Robert Wm Blum
Biographic Data
| ID | 278972 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Wm Blum |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert Wm |
| FAMILY NAME | Blum |
| SIGNATURE | BLUM R W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7647-7636 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 319 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1956 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Measuring agency as a dimension of empowerment among young adolescents globally; findings from the Global Early Adolescent Study
Agency, a domain of empowerment, is a measurable construct amongst early adolescents age 10-14.•Three sub-scales - Voice, Freedom of Movement, and Behavioral Control and Decision-making - comprise the measurement of agency.•Differences in the Freedom of Movement sub-scale show a growing equity gap between boys and girls across multiple countries.•Users of the scales must consider context when adapting the items to account for differences in cultu…
Inexperienced’? Patterns in romantic and sexual experiences among urban poor early adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya
The need for early prevention approaches to improve young people's sexual and reproductive health is gaining attention, yet little is known about the sexual experiences of early adolescents aged 10-14 years. Drawing on cross-sectional survey data collected from 365 early adolescents in a Nairobi slum, we used latent class analysis to identify subgroups based on self-reported awareness about sex and involvement in romantic and sexual activities. M…
Coming of Age in the Shadow of the Taliban: Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views Toward Interpersonal Violence and Harmful Traditional Practices in Afghanistan
Objectives. To understand Afghan adolescents’ and parents’ attitudes toward interpersonal violence. Methods. We used a 2-stage sampling method in 6 provinces during 2016; we included 916 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years and 454 parents. Results. In the abstract, a minority of adolescents or parents endorsed violence; however, specific situations justified most violence (e.g., husbands beating wives, parents hitting children). Both adolescents (48.…
Understanding Factors that Shape Gender Attitudes in Early Adolescence Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Sexual dysfunction among youth: An overlooked sexual health concern
While most youth in France enjoy a satisfying sexual life, sexual dysfunction is common, especially among females. Public health programs and clinicians should screen for and address sexual dysfunction, which substantially reduce youth sexual wellbeing
Who Adolescents Trust May Impact Their Health: Findings from Baltimore
Gender-Based Violence Against Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Characteristics of Youth Who Report Early Sexual Experiences in Sweden
A conceptual framework for early adolescence: A platform for research
Early adolescence (ages 10–14 years) is among the most neglected stages of development, yet there are few stages during the life course where changes are as dramatic. The present conceptual framework proposes four central goals to be achieved by early adolescence: engagement with learning, emotional and physical safety, positive sense of self/self-efficacy, acquisition of life/decision-making skills. The framework proposes an ecological model whe…
Future orientation: A construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing
Multidisciplinary research has supported a relationship between adolescent future orientation (the ability to set future goals and plans) and positive adolescent health and development outcomes. Many preventive strategies – for example, contracepting, exercising – are based on taking actions in the present to avoid unwanted or negative future consequences. However, research has been hampered by unclear and often divergent conceptualizations of th…
Adolescents' perceptions of health from disadvantaged urban communities: Findings from the Wave study
Road traffic injury among young people in Vietnam: Evidence from two rounds of national adolescent health surveys, 2004–2009
BACKGROUND: Based on previous data, road traffic injury (RTI) was a leading cause of non-fatal injury in all-age groups in Vietnam, and among the top causes of injury in children and adolescents. Specific analysis on RTIs in young people, however, has yet to be fully investigated. Using the results of two surveys in 2004 and 2009, the present study aims to describe the current situation of non-fatal, unintentional RTIs among Vietnamese youths. In…
Sexual attitudes, behaviours and acculturation among young migrants in Shanghai
China's rates of internal migration increased to an all-time high of over 200 million individuals at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Yet, there is a dearth of information on the lives of young migrant populations. The aim of this study was to explore how migration influences the sexual attitudes and behaviours of 18-24-year-old migrant men and women in Shanghai, China. A total of 64 migrants participated in 10 focus-group discussions a…
Adolescent mental and physical health in the English-speaking Caribbean
