Frances Mccall Rosenbluth
Biographic Data
| ID | 302280 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Frances Mccall Rosenbluth |
| GIVEN NAMES | Frances Mccall |
| FAMILY NAME | Rosenbluth |
| SIGNATURE | ROSENBLUTH F M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5187-3539 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1204 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
Voter responses to female candidates' voice pitch: Experimental evidence from Japan
Politicians' voice pitch is known to affect voters' evaluation of the candidates in the US. But to what extent is this true outside of the American context? To address this question, we conducted an original survey experiment in Japan. Our findings are threefold. First, in contrast to previous studies, voters in Japan do not systematically prefer lower-pitched over higher-pitched female politicians. Second, our findings suggest heterogeneity in t…
Workshops Without Borders: Building an Online Community of Japan Scholars
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Varieties of Public Attitudes toward Immigration: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan
What factors shape attitudes toward immigration? Previous studies have typically debated whether citizens oppose immigration more for economic or cultural reasons. We broaden this debate by exploring how different segments of the citizenry feel about immigration. Our original surveys conducted in Japan reveal two separate axes along which many citizens view immigration: (1) its cultural and economic effects, and (2) its positive and negative effe…
The Fiscal Politics of Immigration: Expert Information and Concerns over Fiscal Drain
Recent studies find that fiscal concerns strongly condition public attitudes toward immigration. To what extent do expert cues affect these worries? Original survey experiments in Japan reveal that citizens are more easily swayed by experts warning against negative fiscal effects of immigration than they are by suggestions of possible positive economic or cultural impacts. This strong responsiveness to negative information is shared across the po…
Hawkish Partisans: How Political Parties Shape Nationalist Conflicts in China and Japan
It is well known that regime types affect international conflicts. This article explores political parties as a mechanism through which they do so. Political parties operate in fundamentally different ways in democracies vs. non-democracies, which has consequences for foreign policy. Core supporters of a party in a democracy, if they are hawkish, may be more successful at demanding hawkish behavior from their party representatives than would be t…
Political Parties and Public Policy
Failures of representation and democracy cannot be solved by weakening parties. Rather, democratic success requires political competition among strong parties that can identify and defend the broad interests of the community as a whole. The fragmentation of political parties reduces spending on public goods, and weakening party discipline diminishes political accountability.
The Dilemma of Gender Equality: How Labor Market Regulation Divides Women by Class
Women shoulder a heavier burden of family work than men in modern society, preventing them from matching male success in the external labor market. Limiting working hours is a plausible way to level the playing field by creating the possibility of less gendered roles for both sexes. But why then are heavily regulated European labor markets associated with a smaller share of women in top management positions compared with liberal market economies …
Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself
What Explains Low Female Political Representation? Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan
Few democratic countries have lower rates of female political representation than Japan, making it an excellent place to seek clues for female underrepresentation. We were surprised to find, based on three experimental surveys, that Japanese voters do not harbor particularly negative attitudes toward female politicians. The problem instead appears to be that women are reluctant to run for office because of socially mandated family roles. An impli…
The Democratic Dilemma: Taking the Dilemma out of Democracy
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Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself
Are You My Mentor? A Field Experiment on Gender, Ethnicity, and Political Self-Starters
Do public officials respond unequally to requests for career advice? Through a correspondence experiment with 8,189 officials, we examine whether (hypothetical) male and female students who express interest in political careers receive differential responses from public officials. We report three striking findings. First, emails sent by female students were more likely to receive a response than those sent by male students, especially when the of…
The Ties That Double Bind: Social Roles and Women's Underrepresentation in Politics
This paper theorizes three forms of bias that might limit women's representation: outright hostility, double standards, and a double bind whereby desired traits present bigger burdens for women than men. We examine these forms of bias using conjoint experiments derived from several original surveys-a population survey of American voters and two rounds of surveys of American public officials. We find no evidence of outright discrimination or of do…
Electoral Adaptation and Business Cycles in Post-1994 Japan
Japan’s conservative Liberal Democratic Party swept both houses of parliament in December 2012 and July 2013 on a platform of Keynesian spending. Better known for fiscal stringency, the LDP “changed its spots” in part because 1994 electoral reforms force parties to compete on party platforms in place of clientelism
