David W Green
Biographic Data
| ID | 286523 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David W Green |
| GIVEN NAMES | David W |
| FAMILY NAME | Green |
| SIGNATURE | GREEN D W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7152-1485 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Ignorance of the crowd: Dysfunctional thinking in social networks
Cognitive dysfunction, and the resulting social behaviours, contribute to major social problems, ranging from polarisation to the spread of conspiracy theories. Most previous studies have explored these problems at a specific scale: individual, group, or societal. This study develops a synthesis that links models of cognitive failures at these three scales. First, cognitive limits and innate drives can lead to dysfunctional cognition in individua…
On Language Control in Bilingual Speakers
I consider 2 interlinked connections between Judy Kroll's research and my own work. Both concern the nature of language control in speakers of more than 1 language. My first connection is with her pioneering revised hierarchical model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994). This model raised questions about the organization of the bilingual lexicon, the pathways to word production, and the nature of changes with language proficiency in a second language. For me…
Narratives of the self in bilingual speakers: The neurophenomenal space
We tell one another stories of our lives. Sharing subjective experience is part of what it means to be an embodied, languaging being. In order to explore this aspect of our nature we need to relate our phenomenal experience to its neural bases as we talk. I describe a three-step procedure to do so as a person recounts a personal story. The first step characterizes their subjective experience. I describe two complementary ways to do so. The second…
On Path Diagrams and the Neurophenomenal Field in Bilinguals
Conversation is a major site for our use of language. Each conversation elicits a distinct subjective experience: a specific and dynamic phenomenal field, and it is this field that controls our communicative actions. We cannot hope to understand the neural bases of conversation without relating these to the phenomenal field. We need a neurophenomenology of the bilingual speaker. I propose and illustrate an approach involving path diagrams togethe…
Research on bilingualism as discovery science
An important aim of research on bilingualism is to understand how the brain adapts to the demands of using more than one language.In this paper, we argue that pursuing such an aim entails valuing our research as a discovery process that acts on variety.Prescriptions about sample size and methodology, rightly aimed at establishing a sound basis for generalization, should be understood as being in the service of science as a discovery process. We p…
Language Control and Code-switching
Analyses of corpus-based indices of conversational code-switching in bilingual speakers predict the occurrence of intra-sentential code-switches consistent with the joint activation of both languages. Yet most utterances contain no code-switches despite good evidence for the joint activation of both languages even in single language utterances. Varying language activation levels is an insufficient mechanism to explain the variety of language use.…
Self-Awareness and Cultural Identity as an Effort to Reduce Bias in Medicine
Language control in the context of L3 acquisition: The centrality of individual differences
Current models of L3 syntactic transfer concern what is transferred during the initial stages. Each delineates a different, and singular, trajectory. From the outset though processes involved in co-opting available syntactic forms and pairing these with novel lexical items admit individual variability. Individual variability challenges the presumption of a single trajectory and so this chapter argues that understanding such variability is core to…
Trajectories to third-language proficiency
Is there a single trajectory to third-language (L3) communicative proficiency in proficient, adult bilingual speakers? Parsimony favours such a possibility but in this theoretical paper we argue that multiple trajectories will be the norm. We focus on the processes of language control. These processes mediate the initial transfer of syntactic forms, entrain processes that change the language network and govern the selection of L3 syntactic struct…
Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: Neural adaptation and reserve
Speaking more than one language demands a language control system that allows bilinguals to correctly use the intended language adjusting for possible interference from the non-target language. Understanding how the brain orchestrates the control of language has been a major focus of neuroimaging research on bilingualism and was central to our original neurocognitive language control model (Abutalebi & Green, 2007). We updated the network of lang…
A control process model of code-switching
Code-switching (CS) is central to many bilingual communities and, though linguistic and sociolinguistic research has characterised different types of code-switches (alternations, insertions, dense CS), the cognitive control processes (CPs) that mediate them are not well understood. A key issue is how during CS speakers produce the right words in the right order. In speech, serial order emerges from a speech plan in which items are represented in …
Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis
Speech comprehension and production are governed by control processes. We explore their nature and dynamics in bilingual speakers with a focus on speech production. Prior research indicates that individuals increase cognitive control in order to achieve a desired goal. In the adaptive control hypothesis we propose a stronger hypothesis: Language control processes themselves adapt to the recurrent demands placed on them by the interactional contex…
Inhibition and Control in Second Language Acquisition
Acquiring a second language (L2) is a dynamic process.
