Robert Kraut
Biographic Data
| ID | 292126 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Kraut |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Kraut |
| SIGNATURE | KRAUT R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Carnegie Mellon University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 870 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
What Are Meaningful Social Interactions in Today's Media Landscape? A Cross-Cultural Survey
As we increasingly integrate technology into our lives, we need a better framework for understanding social interactions across the communication landscape. Utilizing survey data in which more than 4,600 people across the United States, India, and Japan described a recent social interaction, this article qualitatively and quantitatively explores what makes an interaction meaningful. A qualitative analysis of respondents' own words finds that mean…
Social capital on facebook
Though social network site use is often treated as a monolithic activity, in which all time is equally social and its impact the same for all users, we examine how Facebook affects social capital depending upon: (1) types of site activities, contrasting one-on-one communication, broadcasts to wider audiences, and passive consumption of social news, and (2) individual differences among users, including social communication skill and self-esteem. L…
Universals, Metaphysical Explanations, and Pragmatism
Technology Adoption and Use in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans
Disasters are threatening and highly dynamic situations, marked by high levels of information need and low levels of information availability. Advances in communication technologies have given people more ways to seek information and communicate-a redundancy that can help people cope with disaster situations and support subsequent recovery. This article presents results from a longitudinal study of New Orleans musicians in the aftermath of Hurric…
Effects of Internet Use and Social Resources on Changes in Depression
We examine how people's different uses of the Internet predict their later scores on a standard measure of depression, and how their existing social resources moderate these effects. In a longitudinal US survey conducted in 2001 and 2002, almost all respondents reported using the Internet for information, and entertainment and escape; these uses of the Internet had no impact on changes in respondents' level of depression. Almost all respondents a…
Applying Common Identity and Bond Theory to Design of Online Communities
Online communities depend upon the commitment and voluntary participation of their members. Community design — site navigation, community structure and features, and organizational policies — is critical in this regard. Community design affects how people can interact, the information they receive about one another and the community, and how they can participate in community activities. We argue that the constraints and opportunities inherent in …
The Internet and Social Participation
The Internet opens new options for communication and may change the extent to which people use older communication media. Changes in the way people communicate are important, because communication is the mechanism people use to develop and maintain social relationships, so valuable for their physical and mental health. This paper uses data from a national panel survey conducted in 2000 and 2001 to examine the influence of Internet use on communic…
The Impact Of Interorganizational Networks On Buyer-Seller Relationships
Interorganizational data networks can have two opposing effects on buyer-seller relationships. On the one hand, networks may be used to foster electronic marketplaces characterized by more ephemeral transactions between buyers and sellers. Also plausible, however, is the use of networks to strengthen existing commercial relationships and lock in partners by increasing the costs of switching to new trading partners. Our review of the literature su…
Coordination and Virtualization
One view holds that organizations are virtual to the extent that they outsource key components of their production processes, and that electronic networks make it easier to do this. The goal of the present paper is to examine explicitly the effects that use of electronic networks for transactions with suppliers have on firms' degree of virtualization. In so doing, we also highlight factors that influence the use of networks for coordination with …
Computer Mediated Markets
Electronic commerce may influence the way in which goods are traded between businesses. Many believe that Internet-based business-to-business e-commerce will reduce the extent to which firms buying goods and services are “locked in” to a single supplier. Using a secondary analysis of data collected in late 1996 on firms' use of electronic networks for transactions, we empirically test the effects of Internet use on buyer lock-in. Results are weak…
Pricing Electronic Mail to Solve the Problem of Spam
Junk e-mail or spam is rapidly choking off e-mail as a reliable and efficient means of communication over the Internet. Although the demand for human attention increases rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of attention hardly changes. Markets are a social institution for efficiently allocating supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding mo…
Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities
Under-contribution is a problem for many online communities. Social psychology theories of social loafing and goal-setting can provide mid-level design principles to address this problem. We tested the design principles in two field experiments. In one, members of an online movie recommender community were reminded of the uniqueness of their contributions and the benefits that follow from them. In the second, they were given a range of individual…
Psychological Research Online
As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to human subjects. Internet research is inherently no mor…
The quality of online social relationships
Online relationships are less valuable than offline ones. Indeed, their net benefit depends on whether they supplement or substitute for offline social relationships.