Bones of Contention: The Political Economy of Height Inequality
Human osteological data provide a rich, still-to-be-mined source of information about the distribution of nutrition and, by extension, the distribution of political power and economic wealth in societies of long ago. On the basis of data we have collected and analyzed on societies ranging from foraging communities to the ancient Egyptian and modern European monarchies, we find that the shift from hunting and gathering to complex fishing technique…
Japan in 2011
Japan's government under the Democratic Party of Japan has limped along for another year, hampered by a divided legislature and an aging population reluctant to pay for the pensions and services it requires. The natural disasters of March 2011 were a tragic sideshow to the deep political problems that continue to plague Japan
Japan in 2010
The Democratic Party of Japan's first full year in office was rocky, with open competition for party leadership sandwiched between diplomatic rows with the U.S. and China. If bumps in the road are inevitable for a new party in government, the Japanese public has made an investment in the long-term health of its democracy
War and State Building in Medieval Japan
This book introduces to statebuilding literature the case of Japan, demonstrating the ways in which farmer negotiations with warlords formed the bedrock of a medieval economy that enabled the consolidation of the state
Japan Transformed: Political Change and Economic Restructuring
With little domestic fanfare and even less attention internationally, Japan has been reinventing itself since the 1990s, dramatically changing its political economy, from one managed by regulations to one with a neoliberal orientation. Rebuilding from the economic misfortunes of its recent past, the country retains a formidable economy and its political system is healthier than at any time in its history. Japan Transformed explores the historical…
Regimes and the Rule of Law: Judicial Independence in Comparative Perspective
According to popular wisdom, judicial independence and the rule of law are essential features of modern democracy. Drawing on the growing comparative literature on courts, we unpack this claim by focusing on two broad questions: How does the type of political regime affect judicial independence? Are independent courts, in fact, always essential for establishing the rule of law? In highlighting the role of institutional fragmentation and public op…
Warlike Democracies
Classical republican theories are monadic in the sense of seeing in each political regime a set of typical operating characteristics. There is disagreement as to what those characteristics are and specifically whether republican governments are more likely to be aggressive or peace loving. We group these two views as (democratic) mobilization theory versus (republican) checks theory and argue, first, that each can help us understand the finer str…
Work and Power: The Connection Between Female Labor Force Participation and Female Political Representation
Low levels of female labor force participation contribute to female underrepresentation in democratic polities, both by reinforcing traditional voter attitudes toward women (a demand-side feature) and by constraining the supply of women with professional experience and resources who are capable of mounting credible electoral campaigns. Female labor force participation, however, is only part of the story. Comparative analysis suggests that elector…
Gender and Development: The Japanese Experience in Comparative Perspective
America's Policy toward East Asia: How It Looks from Japan
Despite the unpopularity in Japan of American military unilateralism, Japan has continued to support U.S. actions abroad in order to bolster the bilateral security alliance. Public support in Japan for an active foreign policy reflects realist thinking there about new international threats, as well as changes in domestic politics that shape the public's response to those threats
The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility
This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly foregoing motherhood? The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labour market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. The book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue, b…
The Ties That Double Bind: Social Roles and Women's Underrepresentation in Politics
This paper theorizes three forms of bias that might limit women's representation: outright hostility, double standards, and a double bind whereby desired traits present bigger burdens for women than men. We examine these forms of bias using conjoint experiments derived from several original surveys-a population survey of American voters and two rounds of surveys of American public officials. We find no evidence of outright discrimination or of do…
The Political Economy of Gender: Explaining Cross‐National Variation in the Gender Division of Labor and the Gender Voting Gap
Mainstream political economy has tended to treat the family as a unit when examining the distributional consequences of labor market institutions and of public policy. In a world with high divorce rates, we argue that this simplification is more likely to obscure than to instruct. We find that labor market opportunities for women, which vary systematically with the position of countries in the international division of labor and with the structur…
Short versus Long Coalitions: Electoral Accountability and the Size of the Public Sector
