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Maria Mälksoo

Biographic Data

ID298545
NAMEMaria Mälksoo
GIVEN NAMESMaria
FAMILY NAMEMälksoo
SIGNATUREMÄLKSOO M
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Tartu
ORCID0000-0002-7110-2050
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS25
TOTAL CITATIONS444
AUTHOR COUNT24
EDITOR COUNT1
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2004
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX12
  • The Logic of Ritual Action in International Relations

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Global Studies Quarterly•2026•Cited by: 2•References: 120

    International politics abounds with rituals, but the rationale for ritual action has not been systematically expounded in international theory. This introduction to the special forum on Ritual Action in World Politics invites the scholars and students of International Relations (IR) to take ritual seriously. Flagging ritual action as an underappreciated, yet politically consequential genre of action in international relations, I make two main con…

  • Deterrence icons as status symbols: American forces in Nato’s eastern flank

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cooperation and Conflict•2024•Cited by: 8•References: 12

    How can a signal of extended deterrence, such as prepositioning of foreign military forces, signify status for the beneficiaries of the allied deterrence/reassurance chain? This article explores how the manifestation and communication of allied deterrence can concurrently constitute an affectively charged status symbol for the protégé states of this international security practice. It does so on the example of the Baltic states and Poland, probin…

  • Nato's new front: Deterrence Moves Eastward

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Affairs•2024•Cited by: 16•References: 2

    Why has NATO taken so long in adapting its deterrence strategy to Russian revisionism and extending its military presence to the eastern allies? The setting up of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in Poland and the Baltic states offers a critical case for examining the changing understandings of allied deterrence in the post-post-Cold War era. eFP is a story of negotiating the political acceptability and military credibility of NATO's modern…

  • Handbook on the Politics of Memory

    Maria Mälksoo•BOOK•Handbook on the Politics of Memory•2023

    Memory matters, for people and polities alike.Long considered a "soft" subject in the study of international relations, memory appears increasingly consequential in contemporary world politics.Vladimir Putin's rationale for Russia's full-on invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 drew on a rich brew of twisted "lessons of history", denying Ukraine's tradition of statehood, and calling for its "denazification" and "decommunization" in the same breath…

  • Memory-Political Deterrence: Shielding Collective Memory and Ontological Security through Dissuasion

    Open Access•Kristina Gustafsson, Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    Traditionally used within the context of hard military power in interstate relations, the concept of deterrence has been progressively extended to non-state actors and new issue areas. While scholarship on the social aspects of deterrence has expanded our understanding of this core international security practice, the focus of existing research has largely remained on physical security. This article argues that there is a phenomenon in internatio…

  • The Postcolonial Moment in Russia’s War Against Ukraine

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2023•Cited by: 26

    What does the world’s forced return to the “Ukrainian question” reveal about the state of the art in the modern study of international relations? What is to be learnt from the current predicament

  • Memory Laws and Memory Wars in Poland, Russia and Ukraine

    Uladzislau Belavusau, Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias et al.•ARTICLE•Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts…•2021

    »Vielmehr bietet [der Kommentar] auf höchstem Niveau eine substantielle Auseinandersetzung mit den Hintergründen, den Zusammenhängen, der Theorie und der Praxis des Grundgesetzes. Besseres lässt sich von einem Verfassungskommentar nicht sagen.“ Herbert Günther Staaatsanzeiger für das Land Hessen 2018 (50), 1494–1495

  • Uses of ‘the East’ in international studies: Provincialising IR from Central and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 17•References: 13

  • Militant memocracy in International Relations: Mnemonical status anxiety and memory laws in Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2021•Cited by: 8•References: 47

    This article theorises the nexus between mnemonical status anxiety and militant memory laws. Extending the understanding of status-seeking in international relations to the realm of historical memory, I argue that the quest for mnemonical recognition is a status struggle in an international social hierarchy of remembering constitutive events of the past. A typology of mnemopolitical status-seeking is presented on the example of Russia ( mnemonica…

  • Captive minds: The function and agency of Eastern Europe in International Security Studies

