C F C Hawkes
Biographic Data
| ID | 301892 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C F C Hawkes |
| GIVEN NAMES | C F C |
| FAMILY NAME | Hawkes |
| SIGNATURE | HAWKES C F C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oxford |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 97 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 289 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 97 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1927 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The Research Laboratory
Archaeology in Britain since 1945
In 1932 Professor Christopher Hawkes, in collaboration with the late Sir Thomas Kendrick, produced Archaeology in England and Wales 1914-1931, a book for many years the standard and much-loved textbook for all students of ancient Britain. Here, more than half a century later he reviews Archaeology in Britain since 1945,* edited by Ian Longworth and John Cherry, published by the British Museum in conjunction with, and as a supplement to, its curre…
Ictis Disentangled, and the British Tin Trade
Recent writers here, on routes by sea to ancient Britain, have revived the quest for Ictis, recorded as a port for the trade in its tin. Apart from Caesar's De Bello Gallico, nearly all the relevant sources are in Greek, and one of the few in Latin is from previous Greek. The relevant archaeology, marine technology and natural sciences, should still be advantaged by attention to these texts, in their wording and their contexts and chronology. The…
Celtic Studies, Oxford, July 1983
The Congress opened with a welcoming (plenary) reception in the Ashmolean Museum, with an exhibition of the Museum's Celtic antiquities. The Ashmolean this same year celebrated the tercentenary of its foundation, with a Symposium 'The Cabinet of Curiosities', at the same time as the Celtic Congress
Archaeological retrospect 3
My father's forebears were ironmasters in Birmingham. Yet neither he (born 1877) nor my uncle (born 1870), let alone five aunts, knew more than the name of their firm, The Eagle Iron Foundry. When their mother died and the family moved to Beckenham, all were children. A remote cousin Arthur, Borough Librarian of Wigan, genealogist, and thence FSA, wrote when I became that (1932) to tell me that Hawkeses were Warwickshire under Charles I1 already,…
Some British and Iberian Penannular Brooches and Other Early Types in the Rhineland and the ‘Decumates Agri’
A re-examination of Fowler Aa, B, and C penannulars leads to a reassessment of omega brooches at Numantia. The inception of particular types of penannulars could be before 75 B.C., certainly before 27, and they continue through Augustan–Claudian times with Aucissa and ‘Hod Hill’-type brooches. The distributions of certain types in pre-Roman Britain, based on Mr. Hull's researches, and of two groups of factory-made brooches and others only found i…
North Germany, Britain, and the Fengate Pin
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Bronze Age Hungary
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Double axe testimonies
It is useful to know that Joanna Close-Brooks, at Edinburgh in the National Museum of Antiquities, has found its only bronze double axe to be not from Co. Antrim, Ireland, but a nineteenth-century acquisition from Attica, Greece. Her information rightly opens the review of the claims for such axes in the West, by Stephen Briggs in ANTIQUITY last December (Briggs, 1973). Those in our museums with no such Aegean provenance he makes now five, since …
Der Dürrnberg Bei Hallein, I
(1973). Der Dürrnberg Bei Hallein, I: Katalog der Grabfunde aus der Hallstattund Latènezeit, Erster Teil (Münchner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte, ed. J. Werner, Bd. 16). By Ernst Penninger. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 297-299
Innocence retrieval in archaeology
The discussion on archaeology's nature, destiny and philosophy, which the Editor wants me to continue (1973, 93), might risk becoming a bore unless I am brief. I will try to be. The prior articles he mentions, of course, are only the three most recent; he has printed others earlier, and now has added further letters (93-5) from Drs Salway, Myres and Webster. The best of the articles certainly seems to me to be Cecil Hogarth's (1972, 301-4). But I…
New Thoughts on the Belgae
Late Celtic Europe is discernible along three lines: from sources in texts, in coins, and in general archaeology. Where all converge, on any portion of its story, visibility ought to be good. Such a portion is the tale of the folk whose name was (in the Romans' spelling) Belgae. Julius Caesar, within the Gaul that he conquered in 58-51 BC, met Belgae first in the basin of the Marne, and then throughout between the Seine, the sea and the Rhine [I]…
An Early Bronze Age urn from Milton, Northamptonshire
The drawing fig. I, by Mrs. Marion Cox, and photograph pl. xxxix a , by Mr. R. L. Wilkins, were made while this urn was on loan to the University Institute of Archaeology at Oxford, soon after discovery in November 1965. A cinerary urn, it was found in the course of mechanical digging for sand on land at Milton Malsor, formerly owned by Mrs. Raynsford of Milton Malsor Manor, now owned and worked by Milton Sand, Ltd., and is published here by thei…
A Barbed Bronze Spearhead from North Ferriby, Yorkshire, England
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The Finglesham Man