OBJECTIVE: Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a multisystem framework, was used to identify risk and protective factors associated with adolescent mental and physical health (AMPH) in the English-speaking Caribbean. METHODS: A structured literature review, using the online databases of Medline, PsychInfo, and Scopus, was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 1998 and July 2011 focused on adolescents ages 1…
What Increases Risk and Protection for Delinquent Behaviors Among American Indian Youth: Findings from Three Tribal Communities
The primary purpose of this study was to compare the risk and protective factors for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth in three distinct tribal communities. Focus group discussions were used to gather data from elders, parents, youth workers, and youth in each tribal community. Findings showed that the key source for increasing risk and protection for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth is the family. In particular is …
Adolescent Maturity and the Brain: The Promise and Pitfalls of Neuroscience Research in Adolescent Health Policy
Neuromaturation and Adolescent Risk Taking: Why Development Is Not Determinism
In the January 2009 issue of this journal, Males argues that adolescent brain science perpetuates the “myth of adolescent risk taking.” He contends that those who study adolescent neuromaturation are biological determinists who ignore the profound social and environmental forces that influence adolescent behavior to further their own agendas. Males mischaracterizes developmental research and misinterprets public health data. This article analyzes…
Levels of Change in Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Three Asian Cities
Considerable change in the romantic and sexual behaviors of Asian young people may be occurring as traditionally Confucian societies modernize and increase outside contacts. This study explores the dimensions and context of this change in three sites at different stages in the process of modernization: Hanoi (early), Shanghai (intermediate), and Taipei (later stage). A survey was conducted of 17,016 males and females aged 15–24 in urban and rural…
When a Parent Goes Off to War: Exploring the Issues Faced by Adolescents and Their Families
The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the consequences of parental deployment for adolescents and their families and (2) to identify potential strategies that may help adolescents cope with a parent's deployment. Eleven focus groups were conducted among adolescents in military families, military parents, and school personnel in military-impacted schools at five military bases. Findings reveal that one of the most prominent sources of s…
Predictors of early sexual initiation among a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adolescents
Given the increased risk for a number of sexually transmitted health problems, understanding the factors that are associated with premarital sexual debut will assist programmes in developing more effective risk prevention interventions
Enduring consequences of parenting for risk behaviors from adolescence into early adulthood
Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent smoking transitions
The Clustering of Risk Behaviors Among Caribbean Youth
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: A Regional Portrait
Objectives. This study assessed youth health in the Caribbean Community and Common Market countries and describes the prevalence of health-related factors. Methods. We used a self-administered classroom questionnaire; questions addressed general health, health care, nutrition, sexual history, drug use, mental health, violence, family characteristics, and relationships with others. Results. Most youths reported good health; however, 1 in 10 report…
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: Risk and Protective Factors
Objectives. This study sought to identify, among youths, factors associated with characteristics such as poor health status, substance use, and suicide risk and to explore the extent to which the risk and protective factors identified cut across health-compromising behaviors. Methods. A survey was administered to representative samples of young people from 9 Caribbean countries. Results. Physical/sexual abuse and having a friend or relative who h…
The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between sexual orientation and suicide risk in a population-based sample of adolescents. METHODS: Participants were selected from a cross-sectional, statewide survey of junior and senior public high school students. All males (n = 212) and females (n = 182) who described themselves as bisexual/homosexual were compared with 336 gender-matched heterosexual respondents on three outcome measures: suici…
Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk behaviors: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
What Increases Risk and Protection for Delinquent Behaviors Among American Indian Youth: Findings from Three Tribal Communities
The primary purpose of this study was to compare the risk and protective factors for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth in three distinct tribal communities. Focus group discussions were used to gather data from elders, parents, youth workers, and youth in each tribal community. Findings showed that the key source for increasing risk and protection for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth is the family. In particular is …
Enduring consequences of parenting for risk behaviors from adolescence into early adulthood
