Duncan Cramer
Biographic Data
| ID | 291967 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Duncan Cramer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Duncan |
| FAMILY NAME | Cramer |
| SIGNATURE | CRAMER D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Loughborough University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 48 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Understanding Statistics in Psychology with SPSS
Introduction to SPSS in Psychology
Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology
Introduction to Statistics in Psychology
Perceived empathy, accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual couples
One aim of this study was to test a model derived from Cutrona that conflict and depression partially mediate the relation between perceived and accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction. This was investigated in 149 heterosexual couples using dyadic analysis. As accurate empathy was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction when actual and assumed similarities were controlled, this model was only examined with perceived empathy…
Introduction to Statistics in Psychology
The Sage dictionary of statistics: A Practical Resource for Students in the Social Sciences
Linking Conflict Management Behaviours and Relational Satisfaction: The Intervening Role of Conflict Outcome Satisfaction
This study primarily sought to determine the relative strengths of the concurrent associations between satisfaction with the main romantic relationship and the four conflict indices of avoidance, negative handling, no resolution, and outcome dissatisfaction in 61 female and 35 male students. A path model in which outcome dissatisfaction mediated the association between relationship satisfaction and avoidance, negative handling, and no resolution …
Marriage and social support in a British-Asian community
People of South Asian origin represent one of the largest ethnic minority populations in Britain. However, research into the marital beliefs and practices of British South Asians has tended to conflate together different South Asian groups of different religious and geographical origins. This study focused on one large religious group originating from one region (Hindus from Gujarat) resident in one large British town, providing analyses drawn fr…
Social desirability, adequacy of social support and mental health
The extent to which the association between satisfaction with social support and mental health was due to social desirability was determined. Whether this association differed between those high and low on social desirability was also examined. Measures consisted of the Crowne – Marlowe Scale, the Adequacy of Social Integration and Attachment Indices, the General Health Questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and four scales from the…
First Steps In Research and Statistics: A Practical Workbook for Psychology Students
Mental Health and Desired Social Support: A Four-Wave Panel Study
The first aim of this study was to determine whether dissatisfaction with close (attachment) and less close (social integration) relationships was primarily reflected in desiring less or more social support. The second aim was to explore the temporal order of this association using latent variable LISREL analysis. Mental health was assessed by the-30-item General Health Questionnaire and desire for social support by the Interview Schedule for Soc…
Job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment: A two-wave panel study
The temporal relationship between job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment over 13 months was examined in 295 professional employees of a British engineering company using LISREL with latent variables analysis. The cross-lagged path coefficients in the LISREL models were not significantly positive, suggesting that the relationship between these two variables was spurious and due to error variance. Test–retest coefficients for bo…
Job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment: A two‐wave panel study
The temporal relationship between job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment over 13 months was examined in 295 professional employees of a British engineering company using LISREL with latent variables analysis. The cross-lagged path coefficients in the LISREL models were not significantly positive, suggesting that the relationship between these two variables was spurious and due to error variance. Test–retest coefficients for bo…
Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists
From the Publisher: Most introductions to the techniques of statistical analysis concentrate on the often complex statistical formulae involved. Many students find these formulae extremely daunting, yet in practice computers are increasingly used to perform the same calculations in seconds. Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists is designed as a non-technical guide, ignoring the traditional formulaic methods and introducing students to …
Psychological distress and Neuroticism: A two‐wave panel study
The temporal relationship between psychological distress and Neuroticism, both measured at two points eight months apart, was examined in a representative sample of 225 adult residents in Canberra, using cross‐lagged panel correlation and latent variable LISREL analysis. Psychological distress was assessed by the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30). Because the synchronous and autocorrelations differed significantly, the interpretation …
Living alone, marital status, gender and health
Non‐married people have generally been found to be less healthy than the married. It has been suggested that this difference may be brought about by the greater lack of social integration of those living alone. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the health of those living alone with those living with another person in the four non‐married categories of never married, separated, divorced and widowed for women and men separately, initially con…
Perceived and desired facilitativeness of one's closest friend, need for approval and self‐esteem
The hypothesis that the positive association between self‐esteem and the perceived facilitativeness of one's closest friend can be explained by the presumed greater desire of low self‐esteem individuals for a facilitative relationship was not confirmed in 262 16–17‐year‐old females, who completed the Rosenberg (1965) Self‐Esteem Scale and a shortened version of the Barrett‐Lennard (1964) Relationship Inventory. Although desired facilitativeness c…