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 10•References: 30

  • A ritual approach to deterrence: I am, therefore I deter

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 53

    How can ritual help to understand the practice of deterrence? Traditional deterrence scholarship tends to overlook the active role of deterring actors in creating and redefining the circumstances to which they are allegedly only reacting. In order to address the weight of deterrence as a symbol, collective representation and strategic repertoire, this article proposes to rethink deterrence as a performative strategic practice with ritual features…

  • Rituals of world politics: On (Visual) Practices Disordering Things

    Open Access•Tanja Aalberts, X Kurowska et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Studies on Security•2020•Cited by: 14•References: 61

    Rituals are customarily muted into predictable routines aimed to stabilise social orders and limit conflict. As a result, their magic lure recedes into the background, and the unexpected and disruptive elements are downplayed. Our collaborative contribution counters this move by foregrounding rituals of world politics as social practices with notable disordering effects. We engage a series of ‘world pictures’ to show the worlding and disruptive w…

  • The normative threat of subtle subversion: The return of ‘Eastern Europe’ as an ontological insecurity trope

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cambridge Review of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 22

    A combination of undemocratic developments in Hungary and Poland as well as Eastern Europe’s reluctance to engage in solidary burden-sharing at the height of the refugee crisis in Europe has brought back familiar allusions of Eastern Europeans as troublemakers for European unity and peace. This article offers a discursive dissection of ‘Eastern Europe’ as a subtly subversive challenge to Europe’s security of ‘self’, entailing a fear of being over…

  • The Transitional Justice and Foreign Policy Nexus: The Inefficient Causation of State Ontological Security-Seeking

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Review•2018•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    How does an approach towards transitional justice produce preconditions for a country's international action, enabling certain policies and practices in the immediate neighborhood and international society at large? This article unpacks ontological security-seeking as a generic social mechanism in international politics, which makes it possible to productively conceptualize the connection between a state's transitional justice and foreign policie…

  • A Baltic Struggle for a “European Memory: The Militant Mnemopolitics of The Soviet Story

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2018•Cited by: 5

    This article examines the Latvian documentary The Soviet Story (by Edvīns Šnore, 2008) as a militant Baltic memory project which seeks to establish the parity of East and West European experiences with totalitarian crimes in the pan-European memory narrative of twentieth-century wars and genocide. The film offers a useful vantage point for investigating the interaction between memory politics and identity-building across the post-communist space …

  • From the ESS to the EU Global Strategy: External policy, internal purpose

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Arms Control•2016•Cited by: 12

    Security strategies are important sites for narrating the EU into existence as a security actor. The unveiling of a new global strategy on foreign and security policy for the EU immediately post-Brexit could be conceived as a pledge to remain together as a Union for the purposes of contributing to global security in a particular way. This paper offers a brief stock-taking of the EU’s way of writing security from the European Security Strategy (20…

  • Memory must be defended’: Beyond the politics of mnemonical security

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2015•Cited by: 109•References: 16

    This article supplements and extends the ontological security theory in International Relations (IR) by conceptualizing the notion of mnemonical security. It engages critically the securitization of memory as a means of making certain historical remembrances secure by delegitimizing or outright criminalizing others. The securitization of historical memory by means of law tends to reproduce a sense of insecurity among the contesters of the ‘memory…

  • Criminalizing Communism: Transnational Mnemopolitics in Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Political Sociology•2014•Cited by: 17•References: 16

    The eastern enlargement of the European Union has intensified calls for reconstructing a common European remembrance of the continent's multiple totalitarian legacies. Various political initiatives to condemn, along with counter-attempts to re-legitimize, the legacy of communism have emerged at the pan-European level. Each has an ambition to leave an imprint onto the symbolic moral order and the legal regime of the broader European community. Thi…

  • Reinventing ‘new’ Europe: Baltic perspectives on transatlantic security reconfigurations

    Maria Mälksoo, Margarita Šešelgytė•ARTICLE•Communist and Post-Communist…•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 5

    This article examines the self-positioning of the three Baltic states in international politics in relation to the major structural pressures challenging the status quo of the transatlantic security configuration. The constitutive role of the Russia-Georgia war of 2008, the global economic recession, the debt crisis in the eurozone, and the shifting policy preferences and force projection of the United States towards Asia are explored as the key …