The buckle (PL. Iva) was found during the latest season of excavation on the site of the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Finglesham [I]. It has not yet been sent for laboratory treatment, but though some of its constructional details are obscured by the corrosion of the bronze backplate, all its other surfaces, including the underside of the loop and tongue and the edges of the ornamental plate, have been protected during the long centuries underground b…
Sutton Hoo
The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, with its great store of treasure from the early Kingdom of East Anglia, was discovered and excavated in 1939, between May and 26th August. That is now twenty-five years ago. Eight days after the work's determinedly unhurried close, the country was at war. Jubilee reminiscence of those extraordinary weeks has had no space, till now, to spare for the almost miraculous alliance of fine weather with human enterprise and sk…
Archaeological Significance of the Moulsford Torc Analysis
The O.S. Map of the Iron Age
In archaeological mapping, just as in its other fields of work, the British Ordnance Survey leads the world. Nationalistic as it sounds, this plain statement of fact need not offend our brothers in other countries: they could without any doubt all do as well, although often indeed not easily. Not easily, because behind a great Period Map like this, and its predecessors for Roman and post-Roman times, there runs throughout the Survey’s history, an…
The British Museum and British Archaeology
To aid digestion of ANTIQUITY'S yeasty September Editorial, on our own and other national museums and archaeologies, I offer what follows as a chaser. 'The British', declared the Editor, 'are a disgrace archaeologically', because they have not bothered to insist on a first-class museum, at the centre, for their national archaeology and history. Other nations have, with results that can be splendid. They have the cultural patriotism; where is ours…
Gold Ear-rings of the Bronze Age, East and West
The Newly-Found Gold Torc from Moulsford, Berkshire
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The A B C of the British Iron Age
This article is something both more and less than the lecture that it represents. The lecture was given in London last December to open the Conference on the Southern British Iron Age which is reported here below by Mr Frere (p. 183). But it had the disadvantage of all introductory lectures to conferences, that they cannot anticipate what the other speakers will be saying later. And in this case, what the others said later was sometimes so new an…
The Hill-Forts of Northern France
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Archaeology in Oxford University
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On Some Buckets and Cauldrons of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages
The purpose of this paper is to present five large prehistoric bronze vessels, from Wales, Ireland, and the north and south of England, found at various dates from the early nineteenth century to 1932, but published as yet imperfectly or not at all, and to consider, with reference to their affinities abroad, their significance for these islands’ Late Bronze and earliest Iron Ages. The starting-point for any such study must in general be the artic…
Archeological Theory and Method
On Some Buckets and Cauldrons of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages
The purpose of this paper is to present five large prehistoric bronze vessels, from Wales, Ireland, and the north and south of England, found at various dates from the early nineteenth century to 1932, but published as yet imperfectly or not at all, and to consider, with reference to their affinities abroad, their significance for these islands’ Late Bronze and earliest Iron Ages. The starting-point for any such study must in general be the artic…
The A B C of the British Iron Age
This article is something both more and less than the lecture that it represents. The lecture was given in London last December to open the Conference on the Southern British Iron Age which is reported here below by Mr Frere (p. 183). But it had the disadvantage of all introductory lectures to conferences, that they cannot anticipate what the other speakers will be saying later. And in this case, what the others said later was sometimes so new an…
Report on the Swanscombe Skull
M. A. C. Hinton, K. P. Oakley, H. G. Dines, W. B. R. King, A. S. Kennard, C. F. C. Hawkes, S. Hazzledine Warren, M. Aylwin Cotton, W. E. Le Gros Clark, G. M. Morant, Report on the Swanscombe Skull, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 68 (Jan. - Jun., 1938), pp. 17-98
Archaeology in England and Wales, 1914-1931
The Finglesham Man
The buckle (PL. Iva) was found during the latest season of excavation on the site of the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Finglesham [I]. It has not yet been sent for laboratory treatment, but though some of its constructional details are obscured by the corrosion of the bronze backplate, all its other surfaces, including the underside of the loop and tongue and the edges of the ornamental plate, have been protected during the long centuries underground b…
The Early Iron Age Settlement at Fengate, Peterborough
(1943). The Early Iron Age Settlement at Fengate, Peterborough. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 188-223
