Claude Markovits
Biographic Data
| ID | 287280 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Claude Markovits |
| GIVEN NAMES | Claude |
| FAMILY NAME | Markovits |
| SIGNATURE | MARKOVITS C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 53 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The limits of the ethnographic state in British India: The case of ‘foreign Asiatic vagrants’, c. 1860–1900
This article looks afresh at the notion of the British–Indian colonial state as an ‘ethnographic state’, as formulated by Nicholas Dirks. It does so through a case study of gangs of ‘foreign Asiatic vagrants’ whose forays into British India during the last decades of the nineteenth century created panic among colonial officials and further argues that such panic was due to the difficulty of identifying the members of these gangs. Ethnography prov…
Ce que le Lancashire doit à l’Inde
Les relations commerciales entre l’Inde et l’Asie centrale entre 1550 et 1920: Des échanges intenses et diversifiés
Cet article traite d’un aspect peu connu de l’histoire économique de l’Asie centrale, les échanges intenses qu’elle a entretenus pendant près de quatre siècles avec l’Inde. À partir du 16e siècle, comme l’attestent de nombreux documents, des marchands indiens ont parcouru la région, apportant d’Inde des textiles et d’autres produits, rapportant en Inde de la soie et des métaux précieux, tandis que d’autres marchands étaient impliqués dans l’expor…
Autobiographie de Gandhi (L’)
Cet article traite de l’Autobiographie de Gandhi comme source historique. Après avoir retracé la genèse du texte, on souligne que l’intention affichée de Gandhi n’était pas de fournir de la documentation aux historiens en racontant les évènements de sa vie, mais de mettre en valeur la dimension spirituelle de cette vie vouée à la quête du divin. Alors que la première partie du texte peut s’apparenter à une sorte de bildungsroman, dans sa narratio…
Sanjay Subrahmanyam: Le palimpseste des grandes villes indiennes
L’Inde et l’Italie: Rencontres intellectuelles, politiques et artistiques
L’Inde et l’Italie, l’Italie et l’Inde ! Les études ici réunies mettent en lumière les liens anciens et féconds que ces deux pays ont tissés : Vénitiens et Génois, artisans du commerce des épices entre l’Europe et l’Asie du Sud dès la fin du XIIe siècle ; Sikhs du Panjab venus fabriquer de la mozzarella au sud de Naples aujourd’hui ; orfèvres italiens enrôlés pour leur savoir-faire à la construction du Taj Mahal ou bien encore le Risorgimento pri…
L’Inde dans l’économie mondiale au XIXe siècle
Cet article, qui examine le rôle de l’Inde dans l’économie mondiale au XIXe siècle, part du constat qu’elle a clairement perdu au XIXe siècle la fonction d’« atelier du monde » qu’elle avait occupée depuis la fin du XVIIe siècle du fait de sa domination de la production de tissus de coton. On souligne ensuite les limites du processus de désindustrialisation intervenu, avec le maintien, voire la renaissance, d’un artisanat textile vigoureux et la …
The Indian Economy and the British Empire in the Company Period: Some additional reflections around an essay by David Washbrook
Taking as its point of departure David Washbrook's essay 'The Indian Economy and the British Empire', this article takes a more detailed look at some episodes in the history of British India in the era of the Company Raj, with a view to placing them within a broader imperial framework, as advocated by Washbrook. The first part of the article examines, through an array of case studies, the actual contribution made by the Company to 'global' Britis…
Philippe Pétriat Le négoce des lieux saints. Négociants hadramis de Djedda, 1850-1950 Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2016, 444 p
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Fausses continuités, interrelations complexes: L’Europe et l’Asie méridionale depuis le xv e siècle
Europe et Asie méridionale étaient connectées indirectement depuis le xii e siècle à travers un actif commerce d’épices dominé par les Vénitiens. L’établissement d’une route maritime directe par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance fut le fait des Portugais, avec le voyage de Vasco de Gama en 1497-98. Entre 1500 et 1750, la présence européenne, élargie après 1600 aux Européens du Nord, resta essentiellement commerciale. Une transition s’effectua à partir de…
Les Indes et l'Europe: Histoires connectées, XVe-XXIe siècles
Les Indes ? Ce sont l’Asie du Sud (Inde, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Népal, Bhoutan, Ceylan et Maldives) et l’Asie du Sud-Est (péninsule dite « indochinoise », Birmanie comprise, guirlande insulaire de Sumatra jusqu’aux Moluques – Indonésie, Philippines, Brunei, Timor –, Malaisie et Singapour constituant une zone de transition). Pourquoi connecter en une seule histoire l’Europe et ces deux sous-régions, si différentes entre elles ? Les relations cultur…
South Asian Business in the Empire and Beyond c. 1800–1950
Cosmopolitismes en Asie du Sud: Sources, itinéraires, langues (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Le cosmopolitisme est-il un enfant de la modernité occidentale ou peut-on le trouver en d’autres temps et d’autres lieux ? Cet ouvrage entend apporter une réponse à cette question aujourd’hui vivement débattue en retraçant ses contours en tant que pratique et Weltanschauung dans une région du monde - l’Asie du Sud - pôle majeur de l’espace de circulation de l’Asie musulmane et nœud des flux humains, matériels et immatériels reliant l’Occident à l…
Thinking India in South Africa: Gandhi's Conundrum
The focus of the article is the way in which Gandhi in South Africa between 1893 and 1914 constructed a notion of India through a process of partly imaginary circulation between South Africa and India. While he embarked upon a career, firstly as spokesman, and then as leader of the very diverse Indian population of South Africa, he tried to remain in touch with political developments in India. His attempt at ‘inhabiting two spaces at the same tim…
The Political Economy of Opium Smuggling in Early Nineteenth Century India: Leakage or Resistance?