Measurement Errors in Surveys
Social support and psychological distress in women and men
The relationship between psychological distress and social support was investigated, along with various other health‐relevant variables, in a nationally representative sample of some 2050 women and 1873 men, who also returned the self‐completion questionnaire in the 1984–85 British Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychological distress was measured with the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that the quality…
Type A behaviour pattern, extraversion, neuroticism and psychological distress
The factorial structure of a nine‐item Framingham Type A Scale, the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire, the 57‐item Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 20‐item checklist of predominantly physical symptoms was examined in a nationally representative sample of 3065 women and 2520 men. For both women and men, the six principal components extracted from the 116 items and orthogonally rotated clearly corresponded to the six variables of psychologica…
Psychological adjustment, close relationships and personality: A comment on McLennan & Omodei
McLennan & Omodei (1988) suggested that Cramer's (1985) finding of an association between psychological adjustment and the facilitativeness of a close relationship is primarily due to a general affective outlook in females. Their main measures of this outlook were extraversion and neuroticism, the latter of which is itself closely related to psychological adjustment. When their data were reanalysed excluding neuroticism, facilitativeness was foun…
Social skills training with young adolescents
Authoritarianism and demographic variables as predictors of racial attitudes in Britain
This article reports on an investigation to test the key prediction of the theory of authoritarianism: namely that authoritarianism is a major predictor of racial attitudes, in comparison with variables such as social class, educational level, age, income and feelings of economic insecurity. The analysis was based upon the data of 1,099 white respondents taken from a nationally representative sample of British respondents. Using multiple regressi…
Lovestyles Revisited
Lee's (1975) Lovestyles Questionnaire was completed in terms of a past or present romantic relationship by 105 female and 44 male undergraduates to determine its factorial validity. The first four orthogonal factors extracted did not reflect Lee's lovestyles but seemed to respectively characterize the satisfaction, openness, importance and physical intimacy of the relationship. There was some suggestion, however, that these four dimensions may be…
Perceived empathy, accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual couples
One aim of this study was to test a model derived from Cutrona that conflict and depression partially mediate the relation between perceived and accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction. This was investigated in 149 heterosexual couples using dyadic analysis. As accurate empathy was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction when actual and assumed similarities were controlled, this model was only examined with perceived empathy…
Living alone, marital status, gender and health
Non‐married people have generally been found to be less healthy than the married. It has been suggested that this difference may be brought about by the greater lack of social integration of those living alone. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the health of those living alone with those living with another person in the four non‐married categories of never married, separated, divorced and widowed for women and men separately, initially con…
Linking Conflict Management Behaviours and Relational Satisfaction: The Intervening Role of Conflict Outcome Satisfaction
This study primarily sought to determine the relative strengths of the concurrent associations between satisfaction with the main romantic relationship and the four conflict indices of avoidance, negative handling, no resolution, and outcome dissatisfaction in 61 female and 35 male students. A path model in which outcome dissatisfaction mediated the association between relationship satisfaction and avoidance, negative handling, and no resolution …
Mental Health and Desired Social Support: A Four-Wave Panel Study
The first aim of this study was to determine whether dissatisfaction with close (attachment) and less close (social integration) relationships was primarily reflected in desiring less or more social support. The second aim was to explore the temporal order of this association using latent variable LISREL analysis. Mental health was assessed by the-30-item General Health Questionnaire and desire for social support by the Interview Schedule for Soc…
Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists
From the Publisher: Most introductions to the techniques of statistical analysis concentrate on the often complex statistical formulae involved. Many students find these formulae extremely daunting, yet in practice computers are increasingly used to perform the same calculations in seconds. Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists is designed as a non-technical guide, ignoring the traditional formulaic methods and introducing students to …
Social support and psychological distress in women and men
The relationship between psychological distress and social support was investigated, along with various other health‐relevant variables, in a nationally representative sample of some 2050 women and 1873 men, who also returned the self‐completion questionnaire in the 1984–85 British Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychological distress was measured with the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that the quality…
Authoritarianism and demographic variables as predictors of racial attitudes in Britain
This article reports on an investigation to test the key prediction of the theory of authoritarianism: namely that authoritarianism is a major predictor of racial attitudes, in comparison with variables such as social class, educational level, age, income and feelings of economic insecurity. The analysis was based upon the data of 1,099 white respondents taken from a nationally representative sample of British respondents. Using multiple regressi…