Domesticating Computers and the Internet
The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated men in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national sur…
Internet Paradox Revisited
Kraut et al. (1998) reported negative effects of using the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being among new Internet users in 1995-96. We called the effects a "paradox" because participants used the Internet heavily for communication, which generally has positive effects. A 3-year follow-up of 208 of these respondents found that negative effects dissipated. We also report findings from a longitudinal survey in 1998-99 of 406 …
The impact of computer use on children's and adolescents' development
Using E-mail for Personal Relationships
Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use electronic mail? Alternately, does e-mail change these ways of interacting? The authors explore the types of relationships women and men maintain by e-mail, differences in their e-mail use locally and at a distance, and differences in the contents of messages they send. The findings are based on qualitative and q…
Troubles With the Internet
Despite advances in technology, nearly everyone experiences technical challenges using home computers and the Internet. In a field trial of household Internet usage, 89 % of 93 families needed support from a computer help desk in the 1st year they used the Internet. However, usually only the most technically involved members of the family requested external technical support, and this behavior was associated with other computer-related behaviors …
Internet use and ties that bind
that the Internet causes social isolation. This t test design would have had considerably more statistical power than the correlational design that was used, in addition to eliminating the question of causal direction. I hope that such an experiment will be conducted in the near future
Internet use and ties that bind
Internet paradox
Robust Deflationism
Task Requirements and Media Choice in Collaborative Writing
Modalities such as face-to-face meetings permit rich communication, which involves both expressiveness and interactivity. Modalities such as text annotation or electronic mail, however, limit both. Contingency theory, as applied to collaborative writing, says that as the equivocality of the writing task increases, communication modalities that support rich communication are more likely to be used. In addition, it says that if these modalities are…
Telecommuting
Journal Article Telecommuting: The Trade-offs of Home Work Get access Robert E. Kraut Robert E. Kraut 1Robert E. Kraut is Manager of the Interpersonal Communications Research Group and a Distinguished Member of the technical staff at Bellcore, Morristown, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 39, Issue 3, September 1989, Pages 19–47, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466…
Internet paradox
Internet Paradox Revisited
Kraut et al. (1998) reported negative effects of using the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being among new Internet users in 1995-96. We called the effects a "paradox" because participants used the Internet heavily for communication, which generally has positive effects. A 3-year follow-up of 208 of these respondents found that negative effects dissipated. We also report findings from a longitudinal survey in 1998-99 of 406 …
Psychological Research Online
As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to human subjects. Internet research is inherently no mor…
Using E-mail for Personal Relationships
Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use electronic mail? Alternately, does e-mail change these ways of interacting? The authors explore the types of relationships women and men maintain by e-mail, differences in their e-mail use locally and at a distance, and differences in the contents of messages they send. The findings are based on qualitative and q…
Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities
Under-contribution is a problem for many online communities. Social psychology theories of social loafing and goal-setting can provide mid-level design principles to address this problem. We tested the design principles in two field experiments. In one, members of an online movie recommender community were reminded of the uniqueness of their contributions and the benefits that follow from them. In the second, they were given a range of individual…
Technology Adoption and Use in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans
Disasters are threatening and highly dynamic situations, marked by high levels of information need and low levels of information availability. Advances in communication technologies have given people more ways to seek information and communicate-a redundancy that can help people cope with disaster situations and support subsequent recovery. This article presents results from a longitudinal study of New Orleans musicians in the aftermath of Hurric…
The Internet and Social Participation
The Internet opens new options for communication and may change the extent to which people use older communication media. Changes in the way people communicate are important, because communication is the mechanism people use to develop and maintain social relationships, so valuable for their physical and mental health. This paper uses data from a national panel survey conducted in 2000 and 2001 to examine the influence of Internet use on communic…
Domesticating Computers and the Internet
