Lew Hardy
Biographic Data
| ID | 289283 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lew Hardy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lew |
| FAMILY NAME | Hardy |
| SIGNATURE | HARDY L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bangor University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 27 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Youth Justice Staff Perspectives on Psychological Resilience Interventions and Outcomes in Young People Who Offend
Interventions aimed at increasing psychological resilience are an important factor in reducing recidivism in young people. However, little is known about how practitioners understand, apply, and assess the efficacy of the interventions they deliver. This knowledge gap is concerning as case workers are at the forefront of intervention delivery, where intervention success has wide implications for the young person and society. To provide some of th…
The Role of Optimism and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes Recovery From ACL Injury
Despite a growing interest into the role of psychosocial factors during the recovery period following sports injuries, there remains a paucity of longitudinal studies examining the indirect relationships between psychosocial factors, psychological responses, and recovery outcomes. The purpose of this study was to construct and test a conceptual model which examined the indirect relationships between optimism, psychosocial factors, rehabilitation …
Risk can be good for self-esteem
Despite many decades of research that has highlighted all risk-taking sport activities as a means to satisfy sensation seeking needs (e.g., Zuckerman 1979 Zuckerman, M. 1979. Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]), recent research has challenged that view and has revealed that some high-risk activities provide opportunities for agentic emotion regulation during particip…
The benefit of punishment sensitivity on motor performance under pressure
OBJECTIVE: Humans are often required to perform demanding cognitive and motor tasks under pressure. However, in such environments there is considerable interindividual variability in the ability to successfully execute actions. Here, we consider how individual differences in self-reported sensitivity to punishment influence skilled motor performance under pressure and whether this relationship is moderated by the temporal detection of threat. MET…
A Neuropsychological Model of Mentally Tough Behavior
Four studies were conducted with two primary objectives: (a) to conceptualize and measure mental toughness from a behavioral perspective and (b) to apply relevant personality theory to the examination of between‐person differences in mentally tough behavior. Studies 1 ( N = 305 participants from a range of different sports) and 2 ( N = 110 high‐level cricketers) focused on the development of an informant‐rated mental toughness questionnaire that …
Great expectations
Research on people's motives for engaging in high-risk activities has typically been viewed through the single-focused lens of sensation seeking. We provide evidence that comprehensively challenges that view. First, we develop and confirm the structure of a 3-factor measure of motives: the Sensation Seeking, Emotion Regulation, and Agency Scale (SEAS; Study 1). We then use the SEAS to provide evidence of differential motives for 2 high-risk activ…
Real Evidence for the Failure of the Jamesian Perspective or More Evidence in Support of It
Hardy and Moriarty (2006) presented evidence in support of James's (1890) individual importance hypothesis using a new methodology. Marsh (in press) criticized the Hardy and Moriarty approach, claiming that it did not constitute a valid test of the hypothesis and that in his article he had produced more evidence against it. In this article, we refute both these claims and argue instead that Marsh's individually weighted‐averages method does not c…
Implicit and explicit control of motor actions
Two studies have questioned Masters' (1992) contention that skills acquired in implicit practice conditions are less likely to fail under pressure than those acquired explicitly. The studies produced conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to revisit the designs of both studies in an attempt to clarify the situation. Thirty‐two participants were allocated to one of three separate implicit training groups or an explicit training grou…
Anxiety-induced performance catastrophes
Two studies are reported that test the hypothesis that previous support for the cusp catastrophe model of anxiety and performance, and the hysteresis effect in particular, could have been due to a complex interaction between cognitive anxiety and effort required rather than between cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. We used task difficulty to manipulate effort required in a letter transformation task. Experiment 1 (N=32) used high level…
Shaping Self‐Concept
This study examined the hypothesis that the contributions of specific domains of self‐concept to global self‐concept are dependent upon their perceived importance. The Self Description Questionnaire III was administered to a sample of 506 male and female participants. Analysis of the data using Marsh's original individually weighted multiple regression model confirmed previous findings of no support for the importance hypothesis. In contrast, the…
Work-related Goal Perceptions and Affective Well-being
The aim was to clarify how perceptions of work-related goals influence affective well-being and goal commitment. Participants ( N = 201) completed a Goal Perceptions Questionnaire and affect scales. A model was refined using structural equation modelling. Value and success expectation substantially mediated the effects of other goal perceptions on affects and commitment. Both value and success expectation increased commitment, but whereas value i…
Knowledge and conscious control of motor actions under stress
A recent study by Masters (1992) investigated the effect of stress upon the performance of a well-learned motor skill, golf putting, acquired under implicit and explicit learning conditions. Masters found that stress had a detrimental effect on performance for the explicit learning group but not for the implicit learning group. However, the implicit learning group was required to perform articulatory suppression during the learning trials but not…
Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills
Two experiments are reported which examine the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on a slalom type and a gymnastic type task. Twenty-four ablebodied sport, health and physical education students were allocated to either an internal visual imagery group or an external visual imagery group. In both experiments, subjects watched video-recordings of someone completing the tasks, then performed five blocks of three trials with feedbac…
A catastrophe model of anxiety and performance
An experiment is reported which tests Fazey & Hardy's (1988) catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. Eight experienced basketball players were required to perform a set shooting task, under conditions of high and low cognitive anxiety. On each of these occasions, physiological arousal was manipulated by means of physical work in such a way that subjects were tested with physiological arousal increasing and decreasing. Curve-fitting procedur…
Great expectations
Research on people's motives for engaging in high-risk activities has typically been viewed through the single-focused lens of sensation seeking. We provide evidence that comprehensively challenges that view. First, we develop and confirm the structure of a 3-factor measure of motives: the Sensation Seeking, Emotion Regulation, and Agency Scale (SEAS; Study 1). We then use the SEAS to provide evidence of differential motives for 2 high-risk activ…
A catastrophe model of anxiety and performance
An experiment is reported which tests Fazey & Hardy's (1988) catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. Eight experienced basketball players were required to perform a set shooting task, under conditions of high and low cognitive anxiety. On each of these occasions, physiological arousal was manipulated by means of physical work in such a way that subjects were tested with physiological arousal increasing and decreasing. Curve-fitting procedur…
Knowledge and conscious control of motor actions under stress
A recent study by Masters (1992) investigated the effect of stress upon the performance of a well-learned motor skill, golf putting, acquired under implicit and explicit learning conditions. Masters found that stress had a detrimental effect on performance for the explicit learning group but not for the implicit learning group. However, the implicit learning group was required to perform articulatory suppression during the learning trials but not…
Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills
Two experiments are reported which examine the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on a slalom type and a gymnastic type task. Twenty-four ablebodied sport, health and physical education students were allocated to either an internal visual imagery group or an external visual imagery group. In both experiments, subjects watched video-recordings of someone completing the tasks, then performed five blocks of three trials with feedbac…
The Role of Optimism and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes Recovery From ACL Injury
Despite a growing interest into the role of psychosocial factors during the recovery period following sports injuries, there remains a paucity of longitudinal studies examining the indirect relationships between psychosocial factors, psychological responses, and recovery outcomes. The purpose of this study was to construct and test a conceptual model which examined the indirect relationships between optimism, psychosocial factors, rehabilitation …
Risk can be good for self-esteem
Despite many decades of research that has highlighted all risk-taking sport activities as a means to satisfy sensation seeking needs (e.g., Zuckerman 1979 Zuckerman, M. 1979. Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]), recent research has challenged that view and has revealed that some high-risk activities provide opportunities for agentic emotion regulation during particip…
Anxiety-induced performance catastrophes
Two studies are reported that test the hypothesis that previous support for the cusp catastrophe model of anxiety and performance, and the hysteresis effect in particular, could have been due to a complex interaction between cognitive anxiety and effort required rather than between cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. We used task difficulty to manipulate effort required in a letter transformation task. Experiment 1 (N=32) used high level…
Work-related Goal Perceptions and Affective Well-being
The aim was to clarify how perceptions of work-related goals influence affective well-being and goal commitment. Participants ( N = 201) completed a Goal Perceptions Questionnaire and affect scales. A model was refined using structural equation modelling. Value and success expectation substantially mediated the effects of other goal perceptions on affects and commitment. Both value and success expectation increased commitment, but whereas value i…
A catastrophe model of anxiety and performance
An experiment is reported which tests Fazey & Hardy's (1988) catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. Eight experienced basketball players were required to perform a set shooting task, under conditions of high and low cognitive anxiety. On each of these occasions, physiological arousal was manipulated by means of physical work in such a way that subjects were tested with physiological arousal increasing and decreasing. Curve-fitting procedur…
Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills
Two experiments are reported which examine the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on a slalom type and a gymnastic type task. Twenty-four ablebodied sport, health and physical education students were allocated to either an internal visual imagery group or an external visual imagery group. In both experiments, subjects watched video-recordings of someone completing the tasks, then performed five blocks of three trials with feedbac…
Knowledge and conscious control of motor actions under stress