This article examines the policy consequences of the number of parties in government. We argue that parties externalize costs not borne by their support groups. Larger parties thus internalize more costs than small parties because they represent more groups. This argument implies that the public sector should be larger the more parties there are in the government coalition. We test this prediction using yearly time‐series cross‐sectional data fro…
Work and Power: The Connection Between Female Labor Force Participation and Female Political Representation
Low levels of female labor force participation contribute to female underrepresentation in democratic polities, both by reinforcing traditional voter attitudes toward women (a demand-side feature) and by constraining the supply of women with professional experience and resources who are capable of mounting credible electoral campaigns. Female labor force participation, however, is only part of the story. Comparative analysis suggests that elector…
Regimes and the Rule of Law: Judicial Independence in Comparative Perspective
According to popular wisdom, judicial independence and the rule of law are essential features of modern democracy. Drawing on the growing comparative literature on courts, we unpack this claim by focusing on two broad questions: How does the type of political regime affect judicial independence? Are independent courts, in fact, always essential for establishing the rule of law? In highlighting the role of institutional fragmentation and public op…
Welfare Works: Explaining Female Legislative Representation
This study aims to advance our understanding of why women are underrepresented in legislatures around the world, and what accounts for the wide variation over time and across countries. Scholars generally agree on many of the favorable conditions for women to enter parliament, including, inter alia, proportional representation, leftism in government, and female employment. However, the mechanisms that link women's seat shares to the supposed expl…
Electoral Reform and the Fate of Factions: The Case of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party
For years, scholars and pundits have blamed Japan's single, non-transferable vote (SNTV) electoral system for the factions that divide and organize the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). In January 1994, Japan abandoned SNTV, and the first election under the new rules occurred in October 1996. If SNTV did in fact sustain the factions, it makes sense that the factional structure ought to have weakened under the new rules. In this article, we p…
Are You My Mentor? A Field Experiment on Gender, Ethnicity, and Political Self-Starters
Do public officials respond unequally to requests for career advice? Through a correspondence experiment with 8,189 officials, we examine whether (hypothetical) male and female students who express interest in political careers receive differential responses from public officials. We report three striking findings. First, emails sent by female students were more likely to receive a response than those sent by male students, especially when the of…
The Electoral Fortunes of Legislative Factions in Japan
The legislative factions of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan are so autonomous that the LDP is typically viewed as a coalition of factions, rather than a unitary party. We focus on the electoral role of these factions, finding that the five main factions differed substantially in electoral success in the 1960-79 period, but have been so closely tied together in the 1980s that differences in their electoral fates are statistically indiscernib…
Child Care Policy at the Crossroads: Gender and Welfare State Restructuring
What Explains Low Female Political Representation? Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan
Few democratic countries have lower rates of female political representation than Japan, making it an excellent place to seek clues for female underrepresentation. We were surprised to find, based on three experimental surveys, that Japanese voters do not harbor particularly negative attitudes toward female politicians. The problem instead appears to be that women are reluctant to run for office because of socially mandated family roles. An impli…
Electoral Rules, Career Ambitions, and Party Structure: Comparing Factions in Japan's Upper and Lower Houses
cross-temporally. Taking advantage of this natural experiment, we derive and test six specific hypotheses. Our most robust findings are that the rate of factional affiliation varies directly with the level of intraparty competition induced by these different regimes and that Upper House members with cabinet experience are more likely to be factionally affiliated than those without. We also find that smaller factions died out sooner in the Upper H…
Mobilization, Social Networks, and Turnout: Evidence from Japan
The strategic elites model of turnout argues that elites mobilize more when the probability of their effort deciding the electoral outcome is greater. Although the literature assumes that this probability depends solely on how close the election is, logically it depends jointly on how many votes are needed to affect the outcome (closeness)andon how many additional votes elite efforts are likely to garner (vote yield). Because the vote yield of mo…
Reducing nomination errors: Factional competition and party strategy in Japan
The Domestic Politics of Banking Regulation
This article seeks to ground financial regulatory choices in domestic politics. Based on evidence from twenty-two industrialized countries, we argue that electoral rules—specifically, the extent to which they are centrifugal or centripetal—have a significant effect on whether the banks or their consumers pay for the security of the banking system. Moreover, despite the homogenizing effects of global financial integration, the political dynamics g…