The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated men in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national sur…
What Are Meaningful Social Interactions in Today's Media Landscape? A Cross-Cultural Survey
As we increasingly integrate technology into our lives, we need a better framework for understanding social interactions across the communication landscape. Utilizing survey data in which more than 4,600 people across the United States, India, and Japan described a recent social interaction, this article qualitatively and quantitatively explores what makes an interaction meaningful. A qualitative analysis of respondents' own words finds that mean…
The Impact Of Interorganizational Networks On Buyer-Seller Relationships
Interorganizational data networks can have two opposing effects on buyer-seller relationships. On the one hand, networks may be used to foster electronic marketplaces characterized by more ephemeral transactions between buyers and sellers. Also plausible, however, is the use of networks to strengthen existing commercial relationships and lock in partners by increasing the costs of switching to new trading partners. Our review of the literature su…
Computer Mediated Markets
Electronic commerce may influence the way in which goods are traded between businesses. Many believe that Internet-based business-to-business e-commerce will reduce the extent to which firms buying goods and services are “locked in” to a single supplier. Using a secondary analysis of data collected in late 1996 on firms' use of electronic networks for transactions, we empirically test the effects of Internet use on buyer lock-in. Results are weak…
Indiscerniblity and ontology
Coordination and Virtualization
One view holds that organizations are virtual to the extent that they outsource key components of their production processes, and that electronic networks make it easier to do this. The goal of the present paper is to examine explicitly the effects that use of electronic networks for transactions with suppliers have on firms' degree of virtualization. In so doing, we also highlight factors that influence the use of networks for coordination with …
Robust Deflationism
Humans as Lie Detectors
Journal Article Humans as Lie Detectors Get access Robert Kraut Robert Kraut Assistant Professor 1Departments of Psychology and Sociology at Cornell University. Steven Lewis provided valuable comments on an earlier draft and Gordon Hemsley both provided valuable comments and made available unpublished data Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 30, Issue 4, December 1980, Pages 20…
Indiscerniblity and ontology
There are node dicto attitudes
Computer Chips and Paper Clips
1 Front Matter 2 I. Overview Technology, Women, and Work: Policy Perspectives 3 II. Case Studies of Women Workers and Information Technology The Technological Transformation of White-Collar Work: A Case Study of the Insurance Industry 4 Machines Instead of Clerks: Technology and the Feminization of Bookkeeping, 1910-1950 5 New Technology and Office Tradition: The Not-So-Changing World of the Secretary 6 Integrated Circuits/Segregated Labor: Women…
Telecommuting
Journal Article Telecommuting: The Trade-offs of Home Work Get access Robert E. Kraut Robert E. Kraut 1Robert E. Kraut is Manager of the Interpersonal Communications Research Group and a Distinguished Member of the technical staff at Bellcore, Morristown, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 39, Issue 3, September 1989, Pages 19–47, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466…
Task Requirements and Media Choice in Collaborative Writing
Modalities such as face-to-face meetings permit rich communication, which involves both expressiveness and interactivity. Modalities such as text annotation or electronic mail, however, limit both. Contingency theory, as applied to collaborative writing, says that as the equivocality of the writing task increases, communication modalities that support rich communication are more likely to be used. In addition, it says that if these modalities are…
Robust Deflationism
Internet paradox
Internet use and ties that bind
that the Internet causes social isolation. This t test design would have had considerably more statistical power than the correlational design that was used, in addition to eliminating the question of causal direction. I hope that such an experiment will be conducted in the near future
Internet use and ties that bind
Troubles With the Internet
Despite advances in technology, nearly everyone experiences technical challenges using home computers and the Internet. In a field trial of household Internet usage, 89 % of 93 families needed support from a computer help desk in the 1st year they used the Internet. However, usually only the most technically involved members of the family requested external technical support, and this behavior was associated with other computer-related behaviors …
The impact of computer use on children's and adolescents' development
Using E-mail for Personal Relationships
Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use electronic mail? Alternately, does e-mail change these ways of interacting? The authors explore the types of relationships women and men maintain by e-mail, differences in their e-mail use locally and at a distance, and differences in the contents of messages they send. The findings are based on qualitative and q…
The quality of online social relationships
Online relationships are less valuable than offline ones. Indeed, their net benefit depends on whether they supplement or substitute for offline social relationships.