  • The challenge of liminality for International Relations theory

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2012•Cited by: 76•References: 10

    The concept of liminality favours a broad interpretation, lending itself easily to disciplinary contexts outside of the original framework of cultural anthropology. Developed by Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner by exploring the rites of passage, liminality points to in-between situations and conditions where established structures are dislocated, hierarchies reversed, and traditional settings of authority possibly endangered. The liminal state…

  • The Politics of Becoming European: A study of Polish and Baltic post-cold war security imaginaries

    Maria Mälksoo•BOOK•The politics of becoming European•2009

    This book weaves together perspectives drawn from critical international relations, anthropology and social theory in order to understand the Polish and Baltic post-Cold War politics of becoming European. Approaching the study of Europe’s eastern enlargement through a post-colonial critique, Maria Mälksoo makes a case for a rethinking of European identity. Drawing on the theorist Edward Said, she contends that studies of the European Union are ma…

  • The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2009•Cited by: 46•References: 23

    The situation in collective memory studies that share a nexus with the discipline of International Relations (IR) is currently reflective of the traditionally West-centric writing of European history. This order of things has become increasingly challenged after the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU). This article examines Poland’s and the Baltics’ recent attempts to enlarge the mnemonic vision of ‘the united Europe’ by placing their …

  • From Existential Politics Towards Normal Politics? The Baltic States in the Enlarged Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2006•Cited by: 27•References: 17

    This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the Baltic states’ self-positioning within European foreign policy. It argues that, despite certain relief in their immediate security concerns after the dual enlargement of the EU and NATO, the shift from existential politics to normal politics by the Baltic states is far from being accomplished. The way in which the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have responded to the constru…

  • Shifting the Balance? The US, the EU and ‘New Europe’

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cambridge Review of International…•2005

    This is an introduction to the four-article special section on 'New' and 'Old' Europe in Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 18, no. 2 (2005)

  • Enabling Nato Enlargement: Changing Constructions of the Baltic States

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Trames Journal of the Humanities…•2004

    The current paper is a critical constructivist account of the changing Western perceptions of the Baltic states in the context of the debate over NATO enlargement. The article shows how the initial perception of the Baltic states as falling within the former Soviet Union's sphere of legitimate interest, and therefore outside the area of potential NATO enlargement, changed in response to an American-led reconstruction of NATO's role from that of a…

  • Memory must be defended’: Beyond the politics of mnemonical security

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2015•Cited by: 109•References: 16

    This article supplements and extends the ontological security theory in International Relations (IR) by conceptualizing the notion of mnemonical security. It engages critically the securitization of memory as a means of making certain historical remembrances secure by delegitimizing or outright criminalizing others. The securitization of historical memory by means of law tends to reproduce a sense of insecurity among the contesters of the ‘memory…

  • The challenge of liminality for International Relations theory

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2012•Cited by: 76•References: 10

    The concept of liminality favours a broad interpretation, lending itself easily to disciplinary contexts outside of the original framework of cultural anthropology. Developed by Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner by exploring the rites of passage, liminality points to in-between situations and conditions where established structures are dislocated, hierarchies reversed, and traditional settings of authority possibly endangered. The liminal state…

  • The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2009•Cited by: 46•References: 23

    The situation in collective memory studies that share a nexus with the discipline of International Relations (IR) is currently reflective of the traditionally West-centric writing of European history. This order of things has become increasingly challenged after the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU). This article examines Poland’s and the Baltics’ recent attempts to enlarge the mnemonic vision of ‘the united Europe’ by placing their …

  • From Existential Politics Towards Normal Politics? The Baltic States in the Enlarged Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2006•Cited by: 27•References: 17

    This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the Baltic states’ self-positioning within European foreign policy. It argues that, despite certain relief in their immediate security concerns after the dual enlargement of the EU and NATO, the shift from existential politics to normal politics by the Baltic states is far from being accomplished. The way in which the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have responded to the constru…

  • The Postcolonial Moment in Russia’s War Against Ukraine

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2023•Cited by: 26

    What does the world’s forced return to the “Ukrainian question” reveal about the state of the art in the modern study of international relations? What is to be learnt from the current predicament

