Araz Taeihagh
Biographic Data
| ID | 288510 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Araz Taeihagh |
| GIVEN NAMES | Araz |
| FAMILY NAME | Taeihagh |
| SIGNATURE | TAEIHAGH A |
| AFFILIATIONS | National University of Singapore |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4812-4745 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 201 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Policy Capacity for Novel Technology Adoption: Developmental Insights From Singapore's AI Adoption in Long‐Term Care
Worldwide, artificial intelligence‐driven technologies, including robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), are adopted to address manpower shortages in long‐term care. However, their effective use requires a reasonable degree of policy capacity across individual‐, organisational‐ and system‐levels. This research examines the strategies taken in Singapore to build these capacities on deploying novel technologies in long‐term care and identifies key …
Building trust in the generative AI era: A systematic review of global regulatory frameworks to combat the risks of mis-, dis-, and mal-information
The rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) technologies such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Stable Diffusion offers transformative opportunities while also raising profound ethical, societal, and governance challenges. As these tools become increasingly integrated into digital and social infrastructures, it is vital to understand their potential impact on consumer behavior, trust, information consumption, and societal we…
The rise of Big Tech as super policy entrepreneurs
Large technology companies (Big Tech) are becoming ever more powerful in modern societies. While concerns have been raised about their political, economic, and social implications, the policy implications of their rise remain underexplored. We utilize Kingdon’s concept of the policy entrepreneur, alongside the broader policy entrepreneurship literature, to examine Big Tech’s expanding role in the policy process. We conceptualize the super policy …
Conceptualising Public Trust in High-Risk AI Policymaking: A Comparative Analysis of Three Asian Cities
How do we develop trust in artificial intelligence (AI), which can threaten our fundamental rights or might cause physical harm? This article proposes a governance-centred framework and argues that trust in high-risk AI systems is a function not only of the features of the technology and personal traits but is also a function of trust in institutions under which they operate. The article tests and compares the validity of the framework using 3,60…
Tackling the soft non-technical challenges of the adoption of complexity science in policymaking
Complexity science offers valuable conceptual and analytical tools for addressing multifaceted socio-technical challenges in policymaking, promoting a holistic, dynamic, and adaptive framework that moves beyond traditional linear approaches. Despite its potential, complexity science has struggled to gain traction in the mainstream policy debates. This article examines the non-technical-human and organisational-barriers impeding the adoption of co…
Governance of Generative AI
The rapid and widespread diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has unlocked new capabilities and changed how content and services are created, shared, and consumed. This special issue builds on the 2021 Policy and Society special issue on the governance of AI by focusing on the legal, organizational, political, regulatory, and social challenges of governing generative AI. This introductory article lays the foundation for understand…
Building an AI ecosystem in a small nation: Lessons from Singapore’s journey to the forefront of AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) is arguably the most transformative technology of our time. While all nations would like to mobilize their resources to play an active role in AI development and utilization, only a few nations, such as the United States and China, have the resources and capacity to do so. If so, how can smaller or less resourceful countries navigate the technological terrain to emerge at the forefront of AI development? This research…
Smart cities as spatial manifestations of 21st century capitalism
Globally, smart cities attract billions of dollars in investment annually, with related market opportunities forecast to grow year-on-year. The enormous resources poured into their development consist of financial capital, but also natural, human and social resources converted into infrastructure and real estate. The latter act as physical capital storage and sites for the creation of digital products and services expected to generate the highest…
Governing disruptive technologies for inclusive development in cities: A systematic literature review
Cities are increasingly adopting advanced technologies to address complex challenges. Applying technologies such as information and communication technology, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and autonomous systems in cities' design, planning, and management can cause disruptive changes in their social, economic, and environmental composition. Through a systematic literature review, this research develops a conceptual model linking (1)…
Designing adaptive policy packages for inclusive smart cities: Lessons from Singapore's smart nation program
Investigated the policy goals, objectives, and instruments in Singapore's smart nation program. • Smart nation program focuses on the social and economic dimensions of inclusive development. • Diverse instruments with synergistic and facilitative interactions contributes to adaptive policy design spaces. • Adaptive design spaces manage advanced tech's uncertainties and expand its access and utilisation - key to inclusive smart cities. In the last…
Development of New Generation of Artificial Intelligence in China: When Beijing’s Global Ambitions Meet Local Realities
How did China become one of the leaders in AI development, and will China prevail in the ongoing AI race with the US? Existing studies have focused on the Chinese central government's role in promoting AI.Notwithstanding the importance of the central government, a significant portion of the responsibility for AI development falls on local governments' shoulders.Local governments have diverging interests, capacities and, therefore, approaches to p…
The soft underbelly of complexity science adoption in policymaking: Towards addressing frequently overlooked non-technical challenges
The deepening integration of social-technical systems creates immensely complex environments, creating increasingly uncertain and unpredictable circumstances. Given this context, policymakers have been encouraged to draw on complexity science-informed approaches in policymaking to help grapple with and manage the mounting complexity of the world. For nearly eighty years, complexity-informed approaches have been promising to change how our complex…