Frequent dieting among adolescents: Psychosocial and health behavior correlates
OBJECTIVES. The present study examined correlates of frequent dieting in 33,393 adolescents. It was hypothesized that frequent dieting would be correlated with negative psychosocial and health behavior outcomes. METHODS. A comprehensive, school-based health behavior survey was administered in 1987 to public school students in grades 7 through 12 in Minnesota. Students self-reported dieting behavior; substance use; suicidal, sexual, and delinquent…
When a Parent Goes Off to War: Exploring the Issues Faced by Adolescents and Their Families
The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the consequences of parental deployment for adolescents and their families and (2) to identify potential strategies that may help adolescents cope with a parent's deployment. Eleven focus groups were conducted among adolescents in military families, military parents, and school personnel in military-impacted schools at five military bases. Findings reveal that one of the most prominent sources of s…
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: Risk and Protective Factors
Objectives. This study sought to identify, among youths, factors associated with characteristics such as poor health status, substance use, and suicide risk and to explore the extent to which the risk and protective factors identified cut across health-compromising behaviors. Methods. A survey was administered to representative samples of young people from 9 Caribbean countries. Results. Physical/sexual abuse and having a friend or relative who h…
The impact of a parental notification law on adolescent abortion decision-making
In 1984, we investigated the impact of a parental notification statue with judicial bypass procedures in Minnesota. Subjects were interviewed on the day of their abortion at four Minnesota and two Wisconsin clinics. Relatively few were aware of the statute in Minnesota. Parental notification rates were similar in Minnesota and Wisconsin, which has no parental notification statute
Adolescents' perceptions of health from disadvantaged urban communities: Findings from the Wave study
Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent smoking transitions
Morbidity and mortality among US adolescents: An overview of data and trends
OBJECTIVES: This article reviews the health status of adolescents in the United States 1979 through 1994. METHODS: An extensive array of data from federal agencies, private organizations, and published literature was reviewed, analyzed, and cross-validated. RESULTS: Significant shifts in mortality and morbidity among America's youth have occurred over the past decade. Adolescents have recorded significant reductions in motor vehicle deaths,; alco…
Don't ask, they won't tell: The quality of adolescent health screening in five practice settings
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the extent to which comprehensive, age-appropriate adolescent health screening is undertaken in the clinical setting and whether the extent of such screening varies by setting. METHODS: Charts of adolescents 13 to 17 years old (n = 788) were randomly selected from five practice settings in Minneapolis, Minn. Each was assessed for the number of biomedical and sociobehavioral health risks screened. RESULTS: In no pra…
Levels of Change in Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Three Asian Cities
Considerable change in the romantic and sexual behaviors of Asian young people may be occurring as traditionally Confucian societies modernize and increase outside contacts. This study explores the dimensions and context of this change in three sites at different stages in the process of modernization: Hanoi (early), Shanghai (intermediate), and Taipei (later stage). A survey was conducted of 17,016 males and females aged 15–24 in urban and rural…
Teen Females in Minnesota: A Portrait of Quiet Disturbance
No abstract available for this article
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: A Regional Portrait
Objectives. This study assessed youth health in the Caribbean Community and Common Market countries and describes the prevalence of health-related factors. Methods. We used a self-administered classroom questionnaire; questions addressed general health, health care, nutrition, sexual history, drug use, mental health, violence, family characteristics, and relationships with others. Results. Most youths reported good health; however, 1 in 10 report…
Cross-cultural surveys of adolescent health and behavior: Progress and Problems
Children of alcohol misusers and school performance outcomes
The Work of The Asia Foundation
URING THE DECADE since the end of World War II, vast amounts of money have been expended by agencies, national governments, and private organizations for foreign aid. Recently, an increasingly large proportion has gone into the economic development of underdeveloped areas. From this extensive and expensive experience, some general principles are becoming clear, particularly in regard to so-called underdeveloped areas in Asia. Many Asians have lon…
Coming of Age in the Shadow of the Taliban: Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views Toward Interpersonal Violence and Harmful Traditional Practices in Afghanistan