  • A ritual approach to deterrence: I am, therefore I deter

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 53

    How can ritual help to understand the practice of deterrence? Traditional deterrence scholarship tends to overlook the active role of deterring actors in creating and redefining the circumstances to which they are allegedly only reacting. In order to address the weight of deterrence as a symbol, collective representation and strategic repertoire, this article proposes to rethink deterrence as a performative strategic practice with ritual features…

  • Uses of ‘the East’ in international studies: Provincialising IR from Central and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 17•References: 13

  • Criminalizing Communism: Transnational Mnemopolitics in Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Political Sociology•2014•Cited by: 17•References: 16

    The eastern enlargement of the European Union has intensified calls for reconstructing a common European remembrance of the continent's multiple totalitarian legacies. Various political initiatives to condemn, along with counter-attempts to re-legitimize, the legacy of communism have emerged at the pan-European level. Each has an ambition to leave an imprint onto the symbolic moral order and the legal regime of the broader European community. Thi…

  • Nato's new front: Deterrence Moves Eastward

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Affairs•2024•Cited by: 16•References: 2

    Why has NATO taken so long in adapting its deterrence strategy to Russian revisionism and extending its military presence to the eastern allies? The setting up of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in Poland and the Baltic states offers a critical case for examining the changing understandings of allied deterrence in the post-post-Cold War era. eFP is a story of negotiating the political acceptability and military credibility of NATO's modern…

  • Rituals of world politics: On (Visual) Practices Disordering Things

    Open Access•Tanja Aalberts, X Kurowska et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Studies on Security•2020•Cited by: 14•References: 61

    Rituals are customarily muted into predictable routines aimed to stabilise social orders and limit conflict. As a result, their magic lure recedes into the background, and the unexpected and disruptive elements are downplayed. Our collaborative contribution counters this move by foregrounding rituals of world politics as social practices with notable disordering effects. We engage a series of ‘world pictures’ to show the worlding and disruptive w…

  • The normative threat of subtle subversion: The return of ‘Eastern Europe’ as an ontological insecurity trope

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cambridge Review of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 22

    A combination of undemocratic developments in Hungary and Poland as well as Eastern Europe’s reluctance to engage in solidary burden-sharing at the height of the refugee crisis in Europe has brought back familiar allusions of Eastern Europeans as troublemakers for European unity and peace. This article offers a discursive dissection of ‘Eastern Europe’ as a subtly subversive challenge to Europe’s security of ‘self’, entailing a fear of being over…

  • From the ESS to the EU Global Strategy: External policy, internal purpose

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Arms Control•2016•Cited by: 12

    Security strategies are important sites for narrating the EU into existence as a security actor. The unveiling of a new global strategy on foreign and security policy for the EU immediately post-Brexit could be conceived as a pledge to remain together as a Union for the purposes of contributing to global security in a particular way. This paper offers a brief stock-taking of the EU’s way of writing security from the European Security Strategy (20…

  • Captive minds: The function and agency of Eastern Europe in International Security Studies

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 10•References: 30

  • The Transitional Justice and Foreign Policy Nexus: The Inefficient Causation of State Ontological Security-Seeking

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Review•2018•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    How does an approach towards transitional justice produce preconditions for a country's international action, enabling certain policies and practices in the immediate neighborhood and international society at large? This article unpacks ontological security-seeking as a generic social mechanism in international politics, which makes it possible to productively conceptualize the connection between a state's transitional justice and foreign policie…

  • Deterrence icons as status symbols: American forces in Nato’s eastern flank

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cooperation and Conflict•2024•Cited by: 8•References: 12

    How can a signal of extended deterrence, such as prepositioning of foreign military forces, signify status for the beneficiaries of the allied deterrence/reassurance chain? This article explores how the manifestation and communication of allied deterrence can concurrently constitute an affectively charged status symbol for the protégé states of this international security practice. It does so on the example of the Baltic states and Poland, probin…

  • Militant memocracy in International Relations: Mnemonical status anxiety and memory laws in Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2021•Cited by: 8•References: 47

    This article theorises the nexus between mnemonical status anxiety and militant memory laws. Extending the understanding of status-seeking in international relations to the realm of historical memory, I argue that the quest for mnemonical recognition is a status struggle in an international social hierarchy of remembering constitutive events of the past. A typology of mnemopolitical status-seeking is presented on the example of Russia ( mnemonica…

