Jacob Groshek
Biographic Data
| ID | 291195 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jacob Groshek |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jacob |
| FAMILY NAME | Groshek |
| SIGNATURE | GROSHEK J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Boston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0437-8719 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 100 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Media System Dependency During Health Crises: The Impact of Traditional and New Media Technology on Knowledge and Protective Behaviors
Media system dependency theory posits that during times of crisis, individuals are more dependent on mass media for information, leading to attitudinal and behavioral change. The outset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of a global crisis within a new media context dominated by social and digital media. Using a cross-sectional survey administered in the United States at the outset of …
Uncivil for Civil Rights: A machine learning and qualitative analysis of incivility in the X-based conversation about Black Lives Matter
Does world system theory rein in social media? Identifying factors contributing to country mentions on X
This article examined how social media content has shaped the representation of countries for publics around the world. Based on world system theory, the study investigated the underlying predictors of country mentions on X (formerly Twitter) in 2018. It confirmed that countries with greater economic power – or higher status in the world system – received more mentions. Furthermore, countries with larger populations were mentioned more frequently…
Uncivil for Civil Rights: A Machine Learning and Qualitative Analysis of Incivility in the Twitter-Based Conversation About Black Lives Matter
This study uses a combination of machine-learning and fine-tuned qualitative analysis to explore the online disinhibition effect in Twitter-based discourse around #BlackLivesMatter. Our analysis shows that uncivil tweets in the nonmobile dataset are twice as likely to be overtly racist and challenge Black Lives Matter. And in both nonmobile and mobile tweets, uncivil language is deployed in a variety of ways that are sometimes consistent with how…
Digital Rage: Testing 'the Obama Effect' on Internet-Based Expressions of Racism
The concept, 'White Rage,' has previously been used to describe the way Whites have historically responded to Black advancement with policies and practices designed to quietly disrupt the progress Blacks had been making. White rage is typically subtle, masking its true intent. In contrast, recent research has found that the covert, subtle expressions of racism that are so normal in most mainstream spaces may be less common in internet-based commu…
Bigger than sports: Identity politics, Colin Kaepernick, and concession making in #BoycottNike
The humpty dumpty effect: Emerging media diffusion and (Granger) causal democratic change in 122 countries from 1946 to 2014
This study extended prior findings examining traditional with cross-national time-series data analyses in sequences of Granger causality tests to examine the democratizing effects of internet and mobile phone diffusion through 2014. In this context, Media System Dependency (MSD) theory has suggested that in countries with high media diffusion or high sociopolitical instability, such emerging media diffusion should Granger cause democracy. However…
Making a Microaggression: Using Big Data and Qualitative Analysis to Map the Reproduction and Disruption of Microaggressions through Social Media
Racial microaggressions are defined as subtle racial slights that can be offensive or hurtful. One of the defining characteristics of racial microaggressions is how difficult they can be to respond to, and the literature reports that not responding may be the most common response to microaggressions. This study addresses a vital gap in the existing literature by examining the extent to which the silence that characterizes face-to-face experiences…
Emerging media, political protests, and government repression in autocracies and democracies from 1995 to 2012
This study empirically analyzed the relationships between emerging media as tools in fomenting anti-government protest as well as government repression of political opposition. Using a dataset of 162 democratic and autocratic countries over 18 years, potential differences between these phenomena were examined. The results of a series of analytic models suggest that higher levels of internet and mobile phones are positively associated with more in…
Personal Power and Agency When Dealing with Interactive Voice Response Systems and Alternative Modalities
In summer 2015, we conducted an exploratory study of how people in the U.S. use and respond to robot-like systems in order to achieve their needs through mediated customer service interfaces. To understand this process, we carried out three focus groups sessions along with 50 in-depth interviews. Strikingly we found that people perceive (correctly or not) that interactive voice response customer service technology is set up to deter them from pur…
Helping populism win? Social media use, filter bubbles, and support for populist presidential candidates in the 2016 US election campaign
International audience
Empirical support for the media participation hypothesis: Trends across presidential elections, 1992–2012
