagliata analisi del ruolo domestico degli uomini in quanto padri, figli, servi, schiavi, scapoli single, membri di comunità omosessuali tra medioevo e mondo contemporaneo. Il focus è prevalentemente sull'Europa, ma non mancano approfondime…
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants, and Domestic Workers
Historical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social …
Criados, servi, domestiques, gesinde, servants
En este artículo, basado principalmente en fuentes bibliográficas, intentaré bosquejar una panorámica de las características y la distinta importancia del servicio doméstico en las diversas regiones de la Europa moderna. En primer lugar resumiré el contenido de algunos influyentes estudios publicados hace décadas por autores como Philippe Ariès, John Hajnal y Peter Laslett. Debido a su papel pionero en la investigación, estos trabajos merecen una…
Melhor o cozinheiro? Um percurso sobre a dimensão de gênero da preparação da comida (Europa ocidental, séculos XVI-XIX)
Este artigo analisa a preparação da comida na Europa ocidental (séculos XVI a XIX), enfocando sua dimensão de gênero. São consideradas três principais variáveis: estratificação social, geografia e tempo. Sugere que na Itália, Espanha e França, no início do período moderno, os cozinheiros empregados nas cortes e pela aristocracia eram geralmente homens; a feminização da preparação da comida começou na França a partir do século XVIII. Na Europa cen…
Dalle Catene Anglicane a Quelle “Turche”
Fighting for Masculinity
This article, after providing readers with a short review of studies on male domestic workers, focuses on male domestics in the twentieth- and twenty-first-century Italy via both a qualitative and quantitative approach. It shows, among other things, that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, male domestic workers underwent a symbolic castration in that they were prevented from growing moustaches which at the time were a sign of vi…
Introduction to the Special Issue
Very little scholarship exists, which investigates male domestic workers. Yet they constitute a highly interesting vantage point from which to analyze the gendered and racialized division of labor as well as the social constructions of masculinity in both contemporary societies and in the past. In several countries nowadays a large number of domestic workers are migrants. By focusing on men employed as domestic workers in different societies, in …
"Wie das „Mädchens von Spinges" zu Katharina Lanz wurde
Dangerous Liaisons
The first part of this paper focuses briefly on the role of domestic service as a channel for transmission of knowledge, expertise, customs and values from one generation to the other, from the top to the bottom of the social ladder and between different places, making clear, however, that servants and domestic workers cannot be seen as passive recipients of their masters' directions. Rather, they actively appropriate elements of their masters' c…
Variations sur le thème de la dépendance
Introduction Dépendance(s) : un concept pour l’histoire ? D’emblée, je réponds par l’affirmative. Mais, cette brève affirmationnécessite donc des précisions. Ces dernières vont reposer essentiellement sur la lettre « s » mise entre parenthèses et qui indique la prise en compte du concept « dépendance » au pluriel : je vais, en effet, m’étendre sur la pluralité des dépendances possibles et sur l’importance, pour les historiens et les historiennes,…
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants, and Domestic Workers
Historical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social …
Introduction to the Special Issue
Very little scholarship exists, which investigates male domestic workers. Yet they constitute a highly interesting vantage point from which to analyze the gendered and racialized division of labor as well as the social constructions of masculinity in both contemporary societies and in the past. In several countries nowadays a large number of domestic workers are migrants. By focusing on men employed as domestic workers in different societies, in …
Domestic Service
This article analyses the relationship between modernisation and changes in domestic service in the 20th century, drawing upon the author’s own research and some results of the other papers presented to the Forum. A century ago, several intellectuals thought that progress would imply the decline of domestic service. Indeed, in the following years this was generally the case. Yet in many countries the 1930s were characterized by a reversal of the …
Fighting for Masculinity
This article, after providing readers with a short review of studies on male domestic workers, focuses on male domestics in the twentieth- and twenty-first-century Italy via both a qualitative and quantitative approach. It shows, among other things, that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, male domestic workers underwent a symbolic castration in that they were prevented from growing moustaches which at the time were a sign of vi…
The true servant