  • Memory-Political Deterrence: Shielding Collective Memory and Ontological Security through Dissuasion

    Open Access•Kristina Gustafsson, Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    Traditionally used within the context of hard military power in interstate relations, the concept of deterrence has been progressively extended to non-state actors and new issue areas. While scholarship on the social aspects of deterrence has expanded our understanding of this core international security practice, the focus of existing research has largely remained on physical security. This article argues that there is a phenomenon in internatio…

  • A Baltic Struggle for a “European Memory: The Militant Mnemopolitics of The Soviet Story

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2018•Cited by: 5

    This article examines the Latvian documentary The Soviet Story (by Edvīns Šnore, 2008) as a militant Baltic memory project which seeks to establish the parity of East and West European experiences with totalitarian crimes in the pan-European memory narrative of twentieth-century wars and genocide. The film offers a useful vantage point for investigating the interaction between memory politics and identity-building across the post-communist space …

  • The Logic of Ritual Action in International Relations

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Global Studies Quarterly•2026•Cited by: 2•References: 120

    International politics abounds with rituals, but the rationale for ritual action has not been systematically expounded in international theory. This introduction to the special forum on Ritual Action in World Politics invites the scholars and students of International Relations (IR) to take ritual seriously. Flagging ritual action as an underappreciated, yet politically consequential genre of action in international relations, I make two main con…

  • Reinventing ‘new’ Europe: Baltic perspectives on transatlantic security reconfigurations

    Maria Mälksoo, Margarita Šešelgytė•ARTICLE•Communist and Post-Communist…•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 5

    This article examines the self-positioning of the three Baltic states in international politics in relation to the major structural pressures challenging the status quo of the transatlantic security configuration. The constitutive role of the Russia-Georgia war of 2008, the global economic recession, the debt crisis in the eurozone, and the shifting policy preferences and force projection of the United States towards Asia are explored as the key …

  • Enabling Nato Enlargement: Changing Constructions of the Baltic States

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Trames Journal of the Humanities…•2004

    The current paper is a critical constructivist account of the changing Western perceptions of the Baltic states in the context of the debate over NATO enlargement. The article shows how the initial perception of the Baltic states as falling within the former Soviet Union's sphere of legitimate interest, and therefore outside the area of potential NATO enlargement, changed in response to an American-led reconstruction of NATO's role from that of a…

  • Shifting the Balance? The US, the EU and ‘New Europe’

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cambridge Review of International…•2005

    This is an introduction to the four-article special section on 'New' and 'Old' Europe in Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 18, no. 2 (2005)

  • From Existential Politics Towards Normal Politics? The Baltic States in the Enlarged Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2006•Cited by: 27•References: 17

    This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the Baltic states’ self-positioning within European foreign policy. It argues that, despite certain relief in their immediate security concerns after the dual enlargement of the EU and NATO, the shift from existential politics to normal politics by the Baltic states is far from being accomplished. The way in which the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have responded to the constru…

  • The Politics of Becoming European: A study of Polish and Baltic post-cold war security imaginaries

    Maria Mälksoo•BOOK•The politics of becoming European•2009

    This book weaves together perspectives drawn from critical international relations, anthropology and social theory in order to understand the Polish and Baltic post-Cold War politics of becoming European. Approaching the study of Europe’s eastern enlargement through a post-colonial critique, Maria Mälksoo makes a case for a rethinking of European identity. Drawing on the theorist Edward Said, she contends that studies of the European Union are ma…

  • The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2009•Cited by: 46•References: 23

    The situation in collective memory studies that share a nexus with the discipline of International Relations (IR) is currently reflective of the traditionally West-centric writing of European history. This order of things has become increasingly challenged after the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU). This article examines Poland’s and the Baltics’ recent attempts to enlarge the mnemonic vision of ‘the united Europe’ by placing their …

  • The challenge of liminality for International Relations theory

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2012•Cited by: 76•References: 10