INTRODUCTION The link between narcotics, imperialism and capitalism has long attracted the attention of scholars. Recently, Carl Trocki has reiterated the classical Marxist position, dating back to Karl Marx himself, on the incestuous relationship between drugs and empire, while recognizing that the opium trade also nurtured certain forms of indigenous capitalism in Asia. While he has focused on the global Asian opium scene, including India, Chin…
David Lockwood. The Indian Bourgeoisie: A Political History of the Indian Capitalist Class in the Early Twentieth Century. Londres/New York, I. B. Tauris, 2012, 315 p
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Connecting Seas and Connected Ocean Rims: Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and China Seas Migrations from the 1830s to the 1930s
Long-distance migration of peoples have been a central if little understood factor in global integration. The essays in this collection contribute to a new history of world migrations, written by specialists of particular areas of the world. Collectively these essays point towards a shift from the regional migrations of individual seas and oceans of the early modern era toward nineteenth-century labor migrations that connected the Pacific and Ind…
Company of kinsmen: Enterprise and community in south Asian history 1700-1940 - By Tirthankar Roy
Indian Merchant Networks Outside India in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Preliminary Survey
In spite of the recent flowering of studies on the South Asian diaspora, we are nevertheless left with many gaps in our knowledge and many unanswered questions. The bulk of existing work is still focused on the migration of agricultural labour and the 'Little Indias' it spawned in various corners of the world. The recent migrations of educated professionals to the countries of the 'First World', particularly the USA, are also attracting increasin…
Indian Soldiers’ Experiences In France During World War I: Seeing Europe From The Rear Of The Front
This chapter begins with a brief account of the Indian Expeditionary Force (IEF) in France in 191418, its composition and its actual role in warfare on the Western Front. It then moves on to an examination of some of the methodological problems posed by the use of the soldiers censored mails as historical sources. The chapter offers a broad analysis of the material itself with a focus on the question of gender, as, in the eyes of the Indian soldi…
Culture métropolitaine, culture impériale: Un Débat Entre Historiens Britanniques
William Gould, Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India
The emergence of the Hindu Right as an important political force in India in the late 1990s and early 2000s has inevitably called forth renewed interrogations about the historical genesis of Hindu nationalism. One of the major questions concerns the ambiguous relationship that has always existed between the ‘mainstream’ so-called ‘secular’ nationalism of the Congress and the specific brand of ‘Hindu’ nationalism linked to the RSS and the Hindu Ma…
Indian Business and Nationalist Politics, 1931-39: The Indigenous Capitalist Class and the Rise of the Congress Party
The Political Economy of Opium Smuggling in Early Nineteenth Century India: Leakage or Resistance
This article looks at the political economy of opium smuggling in India in the first decades of the nineteenth century, in particular in relation to Sindh, one of the last independent polities in the subcontinent. After a description of the smuggling of 'Malwa' opium (grown in the princely states of Central India) into China-in defiance of the monopoly of the East India Company over 'Bengal' or 'Patna' opium, grown in Bihar-it considers the role …
Merchants, Traders, Entrepreneurs
This book deals with three main aspects of the history of Indian business: The relationship between business and politics, the position of merchants and businessmen in the economy and society of late
Indian Merchant Networks Outside India in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Preliminary Survey
In spite of the recent flowering of studies on the South Asian diaspora, we are nevertheless left with many gaps in our knowledge and many unanswered questions. The bulk of existing work is still focused on the migration of agricultural labour and the 'Little Indias' it spawned in various corners of the world. The recent migrations of educated professionals to the countries of the 'First World', particularly the USA, are also attracting increasin…
Connecting Seas and Connected Ocean Rims: Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and China Seas Migrations from the 1830s to the 1930s
Long-distance migration of peoples have been a central if little understood factor in global integration. The essays in this collection contribute to a new history of world migrations, written by specialists of particular areas of the world. Collectively these essays point towards a shift from the regional migrations of individual seas and oceans of the early modern era toward nineteenth-century labor migrations that connected the Pacific and Ind…