Some historians have classed as servants only people living with their masters; some have excluded farm servants; some have included married domestics living with their own families. The archive of the Bolognese Confraternity of San Vitale, also known as Università dei Servitori, is analyzed in this article to show how one group of servants defined a “true” servant. Their solution was to exclude from their association people who performed what th…
From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies
A crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good." These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and …
Criados rurales
Con las ideas que reconocidos expertos han expuesto acerca del presunto perfil de los criados rurales italianos como punto de partida, este artículo da cuenta de la significación y las características de este colectivo, al tiempo que entra en contradicción con aquellas. Si bien el porcentaje de sirvientes en la población rural difiere en función de la época y el lugar considerados, este fue en algunos casos tan elevado como en diversas áreas del …
Men at Home
In un'ottica di lungo periodo l'articolo ricostruisce il dibattito storiografico che ha portato all'emergere del tema della domesticità al maschile e delle diverse categorie di mascolinità. Sviluppa poi una dettagliata analisi del ruolo domestico degli uomini in quanto padri, figli, servi, schiavi, scapoli single, membri di comunità omosessuali tra medioevo e mondo contemporaneo. Il focus è prevalentemente sull'Europa, ma non mancano approfondime…
Dangerous Liaisons
The first part of this paper focuses briefly on the role of domestic service as a channel for transmission of knowledge, expertise, customs and values from one generation to the other, from the top to the bottom of the social ladder and between different places, making clear, however, that servants and domestic workers cannot be seen as passive recipients of their masters' directions. Rather, they actively appropriate elements of their masters' c…
Folk Drama and Secularization of Rural Culture in Italian Apennines
Journal Article Folk Drama and Secularization of Rural Culture in Italian Apennines Get access Roland Sarti Roland Sarti University of Massachusetts, Amherst Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 14, Issue 3, Spring 1981, Pages 465–479, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/14.3.465 Published: 01 March 1981
Esclavitud y religión en la Italia de la Edad Moderna
Este artículo recoge reflexiones sobre las formas de religiosidad en esclavitud en Italia entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, centrándose fundamentalmente en la ciudad de Bolonia. La autora analiza las implicaciones del hecho de ser hombre o mujer respecto al estado de esclavitud. El tema fundamental de este artículo es el problema de la conversión de los esclavos y las esclavas y cómo influía respecto a sus condiciones de vida
La genèse de Genesis
La revue de la Società Italiana delle Storiche Genesis est la nouvelle revue de la Società Italiana delle Storiche (Société Italienne des Historiennes). Avant de décrire les caractéristiques de la revue dont le premier numéro est à paraître dans les mois à venir, il est utile d'exposer brièvement la genèse et les caractéristiques de l'association. La Società Italiana delle Storiche (SIS) a vu le jour en 1989. Durant les années qui ont précédé sa …
The true servant
Some historians have classed as servants only people living with their masters; some have excluded farm servants; some have included married domestics living with their own families. The archive of the Bolognese Confraternity of San Vitale, also known as Università dei Servitori, is analyzed in this article to show how one group of servants defined a “true” servant. Their solution was to exclude from their association people who performed what th…
Die meisten von uns haben sogar eine höhere Bildung …“1 Neue DienstbotInnen in Südeuropa im Zeitalter der Globalisierung
Domestic Service
This article analyses the relationship between modernisation and changes in domestic service in the 20th century, drawing upon the author’s own research and some results of the other papers presented to the Forum. A century ago, several intellectuals thought that progress would imply the decline of domestic service. Indeed, in the following years this was generally the case. Yet in many countries the 1930s were characterized by a reversal of the …
Dangerous Liaisons
The first part of this paper focuses briefly on the role of domestic service as a channel for transmission of knowledge, expertise, customs and values from one generation to the other, from the top to the bottom of the social ladder and between different places, making clear, however, that servants and domestic workers cannot be seen as passive recipients of their masters' directions. Rather, they actively appropriate elements of their masters' c…
Variations sur le thème de la dépendance
Introduction Dépendance(s) : un concept pour l’histoire ? D’emblée, je réponds par l’affirmative. Mais, cette brève affirmationnécessite donc des précisions. Ces dernières vont reposer essentiellement sur la lettre « s » mise entre parenthèses et qui indique la prise en compte du concept « dépendance » au pluriel : je vais, en effet, m’étendre sur la pluralité des dépendances possibles et sur l’importance, pour les historiens et les historiennes,…