This study empirically examines the media participation hypothesis advanced by Bucy, analyzing the influence of traditional and participatory media use across six US presidential elections. Multivariate analyses of American National Elections Study data demonstrate that as participatory media become more prevalent and utilized in an electoral system, corresponding and statistically significant increases in political system efficacy—the perception…
When official consensus equals more negativity in media coverage: Broadcast television news and the (re-)indexing of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ repeal
Media coverage surrounding the repeal of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (DADT) military policy was analyzed to examine how tones in coverage change over time and along the contours of increases in official consensus. In advancing the concept of indexing beyond actual military conflict, or the threat of war and honing in on a domestic but still military issue, this study examines broadcast network news coverage for a period of one year before and aft…
Assessing the Potential of ICTs for Participatory Development in Sub-Saharan Africa with Evidence from Urban Togo
Netflix and Engage? Implications for Streaming Television on Political Participation during the 2016 US Presidential Campaign
A large body of existing research has consistently demonstrated that the use of social networking sites (SNS) by citizens in elections is positively related to different forms of both offline and online participation. The opposite argument, however, is often advanced with regard to increased viewing broadcast or cable television, particularly entertainment programming. This study proceeds from this broad vantage point by examining survey-based in…
Meaner on Mobile: Incivility and Impoliteness in Communicating Contentious Politics on Sociotechnical Networks
This study explores the nature of how mobile social media may potentially be sharpening the tenor of communicating online. Specifically, randomized representative Twitter data were collected for several controversial issues, and then examined to determine the extent to which mobile or web-based content tends more toward greater incivility and impoliteness. Additional analyses further model how certain dialogic features, such as explicitly mention…
Agenda Trending: Reciprocity and the Predictive Capacity of Social Networking Sites in Intermedia Agenda Setting across Topics over Time
In the contemporary converged media environment, agenda setting is being transformed by the dramatic growth of audiences that are simultaneously media users and producers. The study reported here addresses related gaps in the literature by first comparing the topical agendas of two leading traditional media outlets (New York Times and CNN) with the most frequently shared stories and trending topics on two widely popular Social Networking Sites (F…
Online Media and Offline Empowerment in Post-Rebellion Tunisia: An Analysis of Internet Use During Democratic Transition
Social media are reputed to have played a crucial role in mobilizing citizens against autocratic governments in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region. In Tunisia, digital activists successfully used social media to organize the popular protests that ousted President Ben Ali in January 2011. However, the phase of mobilizing protest to overthrow an established authority is different from constructing a political order to replace that authority…
Public Sentiment and Critical Framing in Social Media Content During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Campaign
By being embedded in everyday life, social networking sites (SNSs) have altered the way campaign politics are understood and engaged with by politicians and citizens alike. However, the actual content of social media has remained a vast but somewhat amorphous and understudied entity. The study reported here examines public sentiment as it was expressed in just over 1.42 million social media units on Facebook and Twitter to provide broad insights …
Social media and personal attacks: A comparative perspective on co-creation and political advertising in presidential campaigns on YouTube
In this era of politically charged social media uses, broadcast campaign advertising is being transformed in the online environment, not only by candidates but also by citizens. Likewise, negative campaigning, specifically ‘attack’ advertising, has been analyzed and discussed widely concerning possible implications for voters. However, a specific focus on analyzing such broadcast advertisements — especially in online environments across nations —…
Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt
This study examines the Egyptian revolt (see Zhuo et al., 2011) of January/February 2011 from two discrete perspectives. The first perspective is a contextual marker that takes into account long-term and forecast trends in democracy from 1952 through 2011. The second perspective reports the opinions and viewpoints of Egyptian citizens living in a remote fishing village and resort town through impromptu in-person interviews conducted between 23 an…
Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands
In a context of highly visible and politically influential populist movements, this study considers the online self-representation of the Tea Party Patriots (TPP) in the United States and the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands. A multi-methodological approach was adopted to compare the discursive manifestation of key populism concepts: leadership characteristics, adversary definition and mobilizing information. Analyses reconstruct and ac…