Factional Competition for the Party Endorsement: The Case of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party
This Note explores the candidate-endorsement process in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan during its period of hegemony (1955–90). Even in parties without an enduring factional structure such as the LDP, nominations are often troublesome – witness, for example, the reselection controversy in Britain's Labour party at the end of the 1970s or the perennially damaging fights in American primary elections. Moreover, it is easy to understand…
Anatomy of a split: The Liberal Democrats of Japan
This essay investigates the historic split of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party in the summer of 1993, when a substantial minority of LDP members defected to the newly-formed centrist parties Shinto Sakigake and Shinseito. Our primary theoretical inspiration in interpreting this split is drawn from the extensive literature on the stability of European coalition governments. We use this literature to inform both a narrative history of factional str…
Bones of Contention: The Political Economy of Height Inequality
Human osteological data provide a rich, still-to-be-mined source of information about the distribution of nutrition and, by extension, the distribution of political power and economic wealth in societies of long ago. On the basis of data we have collected and analyzed on societies ranging from foraging communities to the ancient Egyptian and modern European monarchies, we find that the shift from hunting and gathering to complex fishing technique…
Varieties of Public Attitudes toward Immigration: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan
What factors shape attitudes toward immigration? Previous studies have typically debated whether citizens oppose immigration more for economic or cultural reasons. We broaden this debate by exploring how different segments of the citizenry feel about immigration. Our original surveys conducted in Japan reveal two separate axes along which many citizens view immigration: (1) its cultural and economic effects, and (2) its positive and negative effe…
Japan's Political Marketplace
Warlike Democracies
Classical republican theories are monadic in the sense of seeing in each political regime a set of typical operating characteristics. There is disagreement as to what those characteristics are and specifically whether republican governments are more likely to be aggressive or peace loving. We group these two views as (democratic) mobilization theory versus (republican) checks theory and argue, first, that each can help us understand the finer str…
Hawkish Partisans: How Political Parties Shape Nationalist Conflicts in China and Japan
It is well known that regime types affect international conflicts. This article explores political parties as a mechanism through which they do so. Political parties operate in fundamentally different ways in democracies vs. non-democracies, which has consequences for foreign policy. Core supporters of a party in a democracy, if they are hawkish, may be more successful at demanding hawkish behavior from their party representatives than would be t…
Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself
The Electoral Foundations of Japan's Banking Regulation
This article locates Japan's financial policies in the context of electoral incentives. The collapse of Japan's economic bubble in 1990 exposed the rot in the banking system, hidden for decades by a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government intent on maintaining favor with local support groups and protecting inefficient small banks. In a move wholly uncharacteristic of Japan's postwar politics, the LDP ultimately forced the banks to absorb huge l…
The Dilemma of Gender Equality: How Labor Market Regulation Divides Women by Class
Women shoulder a heavier burden of family work than men in modern society, preventing them from matching male success in the external labor market. Limiting working hours is a plausible way to level the playing field by creating the possibility of less gendered roles for both sexes. But why then are heavily regulated European labor markets associated with a smaller share of women in top management positions compared with liberal market economies …
Financial Politics in Contemporary Japan
Japanese Banks in Mexico: The Role of Government in Private Decisions
Japan's Political Marketplace
The Electoral Fortunes of Legislative Factions in Japan
The legislative factions of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan are so autonomous that the LDP is typically viewed as a coalition of factions, rather than a unitary party. We focus on the electoral role of these factions, finding that the five main factions differed substantially in electoral success in the 1960-79 period, but have been so closely tied together in the 1980s that differences in their electoral fates are statistically indiscernib…
Japan's Political Marketplace
Japan's Political Marketplace
Reducing nomination errors: Factional competition and party strategy in Japan
The Politics of Oligarchy: Institutional Choice in Imperial Japan
In the latter-half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, Japan underwent two major shifts in political control. In the 1910s, the power of the oligarchy was eclipsed by that of a larger group of professional politicians; in the 1930s, the focus of power shifted again, this time to a set of independent military leaders. In this book, Ramseyer and Rosenbluth examine a key question of modern Japanese politics: why th…
Japan's Political Marketplace
Anatomy of a split: The Liberal Democrats of Japan