Objectives. To understand Afghan adolescents’ and parents’ attitudes toward interpersonal violence. Methods. We used a 2-stage sampling method in 6 provinces during 2016; we included 916 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years and 454 parents. Results. In the abstract, a minority of adolescents or parents endorsed violence; however, specific situations justified most violence (e.g., husbands beating wives, parents hitting children). Both adolescents (48.…
Who Adolescents Trust May Impact Their Health: Findings from Baltimore
Characteristics of Youth Who Report Early Sexual Experiences in Sweden
Neuromaturation and Adolescent Risk Taking: Why Development Is Not Determinism
In the January 2009 issue of this journal, Males argues that adolescent brain science perpetuates the “myth of adolescent risk taking.” He contends that those who study adolescent neuromaturation are biological determinists who ignore the profound social and environmental forces that influence adolescent behavior to further their own agendas. Males mischaracterizes developmental research and misinterprets public health data. This article analyzes…
Female adolescents of alcohol misusers 1: Sexual behaviors
The Work of The Asia Foundation
URING THE DECADE since the end of World War II, vast amounts of money have been expended by agencies, national governments, and private organizations for foreign aid. Recently, an increasingly large proportion has gone into the economic development of underdeveloped areas. From this extensive and expensive experience, some general principles are becoming clear, particularly in regard to so-called underdeveloped areas in Asia. Many Asians have lon…
The impact of a parental notification law on adolescent abortion decision-making
In 1984, we investigated the impact of a parental notification statue with judicial bypass procedures in Minnesota. Subjects were interviewed on the day of their abortion at four Minnesota and two Wisconsin clinics. Relatively few were aware of the statute in Minnesota. Parental notification rates were similar in Minnesota and Wisconsin, which has no parental notification statute
Contemporary Threats to Adolescent Health in the United States
Over the past 30 years, adolescents have been the only population in the United States who have not experienced improvement in their health status. Violence has replaced communicable diseases as the primary cause of juvenile mortality and, currently, over 77% of adolescent deaths are caused by accidents, suicide, and homicide. Increasingly, poverty, life-style, and risk-taking behaviors are influencing the morbidities of youth, with associated se…
Characteristics of unmarried adolescent mothers: Determinants of child rearing versus adoption
The sociodemographic and biographical characteristics of a group of unmarried adolescent mothers who opted to rear their children were compared with those of a matched group who placed their children for adoption. Those choosing adoption were more likely to be of higher socioeconomic status, to have higher educational aspirations, and to be from suburban residences. Suggestions for intervention and appropriate services are offered
Teen Females in Minnesota: A Portrait of Quiet Disturbance
No abstract available for this article
Demography of Sexual Orientation in Adolescents
This study was undertaken to explore patterns of sexual orientation in a representative sample of Minnesota junior and senior high school students. The sample included 34 706 students (grades 7 through 12) from diverse ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic strata. Five Items pertaining to sexual attraction, fantasy, behavior, and affiliation were embedded in a self-administered survey of adolescent health. Overall, 10.7% of students were "unsure"…
The impact of caring and connectedness on adolescent health and well‐being
This study of over 36000 7 th ‐12 th grade students focused on protective factors against the quietly disturbed and acting out behaviours, which together represent the major social morbidities of adolescence. Multivariate models developed separately for girls and boys repeatedly demonstrated the protective function of caring and connectedness in the lives of youth, particularly a sense of connectedness to family and to school. A sense of spiritua…
Children of alcohol misusers and school performance outcomes
Female adolescents of alcohol misusers 1: Sexual behaviors
Patterns of consultation among adolescent minors obtaining an abortion
Interviews with 184 adolescents revealed that all had consulted at least one individual before obtaining an abortion, although one-quarter, primarily the older adolescents, did not consult an adult prior to pregnancy counseling. At both the time of the abortion and one year later, the adolescents perceived their mother and their male partner as the two most important and helpful people in reaching a decision
Frequent dieting among adolescents: Psychosocial and health behavior correlates
OBJECTIVES. The present study examined correlates of frequent dieting in 33,393 adolescents. It was hypothesized that frequent dieting would be correlated with negative psychosocial and health behavior outcomes. METHODS. A comprehensive, school-based health behavior survey was administered in 1987 to public school students in grades 7 through 12 in Minnesota. Students self-reported dieting behavior; substance use; suicidal, sexual, and delinquent…
Morbidity and mortality among US adolescents: An overview of data and trends