Media, Instability, and Democracy: Examining the Granger-Causal Relationships of 122 Countries From 1946 to 2003
Using cross-national time-series data in sequences of Granger causality tests, this study analyzed the democratic effects of media technologies with a sample of 122 countries. This process revealed that communication technologies are vital, but not exclusive or universal prerequisites of democratic growth. As expected by media system dependency (MSD) theory, media diffusion was shown to have Granger-caused democracy only in countries where media …
The Democratic Effects of the Internet, 1994—2003: A Cross-National Inquiry of 152 Countries
Since its inception and subsequent diffusion, the Internet has been lauded as a potent democratizing agent. Using macro-level panel data from 1994 to 2003, this study examined 152 countries and found that increased Internet diffusion was a meaningful predictor of more democratic regimes. This was shown to be most true in developed countries, where non-linear fixed effects regression models showed the highest coefficient estimates and largest obse…
Coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate as a case study of frame indexing
This study examined critical coverage, substantive news frames, and news sources in The New York Times and Washington Post coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate. This content analysis evaluated media coverage before and after Congress passed the resolution that authorized the use of military force in Iraq. Results demonstrated that Congressional consensus was related to diminished frequencies of critical and substantively framed paragraphs in cover…
The Democratic Effects of the Internet, 1994—2003: A Cross-National Inquiry of 152 Countries
Since its inception and subsequent diffusion, the Internet has been lauded as a potent democratizing agent. Using macro-level panel data from 1994 to 2003, this study examined 152 countries and found that increased Internet diffusion was a meaningful predictor of more democratic regimes. This was shown to be most true in developed countries, where non-linear fixed effects regression models showed the highest coefficient estimates and largest obse…
Public Sentiment and Critical Framing in Social Media Content During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Campaign
By being embedded in everyday life, social networking sites (SNSs) have altered the way campaign politics are understood and engaged with by politicians and citizens alike. However, the actual content of social media has remained a vast but somewhat amorphous and understudied entity. The study reported here examines public sentiment as it was expressed in just over 1.42 million social media units on Facebook and Twitter to provide broad insights …
Online Media and Offline Empowerment in Post-Rebellion Tunisia: An Analysis of Internet Use During Democratic Transition
Social media are reputed to have played a crucial role in mobilizing citizens against autocratic governments in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region. In Tunisia, digital activists successfully used social media to organize the popular protests that ousted President Ben Ali in January 2011. However, the phase of mobilizing protest to overthrow an established authority is different from constructing a political order to replace that authority…
Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands
In a context of highly visible and politically influential populist movements, this study considers the online self-representation of the Tea Party Patriots (TPP) in the United States and the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands. A multi-methodological approach was adopted to compare the discursive manifestation of key populism concepts: leadership characteristics, adversary definition and mobilizing information. Analyses reconstruct and ac…
Coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate as a case study of frame indexing
This study examined critical coverage, substantive news frames, and news sources in The New York Times and Washington Post coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate. This content analysis evaluated media coverage before and after Congress passed the resolution that authorized the use of military force in Iraq. Results demonstrated that Congressional consensus was related to diminished frequencies of critical and substantively framed paragraphs in cover…
Emerging media, political protests, and government repression in autocracies and democracies from 1995 to 2012
This study empirically analyzed the relationships between emerging media as tools in fomenting anti-government protest as well as government repression of political opposition. Using a dataset of 162 democratic and autocratic countries over 18 years, potential differences between these phenomena were examined. The results of a series of analytic models suggest that higher levels of internet and mobile phones are positively associated with more in…
Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt
This study examines the Egyptian revolt (see Zhuo et al., 2011) of January/February 2011 from two discrete perspectives. The first perspective is a contextual marker that takes into account long-term and forecast trends in democracy from 1952 through 2011. The second perspective reports the opinions and viewpoints of Egyptian citizens living in a remote fishing village and resort town through impromptu in-person interviews conducted between 23 an…