The Political Economy of Opium Smuggling in Early Nineteenth Century India: Leakage or Resistance
This article looks at the political economy of opium smuggling in India in the first decades of the nineteenth century, in particular in relation to Sindh, one of the last independent polities in the subcontinent. After a description of the smuggling of 'Malwa' opium (grown in the princely states of Central India) into China-in defiance of the monopoly of the East India Company over 'Bengal' or 'Patna' opium, grown in Bihar-it considers the role …
Structure and Agency in the World of Asian Commerce during the Era of European Colonial Domination (c. 1750-1950)
This paper examines the theme of the 'survival' of Asian business in the period of European colonial domination in Asia, i.e. c. 1750-1950, through the trajectories of some Indian merchant communities. It shows how Indian nationalist discourse systematically overlooked the role played by Indian merchants in the economies of colonized countries outside India. A critique of the paradigm of the great pan-Asian bazaar as put forward by the Indian his…
Indian Business and the Congress Provincial Governments 1937-39
The late 1930s saw a definite turn in political developments in India. Following the abandonment of Civil Disobedience in 1934, a prolonged period of internal peace helped the Congress, until then a broadly-based movement with a general commitment to fight foreign rule, evolve into a more organized party capable of aspiring to political dominance. In the process, its relations with different social forces took a more definite shape. While in the …
Appropriation du passé et nationalisme hindou dans l'Inde contemporaine
Cet article examine un type particulier d’appropriation du passé dans l’Inde contemporaine par un courant politique qui est celui du nationalisme hindou. À partir de l’analyse d’un évènement symbolique, la destruction d’une mosquée dans une petite ville de l’Inde du Nord en décembre 1992 par une foule d’émeutiers hindous, on cherche à cerner la manière dont les nationalistes hindous tentent de reconstruire l’histoire indienne en effaçant tout son…
Histoire de l'inde moderne, 1480-1950
Recherches de sciences sociales sur l’Asie du Sud. Volume III
Les études ici rassemblées ont d’abord fait l’objet d’exposés au séminaire collectif des chercheurs du Centre d’Études de l’Inde et de l’Asie du Sud, en 1973 et 1974. Une révision soigneuse n’exclut pas que l’on ait conservé, ici et là, l’écho des discussions qu’elles ont suscitées. Bien qu’elles relèvent de disciplines très diverses – anthropologie sociale, histoire, géographie, économie, indologie classique, philosophie, etc. – nous pensons qu’…
Sur le nationalisme indien
L'Inde est souvent considérée comme l'exemple le plus classique du développement de l'impérialisme occidental et de l'essor du nationalisme anticolonial à l'époque moderne. Le mouvement national indien apparaît comme le grand précurseur des fronts de libération nationale que le xxe siècle a vu fleurir en Afrique et en Asie. Dans cette perspective, l'étude de son histoire prend une importance d'autant plus grande que beaucoup d'idées reçues sur la…
Indian Business and the Congress Provincial Governments 1937-39
The late 1930s saw a definite turn in political developments in India. Following the abandonment of Civil Disobedience in 1934, a prolonged period of internal peace helped the Congress, until then a broadly-based movement with a general commitment to fight foreign rule, evolve into a more organized party capable of aspiring to political dominance. In the process, its relations with different social forces took a more definite shape. While in the …
L'Inde coloniale: Nationalisme Et Histoire
L'une des conséquences majeures du contact de la pensée indienne avec l'Occident au xixe siècle est l'attention nouvelle portée à la discipline historique, dont on sait qu'elle n'avait guère de place dans la tradition classique. La nouvelle intelligentsia qui sort des établissements d'enseignement fondés par les Anglais a une conscience de l'histoire dont ses prédécesseurs étaient dépourvus. Certes l'enseignement reçu concerne presque exclusiveme…
Daniel Thorner, The Shaping of Modem India, New Delhi, Allied Publishers, 1980, XVIII-404 p
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S. Sarkar. The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-1908, Delhi, People's Publishing House, 1973, 552 p
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Asie du Sud. Traditions et Changements, Paris, Éditions du CNRS, 1979, 676 p
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Indian Business and Nationalist Politics 1931–1939: The Indigenous Capitalist Class and the Rise of the Congress Party