    The concept of liminality favours a broad interpretation, lending itself easily to disciplinary contexts outside of the original framework of cultural anthropology. Developed by Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner by exploring the rites of passage, liminality points to in-between situations and conditions where established structures are dislocated, hierarchies reversed, and traditional settings of authority possibly endangered. The liminal state…

  • Reinventing ‘new’ Europe: Baltic perspectives on transatlantic security reconfigurations

    Maria Mälksoo, Margarita Šešelgytė•ARTICLE•Communist and Post-Communist…•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 5

    This article examines the self-positioning of the three Baltic states in international politics in relation to the major structural pressures challenging the status quo of the transatlantic security configuration. The constitutive role of the Russia-Georgia war of 2008, the global economic recession, the debt crisis in the eurozone, and the shifting policy preferences and force projection of the United States towards Asia are explored as the key …

  • Criminalizing Communism: Transnational Mnemopolitics in Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Political Sociology•2014•Cited by: 17•References: 16

    The eastern enlargement of the European Union has intensified calls for reconstructing a common European remembrance of the continent's multiple totalitarian legacies. Various political initiatives to condemn, along with counter-attempts to re-legitimize, the legacy of communism have emerged at the pan-European level. Each has an ambition to leave an imprint onto the symbolic moral order and the legal regime of the broader European community. Thi…

  • Memory must be defended’: Beyond the politics of mnemonical security

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Security Dialogue•2015•Cited by: 109•References: 16

    This article supplements and extends the ontological security theory in International Relations (IR) by conceptualizing the notion of mnemonical security. It engages critically the securitization of memory as a means of making certain historical remembrances secure by delegitimizing or outright criminalizing others. The securitization of historical memory by means of law tends to reproduce a sense of insecurity among the contesters of the ‘memory…

  • From the ESS to the EU Global Strategy: External policy, internal purpose

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Arms Control•2016•Cited by: 12

    Security strategies are important sites for narrating the EU into existence as a security actor. The unveiling of a new global strategy on foreign and security policy for the EU immediately post-Brexit could be conceived as a pledge to remain together as a Union for the purposes of contributing to global security in a particular way. This paper offers a brief stock-taking of the EU’s way of writing security from the European Security Strategy (20…

  • The Transitional Justice and Foreign Policy Nexus: The Inefficient Causation of State Ontological Security-Seeking

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Review•2018•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    How does an approach towards transitional justice produce preconditions for a country's international action, enabling certain policies and practices in the immediate neighborhood and international society at large? This article unpacks ontological security-seeking as a generic social mechanism in international politics, which makes it possible to productively conceptualize the connection between a state's transitional justice and foreign policie…

  • A Baltic Struggle for a “European Memory: The Militant Mnemopolitics of The Soviet Story

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2018•Cited by: 5

    This article examines the Latvian documentary The Soviet Story (by Edvīns Šnore, 2008) as a militant Baltic memory project which seeks to establish the parity of East and West European experiences with totalitarian crimes in the pan-European memory narrative of twentieth-century wars and genocide. The film offers a useful vantage point for investigating the interaction between memory politics and identity-building across the post-communist space …

  • The normative threat of subtle subversion: The return of ‘Eastern Europe’ as an ontological insecurity trope

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cambridge Review of International…•2019•Cited by: 14•References: 22

    A combination of undemocratic developments in Hungary and Poland as well as Eastern Europe’s reluctance to engage in solidary burden-sharing at the height of the refugee crisis in Europe has brought back familiar allusions of Eastern Europeans as troublemakers for European unity and peace. This article offers a discursive dissection of ‘Eastern Europe’ as a subtly subversive challenge to Europe’s security of ‘self’, entailing a fear of being over…

  • Rituals of world politics: On (Visual) Practices Disordering Things

    Open Access•Tanja Aalberts, X Kurowska et al.•ARTICLE•Critical Studies on Security•2020•Cited by: 14•References: 61

    Rituals are customarily muted into predictable routines aimed to stabilise social orders and limit conflict. As a result, their magic lure recedes into the background, and the unexpected and disruptive elements are downplayed. Our collaborative contribution counters this move by foregrounding rituals of world politics as social practices with notable disordering effects. We engage a series of ‘world pictures’ to show the worlding and disruptive w…