Embedding the Internet in the Lives of College Students: Online and Offline Behavior
The Internet is increasingly becoming embedded in the lives of most American citizens. College students constitute a group who have made particularly heavy use of the technology for everything from downloading music to distance education to instant messaging. Researchers know a lot about the uses made of the Internet by this group of people but less about the relationship between their offline activities and online behavior. This study reports th…
Netflix and Engage? Implications for Streaming Television on Political Participation during the 2016 US Presidential Campaign
A large body of existing research has consistently demonstrated that the use of social networking sites (SNS) by citizens in elections is positively related to different forms of both offline and online participation. The opposite argument, however, is often advanced with regard to increased viewing broadcast or cable television, particularly entertainment programming. This study proceeds from this broad vantage point by examining survey-based in…
Meaner on Mobile: Incivility and Impoliteness in Communicating Contentious Politics on Sociotechnical Networks
This study explores the nature of how mobile social media may potentially be sharpening the tenor of communicating online. Specifically, randomized representative Twitter data were collected for several controversial issues, and then examined to determine the extent to which mobile or web-based content tends more toward greater incivility and impoliteness. Additional analyses further model how certain dialogic features, such as explicitly mention…
Does world system theory rein in social media? Identifying factors contributing to country mentions on X
This article examined how social media content has shaped the representation of countries for publics around the world. Based on world system theory, the study investigated the underlying predictors of country mentions on X (formerly Twitter) in 2018. It confirmed that countries with greater economic power – or higher status in the world system – received more mentions. Furthermore, countries with larger populations were mentioned more frequently…
Digital Rage: Testing 'the Obama Effect' on Internet-Based Expressions of Racism
The concept, 'White Rage,' has previously been used to describe the way Whites have historically responded to Black advancement with policies and practices designed to quietly disrupt the progress Blacks had been making. White rage is typically subtle, masking its true intent. In contrast, recent research has found that the covert, subtle expressions of racism that are so normal in most mainstream spaces may be less common in internet-based commu…
Empirical support for the media participation hypothesis: Trends across presidential elections, 1992–2012
This study empirically examines the media participation hypothesis advanced by Bucy, analyzing the influence of traditional and participatory media use across six US presidential elections. Multivariate analyses of American National Elections Study data demonstrate that as participatory media become more prevalent and utilized in an electoral system, corresponding and statistically significant increases in political system efficacy—the perception…
The humpty dumpty effect: Emerging media diffusion and (Granger) causal democratic change in 122 countries from 1946 to 2014
This study extended prior findings examining traditional with cross-national time-series data analyses in sequences of Granger causality tests to examine the democratizing effects of internet and mobile phone diffusion through 2014. In this context, Media System Dependency (MSD) theory has suggested that in countries with high media diffusion or high sociopolitical instability, such emerging media diffusion should Granger cause democracy. However…
Assessing the Potential of ICTs for Participatory Development in Sub-Saharan Africa with Evidence from Urban Togo
Embedding the Internet in the Lives of College Students: Online and Offline Behavior
The Internet is increasingly becoming embedded in the lives of most American citizens. College students constitute a group who have made particularly heavy use of the technology for everything from downloading music to distance education to instant messaging. Researchers know a lot about the uses made of the Internet by this group of people but less about the relationship between their offline activities and online behavior. This study reports th…
Coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate as a case study of frame indexing
This study examined critical coverage, substantive news frames, and news sources in The New York Times and Washington Post coverage of the pre-Iraq War debate. This content analysis evaluated media coverage before and after Congress passed the resolution that authorized the use of military force in Iraq. Results demonstrated that Congressional consensus was related to diminished frequencies of critical and substantively framed paragraphs in cover…
The Democratic Effects of the Internet, 1994—2003: A Cross-National Inquiry of 152 Countries
Since its inception and subsequent diffusion, the Internet has been lauded as a potent democratizing agent. Using macro-level panel data from 1994 to 2003, this study examined 152 countries and found that increased Internet diffusion was a meaningful predictor of more democratic regimes. This was shown to be most true in developed countries, where non-linear fixed effects regression models showed the highest coefficient estimates and largest obse…