Bilingualism Tunes the Anterior Cingulate Cortex for Conflict Monitoring
Monitoring and controlling 2 language systems is fundamental to language use in bilinguals. Here, we reveal in a combined functional (event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging) and structural neuroimaging (voxel-based morphometry) study that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a structure tightly bound to domain-general executive control functions, is a common locus for language control and resolving nonverbal conflict. We also show…
The Revised Hierarchical Model: A critical review and assessment
Brysbaert and Duyck (this issue) suggest that it is time to abandon the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll and Stewart, 1994) in favor of connectionist models such as BIA+ (Dijkstra and Van Heuven, 2002) that more accurately account for the recent evidence on non-selective access in bilingual word recognition. In this brief response, we first review the history of the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM), consider the set of issues that it was propose…
Who Uses Television Captions, When, and Why? Analyses Based on the Australian Television Caption Users Survey
Despite the popularity of television captioning among deaf and hard-of-hearing Australians and its utility for other sections of the community (e.g., second language learners of English), there is little systematic research on relevant factors in captioning and patterns of caption use. This paper reports data from the Television Caption Users Survey (conducted October–December, 2000), the largest Australian survey to date of caption users' viewin…
Bilingual Minds
Control mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence from language switching studies
A key question in bilingual language production research is how bilingual individuals control the use of their two languages. The psycholinguistic literature concerning language control is unresolved. It is a matter of controversy whether (a) issues to do with control are central to understanding bilingual language processing; and (b) if they are, what is the site or sites of control; and (c) whether language control in bilinguals relies upon inh…
Narrators defend their side of the story metaphorically at troubled narrative junctions
The study explores troubled Israeli telephone talk to explain the functions of figurative clusters (FCs) produced in callers’ stories. Espousing a theoretical framework comprising discourse-oriented institutional conversation analysis, narrative inquiry and discursive psychology, as well as a model of narrative positioning that probes narrators’ co-construction of meaning, we show that FCs were generated at certain junctions in the interaction wh…
Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control
Mental simulation and argument
We examine how opinion on a controversial real-world issue shifts as a function of reading relevant arguments and engaging in a specific mental simulation about a future, fictional state of affairs involving the target issue. Individuals thought either counterfactually about a future event (“if only X had not happened ...”) or semifactually about it (“even if X had not happened ...”). In Experiment 1, as expected, individuals became more in favou…
Convergence, Degeneracy, and Control
Understanding the neural representation and control of language in normal bilingual speakers provides insights into the factors that constrain the acquisition of another language, insights into the nature of language expertise, and an understanding of the brain as an adaptive system. We illustrate both functional and structural brain changes associated with acquiring other languages and discuss the value of neuroimaging data in identifying indivi…
Figurative Positioning in Hotline Stories
Personal stories and tropes are ubiquitous in problem talk (e.g. therapy, counseling and hotline) which focuses on problem presentation, discussion and candidate solutions. Current studies of radio problem talk between troubled callers and psychologists show that certain tropes constitute the gist of callers’ narrative versions of the problems, and facilitate the negotiation of solutions (Kupferberg & Green, 1998). Adapting Bamberg’s (1997a) broa…
Detailed and Succinct Self-Portraits of Addicts in Broadcast Stories
Narrative discourse offers a viable perspective on sociocultural, psychological and professional dimensions of the self. Following Labov's early definition of evaluation, current studies explore linguistic and paralinguistic evaluative devices which participants in discourse use to present and construct their self. Organizing metaphors are a global evaluative device often used in broadcast personal stories to summarize local lexical and syntactic…
The development of visual search strategies in biscriptal readers
In visual search tasks, skilled adult readers of English process letters of the alphabet differently from other symbols (Hammond & Green, 1982; Mason, 1982). Less skilled (young) readers of English, and skilled readers of logographic scripts, do not show this differential processing across stimuli (Green, Hammond, & Supramaniam, 1983; Green & Meara, 1987). To test whether cognitive processing in bilinguals depends upon script combinations and lan…
Language Control and Code-switching
Analyses of corpus-based indices of conversational code-switching in bilingual speakers predict the occurrence of intra-sentential code-switches consistent with the joint activation of both languages. Yet most utterances contain no code-switches despite good evidence for the joint activation of both languages even in single language utterances. Varying language activation levels is an insufficient mechanism to explain the variety of language use.…
Cognitive structural models: The perception of risk and prevention in coronary heart disease
This paper examines the relationship between causal models and the assessment of actions in a naturalistic domain. Two studies used a novel network diagram technique to elicit individual causal models of the factors affecting the risk of coronary heart disease. The same individuals also rated the effectiveness of different preventive actions. In their diagrams, individuals depicted the causal interrelationships between various factors and estimat…
Self-Awareness and Cultural Identity as an Effort to Reduce Bias in Medicine
Convergence, Degeneracy, and Control