Gold Ear-rings of the Bronze Age, East and West
The Belgae of Gaul and Britain
The Pottery from the Sites on Plumpton Plain
A substantial series of pottery was submitted to me from both the Plumpton Plain sites. Its examination has emphasized the distinction of date between them. It will appear that Site A belongs to the earlier part of the Late Bronze Age, from perhaps about 1000 B.C., whereas Site B cannot be dated before about 750 B.C., and covers the transition to the Early Iron Age in the period approximately centred on 500 B.C
Three Late Bronze Age Barrows on the Cloven Way
Mr. Preston discovered the Colbury barrow, the first of those here to be described, in April 1931; shortly afterwards, with the permission of the New Forest Deputy Surveyor, he excavated it, and found it to contain cinerary urns assignable to what is usually called the Deverel-Rimbury class of Late Bronze Age sepulchral pottery. Those which could be selected as still practically complete were presented by the Forestry Commissioners to the British…
Part IIBritons, Romans, and Saxons Round Salisbury and in Cranborne Chase
The Deverel Urn and the Picardy Pin
In March 1929, foundations were being dug for the new Biological Laboratory at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate, overlooking the coast of Thanet, 4 miles SSW. of the North Foreland. In the course of digging, the workmen came across an ancient excavation in the chalk rock, lying beneath several feet of humus and filled with earthy chalk rubble. Intact in this excavation was a hand-made pottery urn (fig. 1, and pl. v, 1), and inside the urn were thre…
The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe to the Mycenean Age
First published in 1940, this is a classic work by one of the most well-regarded archaeological scholars. European archaeology had made remarkable progress in the early twentieth century and this volume offers a clear impression of the understanding of European prehistory as a whole. Broken into six topics with additional prologue and epilogue, the text traces out the early foundations of human culture in Europe, covering the Palaeolithic, Mesoli…
An Iron Torc from Spettisbury Rings, Dorset
The Towednack Gold Hoard
Some British and Iberian Penannular Brooches and Other Early Types in the Rhineland and the ‘Decumates Agri’
A re-examination of Fowler Aa, B, and C penannulars leads to a reassessment of omega brooches at Numantia. The inception of particular types of penannulars could be before 75 B.C., certainly before 27, and they continue through Augustan–Claudian times with Aucissa and ‘Hod Hill’-type brooches. The distributions of certain types in pre-Roman Britain, based on Mr. Hull's researches, and of two groups of factory-made brooches and others only found i…
New Thoughts on the Belgae
Late Celtic Europe is discernible along three lines: from sources in texts, in coins, and in general archaeology. Where all converge, on any portion of its story, visibility ought to be good. Such a portion is the tale of the folk whose name was (in the Romans' spelling) Belgae. Julius Caesar, within the Gaul that he conquered in 58-51 BC, met Belgae first in the basin of the Marne, and then throughout between the Seine, the sea and the Rhine [I]…
An Iron Anthropoid Sword from Shouldham, Norfolk with Related Continental and British Weapons
An iron sword of anthropoid-hilted type (pl. XXIV, 1, 3) was found in 1944 at Shouldham in West Norfolk, some five miles east of the margin of the Fens, and since 1949 has been on loan to Norwich Castle Museum. It is here published by kind permission of the owner, Mr W. R. O. Woodward. The sword was discovered while gravel was being dug in an arable field about 200 feet south-east of the site of the medieval church of St. Margaret, which fell int…
Race, Prehistory, and European Civilization
A Site of the Late Bronze–Early Iron Age Transition at Totternhoe, Beds
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A Panel of Celtic Ornament from Elmswell, East Yorkshire
T he work of art here to be published was found in the excavations of 1938 at Elmswell, about two miles west of Driffield in the East Riding of Yorkshire (6-in. O.S. Yorks. E.R. CLXISE.). These excavations, following on those carried out by our Fellow Mr. A. L. Congreve from 1935 to 1937; have shown the site to be that of a native settlement of the Parisi, occupied—probably continuously—at least from Flavian times until the end of the Roman perio…
Sicilian Bronze Axe from Near Hengistbury Head
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Prehistoric Remains from Selsey Bill
The existence on Selsey Bill in West Sussex of sites belonging to the Early Iron Age was recognized in 1909, but recent finds of pottery at one of these, the gravel pit in Golf Links Lane, has made a closer study of the question necessary
The Sacred Tree motive on a Roman bronze from Essex
The rarity of any traces of Christianity among the Roman remains of this country has often been the subject of comment. The little church at Silchester and its probable analogue at Caerwent make a poor show beside the more than twenty known pagan temples, and setting aside certain recognizably Christian tombstones, no other relics are hitherto known save some examples of the Chi-Rho monogram. The object here published is therefore anyhow worthy o…
Excavations at Alchester, 1926