Media, Instability, and Democracy: Examining the Granger-Causal Relationships of 122 Countries From 1946 to 2003
Using cross-national time-series data in sequences of Granger causality tests, this study analyzed the democratic effects of media technologies with a sample of 122 countries. This process revealed that communication technologies are vital, but not exclusive or universal prerequisites of democratic growth. As expected by media system dependency (MSD) theory, media diffusion was shown to have Granger-caused democracy only in countries where media …
Social media and personal attacks: A comparative perspective on co-creation and political advertising in presidential campaigns on YouTube
In this era of politically charged social media uses, broadcast campaign advertising is being transformed in the online environment, not only by candidates but also by citizens. Likewise, negative campaigning, specifically ‘attack’ advertising, has been analyzed and discussed widely concerning possible implications for voters. However, a specific focus on analyzing such broadcast advertisements — especially in online environments across nations —…
Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt
This study examines the Egyptian revolt (see Zhuo et al., 2011) of January/February 2011 from two discrete perspectives. The first perspective is a contextual marker that takes into account long-term and forecast trends in democracy from 1952 through 2011. The second perspective reports the opinions and viewpoints of Egyptian citizens living in a remote fishing village and resort town through impromptu in-person interviews conducted between 23 an…
Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands
In a context of highly visible and politically influential populist movements, this study considers the online self-representation of the Tea Party Patriots (TPP) in the United States and the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands. A multi-methodological approach was adopted to compare the discursive manifestation of key populism concepts: leadership characteristics, adversary definition and mobilizing information. Analyses reconstruct and ac…
Agenda Trending: Reciprocity and the Predictive Capacity of Social Networking Sites in Intermedia Agenda Setting across Topics over Time
In the contemporary converged media environment, agenda setting is being transformed by the dramatic growth of audiences that are simultaneously media users and producers. The study reported here addresses related gaps in the literature by first comparing the topical agendas of two leading traditional media outlets (New York Times and CNN) with the most frequently shared stories and trending topics on two widely popular Social Networking Sites (F…
Online Media and Offline Empowerment in Post-Rebellion Tunisia: An Analysis of Internet Use During Democratic Transition
Social media are reputed to have played a crucial role in mobilizing citizens against autocratic governments in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region. In Tunisia, digital activists successfully used social media to organize the popular protests that ousted President Ben Ali in January 2011. However, the phase of mobilizing protest to overthrow an established authority is different from constructing a political order to replace that authority…
Public Sentiment and Critical Framing in Social Media Content During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Campaign
By being embedded in everyday life, social networking sites (SNSs) have altered the way campaign politics are understood and engaged with by politicians and citizens alike. However, the actual content of social media has remained a vast but somewhat amorphous and understudied entity. The study reported here examines public sentiment as it was expressed in just over 1.42 million social media units on Facebook and Twitter to provide broad insights …
When official consensus equals more negativity in media coverage: Broadcast television news and the (re-)indexing of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ repeal
Media coverage surrounding the repeal of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (DADT) military policy was analyzed to examine how tones in coverage change over time and along the contours of increases in official consensus. In advancing the concept of indexing beyond actual military conflict, or the threat of war and honing in on a domestic but still military issue, this study examines broadcast network news coverage for a period of one year before and aft…
Assessing the Potential of ICTs for Participatory Development in Sub-Saharan Africa with Evidence from Urban Togo
Netflix and Engage? Implications for Streaming Television on Political Participation during the 2016 US Presidential Campaign
A large body of existing research has consistently demonstrated that the use of social networking sites (SNS) by citizens in elections is positively related to different forms of both offline and online participation. The opposite argument, however, is often advanced with regard to increased viewing broadcast or cable television, particularly entertainment programming. This study proceeds from this broad vantage point by examining survey-based in…
Meaner on Mobile: Incivility and Impoliteness in Communicating Contentious Politics on Sociotechnical Networks