OBJECTIVES: This article reviews the health status of adolescents in the United States 1979 through 1994. METHODS: An extensive array of data from federal agencies, private organizations, and published literature was reviewed, analyzed, and cross-validated. RESULTS: Significant shifts in mortality and morbidity among America's youth have occurred over the past decade. Adolescents have recorded significant reductions in motor vehicle deaths,; alco…
Don't ask, they won't tell: The quality of adolescent health screening in five practice settings
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the extent to which comprehensive, age-appropriate adolescent health screening is undertaken in the clinical setting and whether the extent of such screening varies by setting. METHODS: Charts of adolescents 13 to 17 years old (n = 788) were randomly selected from five practice settings in Minneapolis, Minn. Each was assessed for the number of biomedical and sociobehavioral health risks screened. RESULTS: In no pra…
An Exploration of Help-seeking Behaviours in Female Hispanic Adolescents
This study of 693 female adolescents, aged 12 to 20 years, describes the formal and informal helpseeking behaviors of Hispanic subjects, examines demographic and psychosocial correlates of those behaviors, and identifies differences in help-seeking behaviors between female Hispanic and adolescents of four other ethnic groups. The majority of subjects reported seeking help more frequently from informal rather than formal resources and there were s…
Adolescent Health: Priorities for the Next Millennium
The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between sexual orientation and suicide risk in a population-based sample of adolescents. METHODS: Participants were selected from a cross-sectional, statewide survey of junior and senior public high school students. All males (n = 212) and females (n = 182) who described themselves as bisexual/homosexual were compared with 336 gender-matched heterosexual respondents on three outcome measures: suici…
Demographics of sexual orientation among American-Indian adolescents
Self-report of sexual orientation and sexual behavior was compared for 12,978 reservation-based American-Indian and 11,356 rural Anglo-American adolescents. Findings included a significantly higher prevalence of homosexual, bisexual, and unsure responses among American Indians. However, a larger nonresponse rate for American-Indian adolescents raises questions about the cultural relevance of the survey method, and underscores the need for develop…
Suicide Attempts Among American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: Risk and Protective Factors
CONTEXT: American Indians and Alaska Natives have the highest suicide rates of all ethnic groups in the United States, and suicide is the second leading cause of death for American Indian and Alaska Native youth. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk and protective factors associated with suicide attempts among native male and female adolescents. DESIGN: The 1990 National American Indian Adolescent Health Survey. SETTING: Schools of reservation communities…
Influences on adolescents’ decision to postpone onset of sexual intercourse: A survival analysis of virginity among youths aged 13 to 18 years
Development of adolescent self-report measures from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Cross-cultural surveys of adolescent health and behavior: Progress and Problems
Promoting School Connectedness: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Increasing evidence shows that when adolescents feel cared for by people at their school and feel like a part of their school, they are less likely to use substances, engage in violence, or initiate sexual activity at an early age. However, specific strategies to increase students' connectedness to school have not been studied. This study examined the association between school connectedness and the school environment to identify ways to increase…
Mothers’ influence on the timing of first sex among 14- and 15-year-olds
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: A Regional Portrait
Objectives. This study assessed youth health in the Caribbean Community and Common Market countries and describes the prevalence of health-related factors. Methods. We used a self-administered classroom questionnaire; questions addressed general health, health care, nutrition, sexual history, drug use, mental health, violence, family characteristics, and relationships with others. Results. Most youths reported good health; however, 1 in 10 report…
Adolescent Health in the Caribbean: Risk and Protective Factors
Objectives. This study sought to identify, among youths, factors associated with characteristics such as poor health status, substance use, and suicide risk and to explore the extent to which the risk and protective factors identified cut across health-compromising behaviors. Methods. A survey was administered to representative samples of young people from 9 Caribbean countries. Results. Physical/sexual abuse and having a friend or relative who h…
Psychology (40 works) · Medicine (37 works) · Developmental psychology (24 works) · Demography (23 works) · Environmental health (18 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Population (15 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (14 works) · Psychiatry (14 works) · Clinical Psychology (13 works)