  • Memory Laws and Memory Wars in Poland, Russia and Ukraine

    Uladzislau Belavusau, Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias et al.•ARTICLE•Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts…•2021

    »Vielmehr bietet [der Kommentar] auf höchstem Niveau eine substantielle Auseinandersetzung mit den Hintergründen, den Zusammenhängen, der Theorie und der Praxis des Grundgesetzes. Besseres lässt sich von einem Verfassungskommentar nicht sagen.“ Herbert Günther Staaatsanzeiger für das Land Hessen 2018 (50), 1494–1495

  • Uses of ‘the East’ in international studies: Provincialising IR from Central and Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 17•References: 13

  • Militant memocracy in International Relations: Mnemonical status anxiety and memory laws in Eastern Europe

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2021•Cited by: 8•References: 47

    This article theorises the nexus between mnemonical status anxiety and militant memory laws. Extending the understanding of status-seeking in international relations to the realm of historical memory, I argue that the quest for mnemonical recognition is a status struggle in an international social hierarchy of remembering constitutive events of the past. A typology of mnemopolitical status-seeking is presented on the example of Russia ( mnemonica…

  • Captive minds: The function and agency of Eastern Europe in International Security Studies

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 10•References: 30

  • A ritual approach to deterrence: I am, therefore I deter

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•European Journal of International…•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 53

    How can ritual help to understand the practice of deterrence? Traditional deterrence scholarship tends to overlook the active role of deterring actors in creating and redefining the circumstances to which they are allegedly only reacting. In order to address the weight of deterrence as a symbol, collective representation and strategic repertoire, this article proposes to rethink deterrence as a performative strategic practice with ritual features…

  • Handbook on the Politics of Memory

    Maria Mälksoo•BOOK•Handbook on the Politics of Memory•2023

    Memory matters, for people and polities alike.Long considered a "soft" subject in the study of international relations, memory appears increasingly consequential in contemporary world politics.Vladimir Putin's rationale for Russia's full-on invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 drew on a rich brew of twisted "lessons of history", denying Ukraine's tradition of statehood, and calling for its "denazification" and "decommunization" in the same breath…

  • Memory-Political Deterrence: Shielding Collective Memory and Ontological Security through Dissuasion

    Open Access•Kristina Gustafsson, Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 59

    Traditionally used within the context of hard military power in interstate relations, the concept of deterrence has been progressively extended to non-state actors and new issue areas. While scholarship on the social aspects of deterrence has expanded our understanding of this core international security practice, the focus of existing research has largely remained on physical security. This article argues that there is a phenomenon in internatio…

  • The Postcolonial Moment in Russia’s War Against Ukraine

    Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Journal of Genocide Research•2023•Cited by: 26

    What does the world’s forced return to the “Ukrainian question” reveal about the state of the art in the modern study of international relations? What is to be learnt from the current predicament

  • Deterrence icons as status symbols: American forces in Nato’s eastern flank

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Cooperation and Conflict•2024•Cited by: 8•References: 12

    How can a signal of extended deterrence, such as prepositioning of foreign military forces, signify status for the beneficiaries of the allied deterrence/reassurance chain? This article explores how the manifestation and communication of allied deterrence can concurrently constitute an affectively charged status symbol for the protégé states of this international security practice. It does so on the example of the Baltic states and Poland, probin…

  • Nato's new front: Deterrence Moves Eastward

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•International Affairs•2024•Cited by: 16•References: 2

    Why has NATO taken so long in adapting its deterrence strategy to Russian revisionism and extending its military presence to the eastern allies? The setting up of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in Poland and the Baltic states offers a critical case for examining the changing understandings of allied deterrence in the post-post-Cold War era. eFP is a story of negotiating the political acceptability and military credibility of NATO's modern…

  • The Logic of Ritual Action in International Relations

    Open Access•Maria Mälksoo•ARTICLE•Global Studies Quarterly•2026•Cited by: 2•References: 120

    International politics abounds with rituals, but the rationale for ritual action has not been systematically expounded in international theory. This introduction to the special forum on Ritual Action in World Politics invites the scholars and students of International Relations (IR) to take ritual seriously. Flagging ritual action as an underappreciated, yet politically consequential genre of action in international relations, I make two main con…

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