Understanding the neural representation and control of language in normal bilingual speakers provides insights into the factors that constrain the acquisition of another language, insights into the nature of language expertise, and an understanding of the brain as an adaptive system. We illustrate both functional and structural brain changes associated with acquiring other languages and discuss the value of neuroimaging data in identifying indivi…
Detailed and Succinct Self-Portraits of Addicts in Broadcast Stories
Narrative discourse offers a viable perspective on sociocultural, psychological and professional dimensions of the self. Following Labov's early definition of evaluation, current studies explore linguistic and paralinguistic evaluative devices which participants in discourse use to present and construct their self. Organizing metaphors are a global evaluative device often used in broadcast personal stories to summarize local lexical and syntactic…
Explaining and envisaging an ecological phenomenon
Two-way causal processes, in which a change in one factor affects a second factor which in turn affects the first, are an important feature of the natural and social world. Yet prior research (White, 1992, 1995) suggests that individuals only envisage one-way causal processes when they think of the natural world. The limiting factor may be the nature of their mental model of the situation. With the relatively complex tasks such as those used by W…
Moral Judgment: Differences between City, Kibbutz, and Israeli Arab Preadolescents on the Realistic-Relativistic Dimension
Four hundred fifty-four preadolescents from seventh and eighth grades in three subcultures-city, kibbutz, and Israeli Arabs-were compared on the realistic-relativistic dimension of moral judgment. City children were more relativistic in their judgment than both kibbutz children and Israeli Arabs, who were similar in their scores. The results were explained in light of Wright's theory of moral behavior and attributed to the differences in the soci…
Moral Judgment: Differences between City, Kibbutz, and Israeli Arab Preadolescents on the Realistic-Relativistic Dimension
Four hundred fifty-four preadolescents from seventh and eighth grades in three subcultures-city, kibbutz, and Israeli Arabs-were compared on the realistic-relativistic dimension of moral judgment. City children were more relativistic in their judgment than both kibbutz children and Israeli Arabs, who were similar in their scores. The results were explained in light of Wright's theory of moral behavior and attributed to the differences in the soci…
Notes on the Psychology of Writing
Most psychological research on expository writing is conducted within a purely cognitive paradigm. Writing provides a test case of its generality because the claims which writers make about their experience are incompatible with any purely cognitive model. We maintain that the fundamental problem of writing is affective, concerned specifically with the attitudes of openness and trust. A method of writing is presented which we conjecture induces s…
How to make a good cup of tea: Exploring the scripts of thought‐disordered and non‐thought‐disordered patients
Thought‐disordered and non‐thought‐disordered schizophrenic patients, psychometrically defined, were compared with control patients on a task requiring them to describe how to make a good cup of tea. Schizophrenic patients produced less detail on how to prepare tea and thought‐disordered patients, in particular, omitted optional actions. But such actions were not invariably omitted by these patients since they reported more of the optional action…
Control, activation, and resource: A framework and a model for the control of speech in bilinguals
Language and History
Cognitive structural models: The perception of risk and prevention in coronary heart disease
This paper examines the relationship between causal models and the assessment of actions in a naturalistic domain. Two studies used a novel network diagram technique to elicit individual causal models of the factors affecting the risk of coronary heart disease. The same individuals also rated the effectiveness of different preventive actions. In their diagrams, individuals depicted the causal interrelationships between various factors and estimat…
Inferring health claims: A case study
Advertisements and packaging material are frequently designed to elicit consumer inferences, some of which may be legally proscribed. This paper discusses the analysis of such inferences and the empirical resting of analytic results. By way of a case study, it reports the analysis and empirical testing of the inferences elicited by two different packages on the same breakfast cereal. Analysis on the first package indicated that consumers might dr…
Are visual search procedures adapted to the nature of the script
Letters are processed differently from other shapes in a visual search task where subjects have to decide whether or not a predesignated target symbol is present in a subsequently presented string of five such symbols. If the M‐shaped letter search function, which relates correct reaction time to target position, reflects an efficient strategy used in word recognition, it should be produced by skilled readers of English who also read a logographi…
Lexical Decision and Language Switching
Previous research has suggested that there is a cost in switching between language in a lexical decision task. This paper reports two studies exploring its basis. Experiment 1 confirmed such a cost in a lexical decision task in which the target language for a trial is specified. German-English bilinguals were slower on switch trials compared to nonswitch trials. Experiment 2 changed the task to one in which a word response could be given independ…
Explaining and envisaging an ecological phenomenon
Two-way causal processes, in which a change in one factor affects a second factor which in turn affects the first, are an important feature of the natural and social world. Yet prior research (White, 1992, 1995) suggests that individuals only envisage one-way causal processes when they think of the natural world. The limiting factor may be the nature of their mental model of the situation. With the relatively complex tasks such as those used by W…
Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system