An Item Factor Analysis of the Original Relationship Inventory
The original version of the Relationship Inventory (RI) was given to 169 subjects who completed it in terms of their current closest personal friend. The correlations between the sixty-nine items were factor-analysed using a principal-factor solution to determine whether or not the items represented the four postulated factors of empathy, congruence and level of and unconditionality of regard. Nineteen factors were extracted and rotated by the Va…
Psychological adjustment and the facilitative nature of close personal relationships
The Rogerian hypothesis that psychological adjustment is positively related to having a relationship which is perceived as being characterized by understanding, congruence and unconditional acceptance was tested in the context of a current, close relationship, using the original Relationship Inventory in two studies which used different measures of assessing psychological adjustment. In the first study 26 females and 19 males completed Phillips’ …
Psychological distress and Neuroticism: A two‐wave panel study
The temporal relationship between psychological distress and Neuroticism, both measured at two points eight months apart, was examined in a representative sample of 225 adult residents in Canberra, using cross‐lagged panel correlation and latent variable LISREL analysis. Psychological distress was assessed by the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30). Because the synchronous and autocorrelations differed significantly, the interpretation …
Perceived and desired facilitativeness of one's closest friend, need for approval and self‐esteem
The hypothesis that the positive association between self‐esteem and the perceived facilitativeness of one's closest friend can be explained by the presumed greater desire of low self‐esteem individuals for a facilitative relationship was not confirmed in 262 16–17‐year‐old females, who completed the Rosenberg (1965) Self‐Esteem Scale and a shortened version of the Barrett‐Lennard (1964) Relationship Inventory. Although desired facilitativeness c…
Measurement Errors in Surveys
A critical note on two studies of minority influence
A critical note on two studies of minority influence
The relationship between curative factors perceived by patients in their psychotherapy and treatment outcome: An exploratory study
Researchers are becoming increasingly interested in those aspects of the curative process that are not specific to any treatment approach. Two hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) that patients would, among those factors they suggest as helpful in their treatment, develop a list of consistently suggested curative factors; (2) that some of the consistently suggested factors will have a direct positive relationship to outcome. Twenty‐four out‐…
Psychological adjustment and the facilitative nature of close personal relationships
The Rogerian hypothesis that psychological adjustment is positively related to having a relationship which is perceived as being characterized by understanding, congruence and unconditional acceptance was tested in the context of a current, close relationship, using the original Relationship Inventory in two studies which used different measures of assessing psychological adjustment. In the first study 26 females and 19 males completed Phillips’ …
An Item Factor Analysis of the Original Relationship Inventory
The original version of the Relationship Inventory (RI) was given to 169 subjects who completed it in terms of their current closest personal friend. The correlations between the sixty-nine items were factor-analysed using a principal-factor solution to determine whether or not the items represented the four postulated factors of empathy, congruence and level of and unconditionality of regard. Nineteen factors were extracted and rotated by the Va…
Lovestyles Revisited
Lee's (1975) Lovestyles Questionnaire was completed in terms of a past or present romantic relationship by 105 female and 44 male undergraduates to determine its factorial validity. The first four orthogonal factors extracted did not reflect Lee's lovestyles but seemed to respectively characterize the satisfaction, openness, importance and physical intimacy of the relationship. There was some suggestion, however, that these four dimensions may be…
Psychological adjustment, close relationships and personality: A comment on McLennan & Omodei
McLennan & Omodei (1988) suggested that Cramer's (1985) finding of an association between psychological adjustment and the facilitativeness of a close relationship is primarily due to a general affective outlook in females. Their main measures of this outlook were extraversion and neuroticism, the latter of which is itself closely related to psychological adjustment. When their data were reanalysed excluding neuroticism, facilitativeness was foun…
Social skills training with young adolescents
Authoritarianism and demographic variables as predictors of racial attitudes in Britain
This article reports on an investigation to test the key prediction of the theory of authoritarianism: namely that authoritarianism is a major predictor of racial attitudes, in comparison with variables such as social class, educational level, age, income and feelings of economic insecurity. The analysis was based upon the data of 1,099 white respondents taken from a nationally representative sample of British respondents. Using multiple regressi…
Social support and psychological distress in women and men
The relationship between psychological distress and social support was investigated, along with various other health‐relevant variables, in a nationally representative sample of some 2050 women and 1873 men, who also returned the self‐completion questionnaire in the 1984–85 British Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychological distress was measured with the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that the quality…
Type A behaviour pattern, extraversion, neuroticism and psychological distress
The factorial structure of a nine‐item Framingham Type A Scale, the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire, the 57‐item Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 20‐item checklist of predominantly physical symptoms was examined in a nationally representative sample of 3065 women and 2520 men. For both women and men, the six principal components extracted from the 116 items and orthogonally rotated clearly corresponded to the six variables of psychologica…
