Donald A Rock
Biographic Data
| ID | 282921 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Donald A Rock |
| GIVEN NAMES | Donald A |
| FAMILY NAME | Rock |
| SIGNATURE | ROCK D A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Educational Testing Service |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Dimensional Continuity of Interests and Activities during Adolescence
Dimensional continuity was examined longitudinally at grades 7,9, and 11 using an inventory of social, academic and recreational activities administered to male and female dents. Indices indicating degree of factor presence, overall similarity of loading patterns, and structural stability of factors shown to result in a transitional’ shift’ or discontinuity, its locus at the time of high school entry (i.e., 9th grade). Although the finding was ap…
Personality in relation to occupational outcomes among established teachers
Academic success among students at risk for school failure.
A sample of 1,803 minority students from low-income homes was classified into 3 groups on the basis of grades, test scores, and persistence from grade 8 through Grade 12; the classifications were academically successfully school completers ("resilient" students), school completers with poorer academic performance (nonresilient completers), and noncompleters (dropouts). Groups were compared in terms of psychological characteristics and measures of…
Using the SAT and High School Record in Academic Guidance
This study appraised the utility of SAT scores in combination with grades in high school courses and the number and quality of these courses in predicting college grades in various fields of study, with the object of providing students with predictions of their academic performance for guidance purposes. The possible impact of this feedback on the flow of students into these fields was also assessed. Data for an entering class at a large state un…
The relation of multiple-choice cloze items to the Test of English as a Foreign Language
Four categories of multiple-choice (MC) cloze items were examined in relation to the TOEFL. The object was to assess the factor structure of the TOEFL and the potential of distinguishing MC cloze items aimed at reading comprehension (defined in terms of textual constraints ranging across clauses) as contrasted with knowledge of grammar (short-range surface syntax and morphology) or vocabulary. Since it is impossible in principle to distinguish su…
Education and American Youth: The Impact of the High School Experience
Internal Construct Validity of a College Admissions Test Across Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Groups
This study investigated the comparability of SAT Verbal and Mathematical scores for nonhandicapped examinees taking standard administrations and handicapped populations taking extended-time, special administrations. A simple two-factor confirmatory model based on Verbal and Mathematical item parcels was posed and tested for invariance across two sets of handicapped and nonhandicapped samples, with each set taking a different form of the SAT. Resu…
Factor structure of the GRE General Test in young and middle adulthood
The Score Decline from 1972 to 1980: What Went Wrong
Who Drops Out of High School and Why? Findings from a National Study
Using the most comprehensive data set on school dropouts that we have to date, the High School and Beyond study, Ruth Ekstrom, Margaret Goertz, Judith Pollack, and Donald Rock provide an analysis of the salient characteristics of the dropout population.
Applications of Quasi-Markov Simplex Models Across Populations
A linear structural model for comparing quasi-Markov models across populations is demonstrated. A confirmatory factor analysis formulation of the simplex model is also developed for between group comparisons. A variety of possible applications of this approach are suggested
Youth Employment: An Evaluation Model
Estimation and Testing of Partial Covariances, Correlations, and Regression Weights Using Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
It is shown how partial covariance, part and partial correlation, and regression weights can be estimated and tested for significance by means of a factor analytic model. Comparable partial covariance, correlations, and regression weights have identical significance tests
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Applications: Missing Data Problems And Comparison Of Path Models Between Populations
Procedures for simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis in several populations are useful in a wide variety of problems. This is demonstrated with examples involving missing data, comparison of part correlations between groups, testing the equality of regression weights between groups with multiple indicators of each variable, and the formulation of growth models. Corrections for attenuation can be incorporated into analysis of covariance and an…
The Use Of Analysis Of Covariance Structures For Comparing The Psychometric Properties Of Multiple Variables Across Populations
It is common practice to assume that the dependent variables in differential prediction studies, and analysis of variance and co-variance designs are characterized by certain psychometric properties which are invariant across the subgroups of interest. More specifically, the accuracy of the results of such analyses depends on the assumption that the dependent variables are measuring the constructs in the same metrics with equivalent reliabilities…
Validating Psychometric Assumptions within and between Several Populations
The psychometric application of Jöreskog's (Note 1) procedure for simultaneous factor analysis in several populations is illustrated. Using Scholastic Aptitude Test data from two samples, procedures are shown for checking test construction assumptions about units of measurement and error variance, within and between samples
A Maximum Likelihood Solution To The Errors In Variables And Errors In Equations Model
This article provides a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for a linear model with errors in variables. Warren, et al, provide a least squares procedure for the same problem but which may be shown to be a special case of the more general approach suggested here. Also unlike the least squares approach, this formulation permits tests of the independence of measurement errors as well as the equality of measurement units. The importance of testi…
Structural Equations As An Aid In The Interpretation Of The Non-Orthogonal Analysis Of Variance
Various computational methods for non-orthogonal analysis of variance designs lead to tests of different hypotheses. The purpose of this paper is to define the structural equations underlying these hypotheses and thus to indicate under what conditions one or more methods may be preferable