A recent study by Masters (1992) investigated the effect of stress upon the performance of a well-learned motor skill, golf putting, acquired under implicit and explicit learning conditions. Masters found that stress had a detrimental effect on performance for the explicit learning group but not for the implicit learning group. However, the implicit learning group was required to perform articulatory suppression during the learning trials but not…
Work-related Goal Perceptions and Affective Well-being
The aim was to clarify how perceptions of work-related goals influence affective well-being and goal commitment. Participants ( N = 201) completed a Goal Perceptions Questionnaire and affect scales. A model was refined using structural equation modelling. Value and success expectation substantially mediated the effects of other goal perceptions on affects and commitment. Both value and success expectation increased commitment, but whereas value i…
Shaping Self‐Concept
This study examined the hypothesis that the contributions of specific domains of self‐concept to global self‐concept are dependent upon their perceived importance. The Self Description Questionnaire III was administered to a sample of 506 male and female participants. Analysis of the data using Marsh's original individually weighted multiple regression model confirmed previous findings of no support for the importance hypothesis. In contrast, the…
Implicit and explicit control of motor actions
Two studies have questioned Masters' (1992) contention that skills acquired in implicit practice conditions are less likely to fail under pressure than those acquired explicitly. The studies produced conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to revisit the designs of both studies in an attempt to clarify the situation. Thirty‐two participants were allocated to one of three separate implicit training groups or an explicit training grou…
Anxiety-induced performance catastrophes
Two studies are reported that test the hypothesis that previous support for the cusp catastrophe model of anxiety and performance, and the hysteresis effect in particular, could have been due to a complex interaction between cognitive anxiety and effort required rather than between cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. We used task difficulty to manipulate effort required in a letter transformation task. Experiment 1 (N=32) used high level…
Real Evidence for the Failure of the Jamesian Perspective or More Evidence in Support of It
Hardy and Moriarty (2006) presented evidence in support of James's (1890) individual importance hypothesis using a new methodology. Marsh (in press) criticized the Hardy and Moriarty approach, claiming that it did not constitute a valid test of the hypothesis and that in his article he had produced more evidence against it. In this article, we refute both these claims and argue instead that Marsh's individually weighted‐averages method does not c…
Great expectations
Research on people's motives for engaging in high-risk activities has typically been viewed through the single-focused lens of sensation seeking. We provide evidence that comprehensively challenges that view. First, we develop and confirm the structure of a 3-factor measure of motives: the Sensation Seeking, Emotion Regulation, and Agency Scale (SEAS; Study 1). We then use the SEAS to provide evidence of differential motives for 2 high-risk activ…
A Neuropsychological Model of Mentally Tough Behavior
Four studies were conducted with two primary objectives: (a) to conceptualize and measure mental toughness from a behavioral perspective and (b) to apply relevant personality theory to the examination of between‐person differences in mentally tough behavior. Studies 1 ( N = 305 participants from a range of different sports) and 2 ( N = 110 high‐level cricketers) focused on the development of an informant‐rated mental toughness questionnaire that …
The benefit of punishment sensitivity on motor performance under pressure
OBJECTIVE: Humans are often required to perform demanding cognitive and motor tasks under pressure. However, in such environments there is considerable interindividual variability in the ability to successfully execute actions. Here, we consider how individual differences in self-reported sensitivity to punishment influence skilled motor performance under pressure and whether this relationship is moderated by the temporal detection of threat. MET…
Risk can be good for self-esteem
Despite many decades of research that has highlighted all risk-taking sport activities as a means to satisfy sensation seeking needs (e.g., Zuckerman 1979 Zuckerman, M. 1979. Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]), recent research has challenged that view and has revealed that some high-risk activities provide opportunities for agentic emotion regulation during particip…
The Role of Optimism and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes Recovery From ACL Injury
Despite a growing interest into the role of psychosocial factors during the recovery period following sports injuries, there remains a paucity of longitudinal studies examining the indirect relationships between psychosocial factors, psychological responses, and recovery outcomes. The purpose of this study was to construct and test a conceptual model which examined the indirect relationships between optimism, psychosocial factors, rehabilitation …
Youth Justice Staff Perspectives on Psychological Resilience Interventions and Outcomes in Young People Who Offend
Interventions aimed at increasing psychological resilience are an important factor in reducing recidivism in young people. However, little is known about how practitioners understand, apply, and assess the efficacy of the interventions they deliver. This knowledge gap is concerning as case workers are at the forefront of intervention delivery, where intervention success has wide implications for the young person and society. To provide some of th…
Psychology (14 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Cognition (6 works) · Psychiatry (5 works) · Sport Psychology and Performance (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (4 works) · Developmental psychology (4 works)