This essay investigates the historic split of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party in the summer of 1993, when a substantial minority of LDP members defected to the newly-formed centrist parties Shinto Sakigake and Shinseito. Our primary theoretical inspiration in interpreting this split is drawn from the extensive literature on the stability of European coalition governments. We use this literature to inform both a narrative history of factional str…
Japan's Political Marketplace
Factional Competition for the Party Endorsement: The Case of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party
This Note explores the candidate-endorsement process in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan during its period of hegemony (1955–90). Even in parties without an enduring factional structure such as the LDP, nominations are often troublesome – witness, for example, the reselection controversy in Britain's Labour party at the end of the 1970s or the perennially damaging fights in American primary elections. Moreover, it is easy to understand…
The End of Political Science? Rational Choice Analyses in Studies of Japanese Politics
Mobilization, Social Networks, and Turnout: Evidence from Japan
The strategic elites model of turnout argues that elites mobilize more when the probability of their effort deciding the electoral outcome is greater. Although the literature assumes that this probability depends solely on how close the election is, logically it depends jointly on how many votes are needed to affect the outcome (closeness)andon how many additional votes elite efforts are likely to garner (vote yield). Because the vote yield of mo…
Electoral Reform and the Fate of Factions: The Case of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party
For years, scholars and pundits have blamed Japan's single, non-transferable vote (SNTV) electoral system for the factions that divide and organize the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). In January 1994, Japan abandoned SNTV, and the first election under the new rules occurred in October 1996. If SNTV did in fact sustain the factions, it makes sense that the factional structure ought to have weakened under the new rules. In this article, we p…
Electoral Rules, Career Ambitions, and Party Structure: Comparing Factions in Japan's Upper and Lower Houses
cross-temporally. Taking advantage of this natural experiment, we derive and test six specific hypotheses. Our most robust findings are that the rate of factional affiliation varies directly with the level of intraparty competition induced by these different regimes and that Upper House members with cabinet experience are more likely to be factionally affiliated than those without. We also find that smaller factions died out sooner in the Upper H…
The Electoral Foundations of Japan's Banking Regulation
This article locates Japan's financial policies in the context of electoral incentives. The collapse of Japan's economic bubble in 1990 exposed the rot in the banking system, hidden for decades by a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government intent on maintaining favor with local support groups and protecting inefficient small banks. In a move wholly uncharacteristic of Japan's postwar politics, the LDP ultimately forced the banks to absorb huge l…
Child Care Policy at the Crossroads: Gender and Welfare State Restructuring
The Domestic Politics of Banking Regulation
This article seeks to ground financial regulatory choices in domestic politics. Based on evidence from twenty-two industrialized countries, we argue that electoral rules—specifically, the extent to which they are centrifugal or centripetal—have a significant effect on whether the banks or their consumers pay for the security of the banking system. Moreover, despite the homogenizing effects of global financial integration, the political dynamics g…
The 2003 Apsa-JPSA Exchange
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Politics of Gender Equality: Explaining Variation in Fertility Levels in Rich Democracies
A consensus has emerged that gender-friendly policies can promote higher fertility in rich democracies (Esping-Andersen 1999). This paper supplies a political explanation for why these fertility-enabling policies diverge across countries. Using Sweden and Germany as our primary case studies, we argue that the strength of the left party's hold on government, rather than economic or social factors, underpins the expansion of the public sector that …
The politics of gender equality: Explaining variation in fertility levels in rich democracies
The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility
This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly foregoing motherhood? The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labour market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. The book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue, b…
The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility
The industrial world is ageing radically. Population ageing has been particularly dramatic in post-industrial East Asian economies in terms of its pace and path. Having reached the replacement level of the total fertility rate (TFR) in the mid-1970s, Japan has been an ‘aged’ society since 1996 with more than 14 percent of the population aged over 65. In 2004, the TFR of Japan reached 1.29, the lowest in its history. Indeed, over the past decade s…
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006
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Political science (50 works) · Politics (41 works) · Law (40 works) · Law (34 works) · Economics (33 works) · Political economy (23 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Democracy (19 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (15 works) · Public Administration (13 works)