Why and how is the power of Big Tech increasing in the policy process? The case of generative AI
The growing digitalization of our society has led to a meteoric rise of large technology companies (Big Tech), which have amassed tremendous wealth and influence through their ownership of digital infrastructure and platforms. The recent launch of ChatGPT and the rapid popularization of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) act as a focusing event to further accelerate the concentration of power in the hands of the Big Tech. By using Kingdon…
A realist synthesis to develop an explanatory model of how policy instruments impact child and maternal health outcomes
This paper presents a realist synthesis to develop an explanatory model of how policy instruments impact child and maternal health outcomes from a large, systematically identified international body of evidence. Five final programme theories were supported, showing how policy instruments play an important yet context-dependent role in influencing child and maternal health outcomes
What factors drive policy transfer in smart city development? Insights from a Delphi study
Smart city initiatives are viewed as an input to existing urban systems to solve various problems faced by modern cities. Making cities smarter implies not only technological innovation and deployment, but also having smart people and effective policies. Cities can acquire knowledge and incorporate governance lessons from other jurisdictions to develop smart city initiatives that are unique to the local contexts. We conducted two rounds of survey…
Whither policy innovation? Mapping conceptual engagement with public policy in energy transitions research
A transition to sustainable energy will require not only technological diffusion and behavioral change, but also policy innovation. While research on energy transitions has generated an extensive literature, the extent to which it has used the policy innovation perspective – entailing policy entrepreneurship or invention, policy diffusion, and policy success – remains unclear. This study analyzes over 8000 publications on energy transitions throu…
How does fake news spread? Understanding pathways of disinformation spread through APIs
What are the pathways for spreading disinformation on social media platforms? This article addresses this question by collecting, categorising, and situating an extensive body of research on how application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by social media platforms facilitate the spread of disinformation. We first examine the landscape of official social media APIs, then perform quantitative research on the open-source code repositories Git…
Tensions and antagonistic interactions of risks and ethics of using robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care
The dwindling informal care support structure for the older population and the shortage of skilled nursing care staff propelled the rise of robotics and autonomous systems as potential solutions to meet the rising demands in long-term care. However, the nascent development in the governance of their applications could predispose older people to the negative ramifications of technological risks and ethical issues. This systematic review maps out f…
Public Health Innovation through Cloud Adoption: A Comparative Analysis of Drivers and Barriers in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore
Governments are increasingly using cloud computing to reduce cost, increase access, improve quality, and create innovations in healthcare. Existing literature is primarily based on successful examples from developed western countries, and there is a lack of similar evidence from Asia. With a population close to 4.5 billion people, Asia faces healthcare challenges that pose an immense burden on economic growth and policymaking. Cloud computing in …
Governance of artificial intelligence
The rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the intensification in the adoption of AI in domains such as autonomous vehicles, lethal weapon systems, robotics and alike pose serious challenges to governments as they must manage the scale and speed of socio-technical transitions occurring. While there is considerable literature emerging on various aspects of AI, governance of AI is a significantly underdeveloped area. The new applica…
Adaptive governance of autonomous vehicles: Accelerating the adoption of disruptive technologies in Singapore
Despite their promise, there have been discussions surrounding the technological risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach, this article examines the development and implementation of AVs in Singapore. Our findings reveal that AV regulatory sandboxes, the formalisation of safety assessments and the release of technical guidelines are some of the most adaptive a…
Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologies
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design govern…
Regulating human control over autonomous systems
In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy…
Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework
Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda‐setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy‐making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de‐)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that t…
Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the informal economies, and various governance challenges are curtailing government idealism regarding smart …
Governance of artificial intelligence
The rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the intensification in the adoption of AI in domains such as autonomous vehicles, lethal weapon systems, robotics and alike pose serious challenges to governments as they must manage the scale and speed of socio-technical transitions occurring. While there is considerable literature emerging on various aspects of AI, governance of AI is a significantly underdeveloped area. The new applica…
Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologies
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design govern…
Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework
Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda‐setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy‐making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de‐)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that t…
Why and how is the power of Big Tech increasing in the policy process? The case of generative AI
The growing digitalization of our society has led to a meteoric rise of large technology companies (Big Tech), which have amassed tremendous wealth and influence through their ownership of digital infrastructure and platforms. The recent launch of ChatGPT and the rapid popularization of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) act as a focusing event to further accelerate the concentration of power in the hands of the Big Tech. By using Kingdon…