Alchester is a flat site of some 26 acres, 11 miles from Oxford and 11⁄2 from Bicester, in the parish of Wendlebury, on gravel over clay. Remains of a bank and ditch enclose it, forming approximately a square, the axis of which runs nearly N. 40 W. At the south-east corner is a mound 4 ft. 9 in. high, and remains of another at the north-east. From south to north through the site passes the Roman road which comes from Dorchester over Shotover Hill…
Nvmantia
Nvmantia: die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen, 1905–12. Von Adolf Schulten. III Band, Die Lager Des Scipio: pp. xviii, 269; 54 plates in quarto text-volume, 1 map and 46 plans in folio container. IV Band, Die Lager Bei Renieblas: pp. xx, 309; 89 plates in quarto text-volume, 2 maps and 32 plans in folio container. München: Bruckmann, 1927, 1929. R-M.90, 150. - Volume 19 Issue 1
The Roman Siege of Masada
The arid plateau of the Judaean wilderness drops on the east to the trough of the Dead Sea in a long range of sheer cliffs, which are pierced about 32 miles south of the mouth of the Jordan by the ravine of the Wad-el-Hâfâf. On its northern flank a huge mass of their red limestone has split away to form an isolated flat-topped crag standing 1700 feet above the Dead Sea about a mile and a half from its western shore
The Belgae of Gaul and Britain
Jug of St. Rémy ware found in Kent
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Patterns on early pottery
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The Sacred Tree motive on a Roman bronze from Essex
The rarity of any traces of Christianity among the Roman remains of this country has often been the subject of comment. The little church at Silchester and its probable analogue at Caerwent make a poor show beside the more than twenty known pagan temples, and setting aside certain recognizably Christian tombstones, no other relics are hitherto known save some examples of the Chi-Rho monogram. The object here published is therefore anyhow worthy o…
The Excavations at Colchester, 1930
A Note on the work done during 1930 by the Colchester Excavation Committee has already appeared in this Journal (vol. x, pp. 389–90), and on 12th March of this year, a joint paper, introduced by the Director of Excavations, Mr. J. P. Bushe-Fox, F.S.A., was laid before the Society of Antiquaries by the present writer and his colleagues in the field, Mr. M. R. Hull and Mr. J. N. L. Myres, F.S.A. Since then the Committee has resumed and finished one…
Prehistoric Britain in 1931 and 1932
(1932). Prehistoric Britain in 1931 and 1932. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 275-297
Roman Gold Bracelets from York
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The Colchester excavations
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Bronzes of the Early Iron Age from Yorkshire
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The Towednack Gold Hoard
A Roman mortarium-stamp from East Yorkshire
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Three Late Bronze Age Barrows on the Cloven Way
Mr. Preston discovered the Colbury barrow, the first of those here to be described, in April 1931; shortly afterwards, with the permission of the New Forest Deputy Surveyor, he excavated it, and found it to contain cinerary urns assignable to what is usually called the Deverel-Rimbury class of Late Bronze Age sepulchral pottery. Those which could be selected as still practically complete were presented by the Forestry Commissioners to the British…
Archaeology in England and Wales, 1914-1931
Prehistoric Remains from Selsey Bill
The existence on Selsey Bill in West Sussex of sites belonging to the Early Iron Age was recognized in 1909, but recent finds of pottery at one of these, the gravel pit in Golf Links Lane, has made a closer study of the question necessary
The Extinct Waterways of the Fens
Notices of Archaeological Publications
Prehistoric Britain in 1935
A New Handled Beaker, with Spiral Ornament, from Kempsey, Worcestershire
The beaker shown in plate XL was found in the early summer of 1934 in working the pits of the Kempsey Sand and Gravel Co., in the hamlet of Draycott in the parish of Kempsey, Worcestershire. The exact site is almost exactly one mile due south of the middle of Kempsey village, and 300 yards ENE. of the fifth milestone from Worcester on the main road to Tewkesbury, the diggings in question being 30–40 yards W. of the lane which here runs parallel t…
A La Tène bronze handle from Welwyn
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A Middle-Late Bronze Age date for the Occupation-site at Playden, near Rye
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The Pottery from the Sites on Plumpton Plain
A substantial series of pottery was submitted to me from both the Plumpton Plain sites. Its examination has emphasized the distinction of date between them. It will appear that Site A belongs to the earlier part of the Late Bronze Age, from perhaps about 1000 B.C., whereas Site B cannot be dated before about 750 B.C., and covers the transition to the Early Iron Age in the period approximately centred on 500 B.C
An engraved La Tène bronze from Arundel Park
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History (83 works) · Archaeology (71 works) · History (64 works) · Ancient history (48 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (46 works) · Geography (40 works) · Art (30 works) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (24 works) · Bronze (20 works) · Computer Science (17 works)