Comparison of correlations, variances, covariances, and regression weights with or without measurement error
Appropriate method for the least squares analysis of categorical data
Sequential Testing for Dichotomous Decisions
Two sequential testing procedures for dichotomous decisions were investigated using existing item response data of 4840 college students on three achievement tests. The assignment rules for the sequential test procedures and for short conventional tests were developed using half the sample of students and cross-validated using the other half. In general, the first type of sequential test required an average of approximately half as many items as …
Interaction between College Effects and Students' Aptitudes
The effects of college environments on student achievement on three GRE area achievement tests, when the initial ability of students was controlled, were studied. A wide variety of environmental measures for 95 colleges were included. The method computed within-school regression lines, then colleges were clustered on regression lines, using a taxonomic technique, and multiple group discriminant functions using college descriptive variables were c…
A 360 Computer Program for Comparing Factor Patterns and Structures over Several Occasions
A classical advantage of factor analysis is its provision for possible generalizability of the &dquo;factors&dquo; or &dquo;latent&dquo; variables over numerous studies. Unfortunately, generally accepted tests of significance con-cerning the similarity of factors across studies are not yet available. In lieu of statistical tests Meredith (1964) developed an analytic procedure for: (1) defining factors which are relatively invariant over several o…
A Comparison of Predictor Selection Techniques Using Monte Carlo Methods
Four methods of selecting a subset of predictors from a larger set were compared for 60 correlation matrices generated by Monte Carlo techniques. Two of the procedures were criterion-independent and two were criterion-dependent. The criterion-dependent procedures were found to be superior to the criterion-independent methods. The two criterion-dependent procedures (forward and backward selection) worked about equally well except for the smallest …
Relationships between College Characteristics and Student Achievement
As greater numbers of young people continue on to college, it becomes of increasing concern to know which institutional characteristics are associated with how much a student learns during his four years in college. Such information is important not only to the theorist who is attempting to understand how and to what extent college characteristics influence student behavior, but to the college administrator who requires such information for decis…
Relationships between College Characteristics and Student Achievement
As greater numbers of young people continue on to college, it becomes of increasing concern to know which institutional characteristics are associated with how much a student learns during his four years in college. Such information is important not only to the theorist who is attempting to understand how and to what extent college characteristics influence student behavior, but to the college administrator who requires such information for decis…
Interaction between College Effects and Students' Aptitudes
The effects of college environments on student achievement on three GRE area achievement tests, when the initial ability of students was controlled, were studied. A wide variety of environmental measures for 95 colleges were included. The method computed within-school regression lines, then colleges were clustered on regression lines, using a taxonomic technique, and multiple group discriminant functions using college descriptive variables were c…
The Score Decline from 1972 to 1980: What Went Wrong
Comparison of correlations, variances, covariances, and regression weights with or without measurement error
Personality in relation to occupational outcomes among established teachers
Factor structure of the GRE General Test in young and middle adulthood
A Fortran Computer Program for a Moderated Stepwise Prediction System
A Computer Program for the Two-Stage Sequential Selection Problem
An Exploratory Study of Programmed Tests
One approach to the reduction of testing time is through the use of “programmed tests,” which are tests based on a sequential system of branching in which a subject is directed to items appropriate to his ability level. The programmed tests considered in the present paper comprised two major sections: (1) A routing section which contains the branching necessary to direct the subject to the appropriate items, and (2) a measurement section which co…
A Fixed Length Optimal Test Battery for Colleges Characterized by Diverse Aptitude Levels
The diversity of modem college populations makes it unlikely that any particular predictor of academic success could be employed as a selection device with equal success at all colleges. Rather, in view of this diversity it would appear that the most satisfactory predictive tool would itself be diverse in content, and in addition, that the diversity would be capable of manipulation; that is, the various part-scores should be reported, which would…
The Development and Evaluation of Several Programmed Testing Methods
Seven programmed test procedures were developed and investigated using existing data on 190 verbal-type items for 4,885 students. Tests were scored as if the student had taken items in the order implied by the test. Shortened conventional tests were also scored for comparative purposes. The criteria against which these procedures were evaluated were the 190-item total test score and four outside criterion tests. Against the criterion of reproduci…
Factorial Invariance of Biographical Factors
A biographical information blank (BIB) was administered to students in grades 7, 9, and 11, and was subsequently analyzed to determine the stability of both its factor pattern and structure. This was done by deriving a single average factor pattern matrix which was rotated to simple structure and then to similarity to each of three factor matrices at each grade level. Of 11 factors extracted, all but three showed reasonably good stability. Those …
A 360 Computer Program for Comparing Factor Patterns and Structures over Several Occasions
A classical advantage of factor analysis is its provision for possible generalizability of the &dquo;factors&dquo; or &dquo;latent&dquo; variables over numerous studies. Unfortunately, generally accepted tests of significance con-cerning the similarity of factors across studies are not yet available. In lieu of statistical tests Meredith (1964) developed an analytic procedure for: (1) defining factors which are relatively invariant over several o…
A Comparison of Predictor Selection Techniques Using Monte Carlo Methods