Crowdsourcing: A new tool for policy-making
Regulating human control over autonomous systems
In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy…
Governance of Generative AI
The rapid and widespread diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has unlocked new capabilities and changed how content and services are created, shared, and consumed. This special issue builds on the 2021 Policy and Society special issue on the governance of AI by focusing on the legal, organizational, political, regulatory, and social challenges of governing generative AI. This introductory article lays the foundation for understand…
Development of New Generation of Artificial Intelligence in China: When Beijing’s Global Ambitions Meet Local Realities
How did China become one of the leaders in AI development, and will China prevail in the ongoing AI race with the US? Existing studies have focused on the Chinese central government's role in promoting AI.Notwithstanding the importance of the central government, a significant portion of the responsibility for AI development falls on local governments' shoulders.Local governments have diverging interests, capacities and, therefore, approaches to p…
Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care in Singapore
Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel te…
Network-centric policy design
Crowdsourcing, Sharing Economies and Development
What are the similarities and differences between crowdsourcing and sharing economy? What factors influence their use in developing countries? In light of recent developments in the use of IT-mediated technologies, such as crowdsourcing and the sharing economy, this manuscript examines their similarities and differences, and the challenges regarding their effective use in developing countries. We first examine each individually and highlight diff…
Adaptive governance of autonomous vehicles: Accelerating the adoption of disruptive technologies in Singapore
Despite their promise, there have been discussions surrounding the technological risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach, this article examines the development and implementation of AVs in Singapore. Our findings reveal that AV regulatory sandboxes, the formalisation of safety assessments and the release of technical guidelines are some of the most adaptive a…
The soft underbelly of complexity science adoption in policymaking: Towards addressing frequently overlooked non-technical challenges
The deepening integration of social-technical systems creates immensely complex environments, creating increasingly uncertain and unpredictable circumstances. Given this context, policymakers have been encouraged to draw on complexity science-informed approaches in policymaking to help grapple with and manage the mounting complexity of the world. For nearly eighty years, complexity-informed approaches have been promising to change how our complex…
Whither policy innovation? Mapping conceptual engagement with public policy in energy transitions research
A transition to sustainable energy will require not only technological diffusion and behavioral change, but also policy innovation. While research on energy transitions has generated an extensive literature, the extent to which it has used the policy innovation perspective – entailing policy entrepreneurship or invention, policy diffusion, and policy success – remains unclear. This study analyzes over 8000 publications on energy transitions throu…
Moocs and crowdsourcing: Massive courses and massive resources
Premised upon the observation that MOOC and crowdsourcing phenomena share several important characteristics, including IT mediation, large-scale human participation, and varying levels of openness to participants, this work systematizes a comparison of MOOC and crowdsourcing phenomena along these salient dimensions. In doing so, we learn that both domains share further common traits, including similarities in IT structures, knowledge generating c…
Crowdsourcing, Sharing Economies and Development
What are the similarities and differences between crowdsourcing and sharing economy? What factors influence their use in developing countries? In light of recent developments in the use of IT-mediated technologies, such as crowdsourcing and the sharing economy, this manuscript examines their similarities and differences, and the challenges regarding their effective use in developing countries. We first examine each individually and highlight diff…
Crowdsourcing: A new tool for policy-making
Network-centric policy design
Governing autonomous vehicles: Emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks
The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thu…
Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the informal economies, and various governance challenges are curtailing government idealism regarding smart …
Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care in Singapore
Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel te…
How does fake news spread? Understanding pathways of disinformation spread through APIs
What are the pathways for spreading disinformation on social media platforms? This article addresses this question by collecting, categorising, and situating an extensive body of research on how application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by social media platforms facilitate the spread of disinformation. We first examine the landscape of official social media APIs, then perform quantitative research on the open-source code repositories Git…
Tensions and antagonistic interactions of risks and ethics of using robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care
The dwindling informal care support structure for the older population and the shortage of skilled nursing care staff propelled the rise of robotics and autonomous systems as potential solutions to meet the rising demands in long-term care. However, the nascent development in the governance of their applications could predispose older people to the negative ramifications of technological risks and ethical issues. This systematic review maps out f…
Public Health Innovation through Cloud Adoption: A Comparative Analysis of Drivers and Barriers in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore
Governments are increasingly using cloud computing to reduce cost, increase access, improve quality, and create innovations in healthcare. Existing literature is primarily based on successful examples from developed western countries, and there is a lack of similar evidence from Asia. With a population close to 4.5 billion people, Asia faces healthcare challenges that pose an immense burden on economic growth and policymaking. Cloud computing in …
Governance of artificial intelligence
The rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the intensification in the adoption of AI in domains such as autonomous vehicles, lethal weapon systems, robotics and alike pose serious challenges to governments as they must manage the scale and speed of socio-technical transitions occurring. While there is considerable literature emerging on various aspects of AI, governance of AI is a significantly underdeveloped area. The new applica…
Adaptive governance of autonomous vehicles: Accelerating the adoption of disruptive technologies in Singapore
Despite their promise, there have been discussions surrounding the technological risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach, this article examines the development and implementation of AVs in Singapore. Our findings reveal that AV regulatory sandboxes, the formalisation of safety assessments and the release of technical guidelines are some of the most adaptive a…
Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologies
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design govern…
Regulating human control over autonomous systems
In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy…
Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework
Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda‐setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy‐making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de‐)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that t…
What factors drive policy transfer in smart city development? Insights from a Delphi study
Smart city initiatives are viewed as an input to existing urban systems to solve various problems faced by modern cities. Making cities smarter implies not only technological innovation and deployment, but also having smart people and effective policies. Cities can acquire knowledge and incorporate governance lessons from other jurisdictions to develop smart city initiatives that are unique to the local contexts. We conducted two rounds of survey…
Whither policy innovation? Mapping conceptual engagement with public policy in energy transitions research
A transition to sustainable energy will require not only technological diffusion and behavioral change, but also policy innovation. While research on energy transitions has generated an extensive literature, the extent to which it has used the policy innovation perspective – entailing policy entrepreneurship or invention, policy diffusion, and policy success – remains unclear. This study analyzes over 8000 publications on energy transitions throu…
A realist synthesis to develop an explanatory model of how policy instruments impact child and maternal health outcomes
This paper presents a realist synthesis to develop an explanatory model of how policy instruments impact child and maternal health outcomes from a large, systematically identified international body of evidence. Five final programme theories were supported, showing how policy instruments play an important yet context-dependent role in influencing child and maternal health outcomes
Building an AI ecosystem in a small nation: Lessons from Singapore’s journey to the forefront of AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) is arguably the most transformative technology of our time. While all nations would like to mobilize their resources to play an active role in AI development and utilization, only a few nations, such as the United States and China, have the resources and capacity to do so. If so, how can smaller or less resourceful countries navigate the technological terrain to emerge at the forefront of AI development? This research…
Smart cities as spatial manifestations of 21st century capitalism
Globally, smart cities attract billions of dollars in investment annually, with related market opportunities forecast to grow year-on-year. The enormous resources poured into their development consist of financial capital, but also natural, human and social resources converted into infrastructure and real estate. The latter act as physical capital storage and sites for the creation of digital products and services expected to generate the highest…
Governing disruptive technologies for inclusive development in cities: A systematic literature review
Cities are increasingly adopting advanced technologies to address complex challenges. Applying technologies such as information and communication technology, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and autonomous systems in cities' design, planning, and management can cause disruptive changes in their social, economic, and environmental composition. Through a systematic literature review, this research develops a conceptual model linking (1)…
Designing adaptive policy packages for inclusive smart cities: Lessons from Singapore's smart nation program
Investigated the policy goals, objectives, and instruments in Singapore's smart nation program. • Smart nation program focuses on the social and economic dimensions of inclusive development. • Diverse instruments with synergistic and facilitative interactions contributes to adaptive policy design spaces. • Adaptive design spaces manage advanced tech's uncertainties and expand its access and utilisation - key to inclusive smart cities. In the last…
Development of New Generation of Artificial Intelligence in China: When Beijing’s Global Ambitions Meet Local Realities
How did China become one of the leaders in AI development, and will China prevail in the ongoing AI race with the US? Existing studies have focused on the Chinese central government's role in promoting AI.Notwithstanding the importance of the central government, a significant portion of the responsibility for AI development falls on local governments' shoulders.Local governments have diverging interests, capacities and, therefore, approaches to p…
The soft underbelly of complexity science adoption in policymaking: Towards addressing frequently overlooked non-technical challenges
The deepening integration of social-technical systems creates immensely complex environments, creating increasingly uncertain and unpredictable circumstances. Given this context, policymakers have been encouraged to draw on complexity science-informed approaches in policymaking to help grapple with and manage the mounting complexity of the world. For nearly eighty years, complexity-informed approaches have been promising to change how our complex…
Why and how is the power of Big Tech increasing in the policy process? The case of generative AI
The growing digitalization of our society has led to a meteoric rise of large technology companies (Big Tech), which have amassed tremendous wealth and influence through their ownership of digital infrastructure and platforms. The recent launch of ChatGPT and the rapid popularization of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) act as a focusing event to further accelerate the concentration of power in the hands of the Big Tech. By using Kingdon…
Political science (20 works) · Computer Science (16 works) · Business (15 works) · Engineering (11 works) · Economics (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI (8 works) · Law (8 works) · Smart Cities and Technologies (8 works)