The 1930s was a critical decade in Indian politics. It saw the Congress Party begin its rise to political dominance, while Indian 'big business' strengthened its position in the economy. This book seeks to analyse the response of India's most important indigenous businessmen to the growth of political nationalism. Dr Markovits' study falls into three parts: an analysis of the structure of the business class, revealing its basic heterogeneity and …
Indian Business and Nationalist Politics, 1931-1939
Indian Business and Nationalist Politics, 1931-1939. The Indigenous Capitalist Class and the Rise of the Congress Party
The Growth of Entrepreneurship in India c. 1850–1950 with Some Latin American Comparisons
Among Third World countries, India stands out as having one of the most developed ‘big business sectors’, with a recent tendency by some firms to go multinational. This notwithstanding the fact that the public sector plays a major role in the Indian economy. Although the origins of some of India's business groups go back to pre-colonial times, most of them trace their beginnings to the 1850–1950 period, the ‘second colonial century’, during which…
Transfert de technologie de Grande-Bretagne en Inde: Le Cas De l'Industrie Cotonnière (1854-1920)
Dans la littrature du dveloppement, la question de la technologie occupe une place centrale. Une controverse oppose les partisans d'un transfert pur et simple des technologies des pays industriels vers les pays dits pudiquement en voie de dveloppement et les tenants des technologies appropries qui plaident pour la recherche d'alternatives indignes la technologie occidentale 1 . Mais les participants ce dbat ne semblent gure conscients du fait que…
L’État colonial vu par les historiens
On se propose dans cet article d’aborder la problématique de l’État en Inde à partir d’une étude historiographique. On s’intéresse donc aux conceptions de l’État colonial à l’œuvre dans les travaux de certains historiens. On part d’une analyse de la place de l’État colonial dans la littérature antérieure aux années 1960. C’est l’approche « whig » qui domine : on voit dans la mise en place de l’État colonial une rupture radicale avec les modes ind…
Histoire de l'inde moderne, 1480-1950
L'Asie orientale et méridionale aux XIXe et XXe siècles
L'Asie orientale et méridionale aux XIXe et XXe siècles
L'Asie orientale et méridionale aux XIXe et XXe siècles
L'Asie orientale et méridionale aux XIXe et XXe siècles
The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama
Claude Markovits tells the story of two groups of Hindu merchants from the towns of Shikarpur and Hyderabad in the province of Sind. Basing his account on previously neglected archival sources, the author charts the development of these communities, from the pre-colonial period through colonial conquest and up to independence, describing how they came to control trading networks throughout the world. While the book focuses on the trade of goods, …
Gandhi
Society and circulation: Mobile people and itinerant cultures in South Asia, 1750-1950
Contributed articles
Elizabeth M. Collingham. Imperial bodies: The physical experience of the Raj, c. 1800-1947. Cambridge, Polity Press, 2001, XIII-273 p
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Appropriation du passé et nationalisme hindou dans l'Inde contemporaine
Cet article examine un type particulier d’appropriation du passé dans l’Inde contemporaine par un courant politique qui est celui du nationalisme hindou. À partir de l’analyse d’un évènement symbolique, la destruction d’une mosquée dans une petite ville de l’Inde du Nord en décembre 1992 par une foule d’émeutiers hindous, on cherche à cerner la manière dont les nationalistes hindous tentent de reconstruire l’histoire indienne en effaçant tout son…
Structure and Agency in the World of Asian Commerce during the Era of European Colonial Domination (c. 1750-1950)
This paper examines the theme of the 'survival' of Asian business in the period of European colonial domination in Asia, i.e. c. 1750-1950, through the trajectories of some Indian merchant communities. It shows how Indian nationalist discourse systematically overlooked the role played by Indian merchants in the economies of colonized countries outside India. A critique of the paradigm of the great pan-Asian bazaar as put forward by the Indian his…
Les soldats indiens au secours de la France en 1914
En 1914, 90 000 soldats indiens de l'Indian Army sont envoyés au front dans le nord de la France et en Belgique. Les lettres qu'ils ont écrites -ou plutôt fait écrire -à leur famille restée en Inde seront publiées en partie par la censure militaire britannique. Dans quel contexte un corps expéditionnaire britannique a-t-il pu être envoyé en France ? Quel rôle ces soldats ont-ils joué pendant le conflit ? Et quelle perception ont-ils pu avoir de l…
Political science (34 works) · Art (23 works) · Law (22 works) · History (19 works) · Colonial History and Postcolonial Studies (17 works) · Humanities (16 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Geography (14 works) · Politics (14 works) · Economics (12 works)