This study explores the nature of how mobile social media may potentially be sharpening the tenor of communicating online. Specifically, randomized representative Twitter data were collected for several controversial issues, and then examined to determine the extent to which mobile or web-based content tends more toward greater incivility and impoliteness. Additional analyses further model how certain dialogic features, such as explicitly mention…
Helping populism win? Social media use, filter bubbles, and support for populist presidential candidates in the 2016 US election campaign
International audience
Empirical support for the media participation hypothesis: Trends across presidential elections, 1992–2012
This study empirically examines the media participation hypothesis advanced by Bucy, analyzing the influence of traditional and participatory media use across six US presidential elections. Multivariate analyses of American National Elections Study data demonstrate that as participatory media become more prevalent and utilized in an electoral system, corresponding and statistically significant increases in political system efficacy—the perception…
Personal Power and Agency When Dealing with Interactive Voice Response Systems and Alternative Modalities
In summer 2015, we conducted an exploratory study of how people in the U.S. use and respond to robot-like systems in order to achieve their needs through mediated customer service interfaces. To understand this process, we carried out three focus groups sessions along with 50 in-depth interviews. Strikingly we found that people perceive (correctly or not) that interactive voice response customer service technology is set up to deter them from pur…
Emerging media, political protests, and government repression in autocracies and democracies from 1995 to 2012
This study empirically analyzed the relationships between emerging media as tools in fomenting anti-government protest as well as government repression of political opposition. Using a dataset of 162 democratic and autocratic countries over 18 years, potential differences between these phenomena were examined. The results of a series of analytic models suggest that higher levels of internet and mobile phones are positively associated with more in…
The humpty dumpty effect: Emerging media diffusion and (Granger) causal democratic change in 122 countries from 1946 to 2014
This study extended prior findings examining traditional with cross-national time-series data analyses in sequences of Granger causality tests to examine the democratizing effects of internet and mobile phone diffusion through 2014. In this context, Media System Dependency (MSD) theory has suggested that in countries with high media diffusion or high sociopolitical instability, such emerging media diffusion should Granger cause democracy. However…
Making a Microaggression: Using Big Data and Qualitative Analysis to Map the Reproduction and Disruption of Microaggressions through Social Media
Racial microaggressions are defined as subtle racial slights that can be offensive or hurtful. One of the defining characteristics of racial microaggressions is how difficult they can be to respond to, and the literature reports that not responding may be the most common response to microaggressions. This study addresses a vital gap in the existing literature by examining the extent to which the silence that characterizes face-to-face experiences…
Bigger than sports: Identity politics, Colin Kaepernick, and concession making in #BoycottNike
Uncivil for Civil Rights: A Machine Learning and Qualitative Analysis of Incivility in the Twitter-Based Conversation About Black Lives Matter
This study uses a combination of machine-learning and fine-tuned qualitative analysis to explore the online disinhibition effect in Twitter-based discourse around #BlackLivesMatter. Our analysis shows that uncivil tweets in the nonmobile dataset are twice as likely to be overtly racist and challenge Black Lives Matter. And in both nonmobile and mobile tweets, uncivil language is deployed in a variety of ways that are sometimes consistent with how…
Digital Rage: Testing 'the Obama Effect' on Internet-Based Expressions of Racism
The concept, 'White Rage,' has previously been used to describe the way Whites have historically responded to Black advancement with policies and practices designed to quietly disrupt the progress Blacks had been making. White rage is typically subtle, masking its true intent. In contrast, recent research has found that the covert, subtle expressions of racism that are so normal in most mainstream spaces may be less common in internet-based commu…
Uncivil for Civil Rights: A machine learning and qualitative analysis of incivility in the X-based conversation about Black Lives Matter
Does world system theory rein in social media? Identifying factors contributing to country mentions on X
This article examined how social media content has shaped the representation of countries for publics around the world. Based on world system theory, the study investigated the underlying predictors of country mentions on X (formerly Twitter) in 2018. It confirmed that countries with greater economic power – or higher status in the world system – received more mentions. Furthermore, countries with larger populations were mentioned more frequently…
Political science (23 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Social Media and Politics (20 works) · Law (17 works) · Politics (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Social media (13 works) · Media studies (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Public relations (10 works)