"Wie das „Mädchens von Spinges" zu Katharina Lanz wurde
Fighting for Masculinity
This article, after providing readers with a short review of studies on male domestic workers, focuses on male domestics in the twentieth- and twenty-first-century Italy via both a qualitative and quantitative approach. It shows, among other things, that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, male domestic workers underwent a symbolic castration in that they were prevented from growing moustaches which at the time were a sign of vi…
Introduction to the Special Issue
Very little scholarship exists, which investigates male domestic workers. Yet they constitute a highly interesting vantage point from which to analyze the gendered and racialized division of labor as well as the social constructions of masculinity in both contemporary societies and in the past. In several countries nowadays a large number of domestic workers are migrants. By focusing on men employed as domestic workers in different societies, in …
Dalle Catene Anglicane a Quelle “Turche”
Criados, servi, domestiques, gesinde, servants
En este artículo, basado principalmente en fuentes bibliográficas, intentaré bosquejar una panorámica de las características y la distinta importancia del servicio doméstico en las diversas regiones de la Europa moderna. En primer lugar resumiré el contenido de algunos influyentes estudios publicados hace décadas por autores como Philippe Ariès, John Hajnal y Peter Laslett. Debido a su papel pionero en la investigación, estos trabajos merecen una…
Melhor o cozinheiro? Um percurso sobre a dimensão de gênero da preparação da comida (Europa ocidental, séculos XVI-XIX)
Este artigo analisa a preparação da comida na Europa ocidental (séculos XVI a XIX), enfocando sua dimensão de gênero. São consideradas três principais variáveis: estratificação social, geografia e tempo. Sugere que na Itália, Espanha e França, no início do período moderno, os cozinheiros empregados nas cortes e pela aristocracia eram geralmente homens; a feminização da preparação da comida começou na França a partir do século XVIII. Na Europa cen…
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants, and Domestic Workers
Historical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social …
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants and Domestic Workers
Historical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social …
The Purgatory of Servants’
Over the last fifty years, historians have been trying to understand differences between the characteristics of servants and their working conditions in different regions of pre-industrial and industrial Europe, differences which seem to be crucial to explaining discrepancies among those regions with respect to important aspects of life, such as the presence of the so-called European marriage pattern, the strength of family ties, the role of the …
Men at Home
In un'ottica di lungo periodo l'articolo ricostruisce il dibattito storiografico che ha portato all'emergere del tema della domesticità al maschile e delle diverse categorie di mascolinità. Sviluppa poi una dettagliata analisi del ruolo domestico degli uomini in quanto padri, figli, servi, schiavi, scapoli single, membri di comunità omosessuali tra medioevo e mondo contemporaneo. Il focus è prevalentemente sull'Europa, ma non mancano approfondime…
Servants in Rural Europe
This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Live-in servants were a distinctive element of early modern society. They were typically young adults aged between 16 and 24 who lived and worked in other people's households before marriage. Servants tende…
Servants in Rural Europe
Brooks, Ann, Genealogies of Emotions, Intimacies, and Desire
Criados rurales
Con las ideas que reconocidos expertos han expuesto acerca del presunto perfil de los criados rurales italianos como punto de partida, este artículo da cuenta de la significación y las características de este colectivo, al tiempo que entra en contradicción con aquellas. Si bien el porcentaje de sirvientes en la población rural difiere en función de la época y el lugar considerados, este fue en algunos casos tan elevado como en diversas áreas del …
What Is Work?
Every society throughout history has defined what counts as work and what doesn’t. And more often than not, those lines of demarcation are inextricable from considerations of gender. What Is Work? offers a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding labor within the highly gendered realm of household economies. Drawing from scholarship on gender history, economic sociology, family history, civil law, and feminist economics, these essays explore …
What is Work? Gender at the Crossroads of Home, Family and Business from the Early Modern Era to the Present
International audience
What is Work
Political science (17 works) · Art (12 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Humanities (11 works) · History (10 works) · History (9 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Law (6 works)