Domesticating Computers and the Internet
The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated men in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national sur…
Internet Paradox Revisited
Kraut et al. (1998) reported negative effects of using the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being among new Internet users in 1995-96. We called the effects a "paradox" because participants used the Internet heavily for communication, which generally has positive effects. A 3-year follow-up of 208 of these respondents found that negative effects dissipated. We also report findings from a longitudinal survey in 1998-99 of 406 …
Psychological Research Online
As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to human subjects. Internet research is inherently no mor…
Pricing Electronic Mail to Solve the Problem of Spam
Junk e-mail or spam is rapidly choking off e-mail as a reliable and efficient means of communication over the Internet. Although the demand for human attention increases rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of attention hardly changes. Markets are a social institution for efficiently allocating supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding mo…
Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities
Under-contribution is a problem for many online communities. Social psychology theories of social loafing and goal-setting can provide mid-level design principles to address this problem. We tested the design principles in two field experiments. In one, members of an online movie recommender community were reminded of the uniqueness of their contributions and the benefits that follow from them. In the second, they were given a range of individual…
The Internet and Social Participation
The Internet opens new options for communication and may change the extent to which people use older communication media. Changes in the way people communicate are important, because communication is the mechanism people use to develop and maintain social relationships, so valuable for their physical and mental health. This paper uses data from a national panel survey conducted in 2000 and 2001 to examine the influence of Internet use on communic…
The Impact Of Interorganizational Networks On Buyer-Seller Relationships
Interorganizational data networks can have two opposing effects on buyer-seller relationships. On the one hand, networks may be used to foster electronic marketplaces characterized by more ephemeral transactions between buyers and sellers. Also plausible, however, is the use of networks to strengthen existing commercial relationships and lock in partners by increasing the costs of switching to new trading partners. Our review of the literature su…
Coordination and Virtualization
One view holds that organizations are virtual to the extent that they outsource key components of their production processes, and that electronic networks make it easier to do this. The goal of the present paper is to examine explicitly the effects that use of electronic networks for transactions with suppliers have on firms' degree of virtualization. In so doing, we also highlight factors that influence the use of networks for coordination with …
Computer Mediated Markets
Electronic commerce may influence the way in which goods are traded between businesses. Many believe that Internet-based business-to-business e-commerce will reduce the extent to which firms buying goods and services are “locked in” to a single supplier. Using a secondary analysis of data collected in late 1996 on firms' use of electronic networks for transactions, we empirically test the effects of Internet use on buyer lock-in. Results are weak…
Applying Common Identity and Bond Theory to Design of Online Communities
Online communities depend upon the commitment and voluntary participation of their members. Community design — site navigation, community structure and features, and organizational policies — is critical in this regard. Community design affects how people can interact, the information they receive about one another and the community, and how they can participate in community activities. We argue that the constraints and opportunities inherent in …
Effects of Internet Use and Social Resources on Changes in Depression
We examine how people's different uses of the Internet predict their later scores on a standard measure of depression, and how their existing social resources moderate these effects. In a longitudinal US survey conducted in 2001 and 2002, almost all respondents reported using the Internet for information, and entertainment and escape; these uses of the Internet had no impact on changes in respondents' level of depression. Almost all respondents a…
Computer Science (24 works) · Psychology (17 works) · World Wide Web (17 works) · The Internet (13 works) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (11 works) · Internet privacy (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Business (10 works) · Social Media and Politics (9 works)