This paper aims to foster discussion of the means by which bilinguals control their two language systems. It proposes an inhibitory control (IC) model that embodies the principle that there are multiple levels of control. In the model a language task schema (modulated by a higher level of control) “reactively” inhibits potential competitors for production at the lemma level by virtue of their language tags. The IC model is used to expand the expl…
Metaphors Enhance Radio Problem Discussions
Problem-discussion radio programs involve callers with problems, discussed by radio hosts. An analysis of 30 calls suggests that callers who use personal stories and organizing metaphors have successful interactions. Organizing metaphors are defined as cognitive elements that summarize recursive story-internal patterns hierarchically and present a caller's succinct evaluation of self. The connection established in spoken discourse between stories…
The development of visual search strategies in biscriptal readers
In visual search tasks, skilled adult readers of English process letters of the alphabet differently from other symbols (Hammond & Green, 1982; Mason, 1982). Less skilled (young) readers of English, and skilled readers of logographic scripts, do not show this differential processing across stimuli (Green, Hammond, & Supramaniam, 1983; Green & Meara, 1987). To test whether cognitive processing in bilinguals depends upon script combinations and lan…
Detailed and Succinct Self-Portraits of Addicts in Broadcast Stories
Narrative discourse offers a viable perspective on sociocultural, psychological and professional dimensions of the self. Following Labov's early definition of evaluation, current studies explore linguistic and paralinguistic evaluative devices which participants in discourse use to present and construct their self. Organizing metaphors are a global evaluative device often used in broadcast personal stories to summarize local lexical and syntactic…
Figurative Positioning in Hotline Stories
Personal stories and tropes are ubiquitous in problem talk (e.g. therapy, counseling and hotline) which focuses on problem presentation, discussion and candidate solutions. Current studies of radio problem talk between troubled callers and psychologists show that certain tropes constitute the gist of callers’ narrative versions of the problems, and facilitate the negotiation of solutions (Kupferberg & Green, 1998). Adapting Bamberg’s (1997a) broa…
Mental simulation and argument
We examine how opinion on a controversial real-world issue shifts as a function of reading relevant arguments and engaging in a specific mental simulation about a future, fictional state of affairs involving the target issue. Individuals thought either counterfactually about a future event (“if only X had not happened ...”) or semifactually about it (“even if X had not happened ...”). In Experiment 1, as expected, individuals became more in favou…
Convergence, Degeneracy, and Control
Understanding the neural representation and control of language in normal bilingual speakers provides insights into the factors that constrain the acquisition of another language, insights into the nature of language expertise, and an understanding of the brain as an adaptive system. We illustrate both functional and structural brain changes associated with acquiring other languages and discuss the value of neuroimaging data in identifying indivi…
Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control
Control mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence from language switching studies
A key question in bilingual language production research is how bilingual individuals control the use of their two languages. The psycholinguistic literature concerning language control is unresolved. It is a matter of controversy whether (a) issues to do with control are central to understanding bilingual language processing; and (b) if they are, what is the site or sites of control; and (c) whether language control in bilinguals relies upon inh…
Narrators defend their side of the story metaphorically at troubled narrative junctions
The study explores troubled Israeli telephone talk to explain the functions of figurative clusters (FCs) produced in callers’ stories. Espousing a theoretical framework comprising discourse-oriented institutional conversation analysis, narrative inquiry and discursive psychology, as well as a model of narrative positioning that probes narrators’ co-construction of meaning, we show that FCs were generated at certain junctions in the interaction wh…
Bilingual Minds
The Revised Hierarchical Model: A critical review and assessment
Brysbaert and Duyck (this issue) suggest that it is time to abandon the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll and Stewart, 1994) in favor of connectionist models such as BIA+ (Dijkstra and Van Heuven, 2002) that more accurately account for the recent evidence on non-selective access in bilingual word recognition. In this brief response, we first review the history of the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM), consider the set of issues that it was propose…
Who Uses Television Captions, When, and Why? Analyses Based on the Australian Television Caption Users Survey
Despite the popularity of television captioning among deaf and hard-of-hearing Australians and its utility for other sections of the community (e.g., second language learners of English), there is little systematic research on relevant factors in captioning and patterns of caption use. This paper reports data from the Television Caption Users Survey (conducted October–December, 2000), the largest Australian survey to date of caption users' viewin…
Inhibition and Control in Second Language Acquisition
Acquiring a second language (L2) is a dynamic process.
Bilingualism Tunes the Anterior Cingulate Cortex for Conflict Monitoring
Monitoring and controlling 2 language systems is fundamental to language use in bilinguals. Here, we reveal in a combined functional (event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging) and structural neuroimaging (voxel-based morphometry) study that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a structure tightly bound to domain-general executive control functions, is a common locus for language control and resolving nonverbal conflict. We also show…
Psychology (34 works) · Computer Science (28 works) · Linguistics (24 works) · Cognitive psychology (20 works) · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism (19 works) · Cognition (15 works) · Artificial Intelligence (13 works) · Control (management) (11 works) · Reading and Literacy Development (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (9 works)