Four methods of selecting a subset of predictors from a larger set were compared for 60 correlation matrices generated by Monte Carlo techniques. Two of the procedures were criterion-independent and two were criterion-dependent. The criterion-dependent procedures were found to be superior to the criterion-independent methods. The two criterion-dependent procedures (forward and backward selection) worked about equally well except for the smallest …
Relationships between College Characteristics and Student Achievement
As greater numbers of young people continue on to college, it becomes of increasing concern to know which institutional characteristics are associated with how much a student learns during his four years in college. Such information is important not only to the theorist who is attempting to understand how and to what extent college characteristics influence student behavior, but to the college administrator who requires such information for decis…
Sequential Testing for Dichotomous Decisions
Two sequential testing procedures for dichotomous decisions were investigated using existing item response data of 4840 college students on three achievement tests. The assignment rules for the sequential test procedures and for short conventional tests were developed using half the sample of students and cross-validated using the other half. In general, the first type of sequential test required an average of approximately half as many items as …
Interaction between College Effects and Students' Aptitudes
The effects of college environments on student achievement on three GRE area achievement tests, when the initial ability of students was controlled, were studied. A wide variety of environmental measures for 95 colleges were included. The method computed within-school regression lines, then colleges were clustered on regression lines, using a taxonomic technique, and multiple group discriminant functions using college descriptive variables were c…
Appropriate method for the least squares analysis of categorical data
Structural Equations As An Aid In The Interpretation Of The Non-Orthogonal Analysis Of Variance
Various computational methods for non-orthogonal analysis of variance designs lead to tests of different hypotheses. The purpose of this paper is to define the structural equations underlying these hypotheses and thus to indicate under what conditions one or more methods may be preferable
Comparison of correlations, variances, covariances, and regression weights with or without measurement error
Validating Psychometric Assumptions within and between Several Populations
The psychometric application of Jöreskog's (Note 1) procedure for simultaneous factor analysis in several populations is illustrated. Using Scholastic Aptitude Test data from two samples, procedures are shown for checking test construction assumptions about units of measurement and error variance, within and between samples
A Maximum Likelihood Solution To The Errors In Variables And Errors In Equations Model
This article provides a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for a linear model with errors in variables. Warren, et al, provide a least squares procedure for the same problem but which may be shown to be a special case of the more general approach suggested here. Also unlike the least squares approach, this formulation permits tests of the independence of measurement errors as well as the equality of measurement units. The importance of testi…
The Use Of Analysis Of Covariance Structures For Comparing The Psychometric Properties Of Multiple Variables Across Populations
It is common practice to assume that the dependent variables in differential prediction studies, and analysis of variance and co-variance designs are characterized by certain psychometric properties which are invariant across the subgroups of interest. More specifically, the accuracy of the results of such analyses depends on the assumption that the dependent variables are measuring the constructs in the same metrics with equivalent reliabilities…
Estimation and Testing of Partial Covariances, Correlations, and Regression Weights Using Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
It is shown how partial covariance, part and partial correlation, and regression weights can be estimated and tested for significance by means of a factor analytic model. Comparable partial covariance, correlations, and regression weights have identical significance tests
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Applications: Missing Data Problems And Comparison Of Path Models Between Populations
Procedures for simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis in several populations are useful in a wide variety of problems. This is demonstrated with examples involving missing data, comparison of part correlations between groups, testing the equality of regression weights between groups with multiple indicators of each variable, and the formulation of growth models. Corrections for attenuation can be incorporated into analysis of covariance and an…
Applications of Quasi-Markov Simplex Models Across Populations
A linear structural model for comparing quasi-Markov models across populations is demonstrated. A confirmatory factor analysis formulation of the simplex model is also developed for between group comparisons. A variety of possible applications of this approach are suggested
Youth Employment: An Evaluation Model
Who Drops Out of High School and Why? Findings from a National Study
Using the most comprehensive data set on school dropouts that we have to date, the High School and Beyond study, Ruth Ekstrom, Margaret Goertz, Judith Pollack, and Donald Rock provide an analysis of the salient characteristics of the dropout population.
Internal Construct Validity of a College Admissions Test Across Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Groups
This study investigated the comparability of SAT Verbal and Mathematical scores for nonhandicapped examinees taking standard administrations and handicapped populations taking extended-time, special administrations. A simple two-factor confirmatory model based on Verbal and Mathematical item parcels was posed and tested for invariance across two sets of handicapped and nonhandicapped samples, with each set taking a different form of the SAT. Resu…
Factor structure of the GRE General Test in young and middle adulthood
The Score Decline from 1972 to 1980: What Went Wrong
Psychology (23 works) · Mathematics (22 works) · Computer Science (19 works) · Statistics (19 works) · Mathematics education (11 works) · Psychometric Methodologies and Testing (10 works) · Econometrics (9 works) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (6 works) · Test (biology) (6 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works)