Living alone, marital status, gender and health
Non‐married people have generally been found to be less healthy than the married. It has been suggested that this difference may be brought about by the greater lack of social integration of those living alone. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the health of those living alone with those living with another person in the four non‐married categories of never married, separated, divorced and widowed for women and men separately, initially con…
Perceived and desired facilitativeness of one's closest friend, need for approval and self‐esteem
The hypothesis that the positive association between self‐esteem and the perceived facilitativeness of one's closest friend can be explained by the presumed greater desire of low self‐esteem individuals for a facilitative relationship was not confirmed in 262 16–17‐year‐old females, who completed the Rosenberg (1965) Self‐Esteem Scale and a shortened version of the Barrett‐Lennard (1964) Relationship Inventory. Although desired facilitativeness c…
Measurement Errors in Surveys
Psychological distress and Neuroticism: A two‐wave panel study
The temporal relationship between psychological distress and Neuroticism, both measured at two points eight months apart, was examined in a representative sample of 225 adult residents in Canberra, using cross‐lagged panel correlation and latent variable LISREL analysis. Psychological distress was assessed by the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30). Because the synchronous and autocorrelations differed significantly, the interpretation …
Job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment: A two-wave panel study
The temporal relationship between job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment over 13 months was examined in 295 professional employees of a British engineering company using LISREL with latent variables analysis. The cross-lagged path coefficients in the LISREL models were not significantly positive, suggesting that the relationship between these two variables was spurious and due to error variance. Test–retest coefficients for bo…
Job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment: A two‐wave panel study
The temporal relationship between job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment over 13 months was examined in 295 professional employees of a British engineering company using LISREL with latent variables analysis. The cross-lagged path coefficients in the LISREL models were not significantly positive, suggesting that the relationship between these two variables was spurious and due to error variance. Test–retest coefficients for bo…
Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists
From the Publisher: Most introductions to the techniques of statistical analysis concentrate on the often complex statistical formulae involved. Many students find these formulae extremely daunting, yet in practice computers are increasingly used to perform the same calculations in seconds. Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists is designed as a non-technical guide, ignoring the traditional formulaic methods and introducing students to …
Mental Health and Desired Social Support: A Four-Wave Panel Study
The first aim of this study was to determine whether dissatisfaction with close (attachment) and less close (social integration) relationships was primarily reflected in desiring less or more social support. The second aim was to explore the temporal order of this association using latent variable LISREL analysis. Mental health was assessed by the-30-item General Health Questionnaire and desire for social support by the Interview Schedule for Soc…
Marriage and social support in a British-Asian community
People of South Asian origin represent one of the largest ethnic minority populations in Britain. However, research into the marital beliefs and practices of British South Asians has tended to conflate together different South Asian groups of different religious and geographical origins. This study focused on one large religious group originating from one region (Hindus from Gujarat) resident in one large British town, providing analyses drawn fr…
Social desirability, adequacy of social support and mental health
The extent to which the association between satisfaction with social support and mental health was due to social desirability was determined. Whether this association differed between those high and low on social desirability was also examined. Measures consisted of the Crowne – Marlowe Scale, the Adequacy of Social Integration and Attachment Indices, the General Health Questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and four scales from the…
First Steps In Research and Statistics: A Practical Workbook for Psychology Students
Linking Conflict Management Behaviours and Relational Satisfaction: The Intervening Role of Conflict Outcome Satisfaction
This study primarily sought to determine the relative strengths of the concurrent associations between satisfaction with the main romantic relationship and the four conflict indices of avoidance, negative handling, no resolution, and outcome dissatisfaction in 61 female and 35 male students. A path model in which outcome dissatisfaction mediated the association between relationship satisfaction and avoidance, negative handling, and no resolution …
The Sage dictionary of statistics: A Practical Resource for Students in the Social Sciences
Introduction to Statistics in Psychology
Perceived empathy, accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual couples
One aim of this study was to test a model derived from Cutrona that conflict and depression partially mediate the relation between perceived and accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction. This was investigated in 149 heterosexual couples using dyadic analysis. As accurate empathy was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction when actual and assumed similarities were controlled, this model was only examined with perceived empathy…
Psychology (20 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (8 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Psychiatry (5 works)